• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2001

목적 : 반월상 연골 손상은 내,외측에서 단독으로 파열되거나 인대손상과 동반되어 자주 발생하는데 지금까지 내측 반월상연골 손상에 대한 보고는 많으나 외측 반월상 연골 단독 손상에 대한 보고는 흔하지 않다. 이에 저자들은 외측 반월상 연골 단독 손상의 치료 결과를 임상적으로 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1997년 1월부터 2000년 6월까지 경희대학교 의과대학 정형외과학 교실에서 외측 반월상 연골 손상으로 진단되어 수술적 치료를 받은 총 329례 중 최소 1년 이상 추시관찰이 가능했던 80례를 대상으로 임상적 평가를 후향적으로 시행하였다. 환자의 평균 연령은 30.2세(15세$\~$47세), 평균 추시기간은 1년 3개월(1년$\~$3년 3개월)이었다. 80례를 원판형 연골 손상군과 비 원판형 연골 손상군, 운동 선수군과 비 운동선수군 및 봉합술 시행군과 절제술 시행군으로 분류하고 Tegner 활동도와 Lysholm score를 이용하여 임상적 평가를 시행하였다. 결과 : 비 원판형 연골군에서 종파열의 빈도와 봉합술 시행의 빈도가 원판형 연골군보다 더 높았으며 운동 선수군에서 봉합술이 더 많이 시행되었다. 봉합술 시행군에서 절제술 시행군보다 통계학적으로 의미있는 우수한 임상결과를 보였다. 결론 : 외측 반월상 연골은 절제술 시행 후 불안정성을 초래할 수 있고 봉합술이 수기상 용이하지는 않으나 더 나은 술 후 성적을 얻기 위해서는 종파열뿐만 아니라 수평파열 및 복합파열에서도 부분절제술 후 가능한 한 봉합술을 시행하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.185-199
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• 1999

The purpose of the present study was to investigate craniofacial patterns in Korean male and female adults, and to compare morphologic differences between different facial types. In order to get configurational groupings, standardized lateral and P-A cephalograms of 174 Korean adults were measured and analyzed with seven angular, nineteen linear, four ratio, and two index measurements. Ward's minimum variance cluster analysis was employed to divide the sample into groups having similar craniofacial morphology, and thereafter, inductive statistics(t-test) was used to characterize morphologic differences of the divided groups. And also, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess correlation between the cranial dimensions and upper/lower anterior facial height(UAFH, LAFH) in each facial types for both male and female The results were as follows; 1. There existed sexual dimorphism in most of variables except SN-FH angle, palatal plane angle, facial axis angle, facial index, lower anterior facial height ratio and upper facial height ratio. 2. A brachycephalic headform ($0.84{\pm}0.05$) with leptoprosopic facial form ($0.92{\pm}0.05$) was appeared in male, and a mesocephalic headform ($0.86{\pm}0.06$) with leptoprosopic facial form ($0.92{\pm}0.04$) was exhibited in female. 3. Facial types in both male and female subjects were divided into two groups, Group A (mesoprosopic facial type) and Group B (leptoprosopic facial type). The morphologic differences between Group A and Group B were as follows: a. Cranial measurements including index, angular and linear measurements were not found to be different between Group A and Group B in both sexes. b. Increased UAFH, LAFH, and upper/lower anterior dental heights were exhibited in Group Bs of both male and female. c. In both male and female, ramus height and mandible length showed no difference between Group A and Group B. However, genial angle was found to be larger in Group B than Group A. Therefore, the morphologic differences between two groups in male and female were closely related to less favorable anatomic morphology of the mandible. 4. LAFH and UAFH showed no relationships with cranial dimensions in male and female.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.3-7
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• 2006

Purpose: The nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve(NRLN) is a rare anomaly that is associated with the developmentally aberrant subclavian artery. Although rare on the right side and exceptional on the left, an aberrant nonrecurrent pathway for RLN represents a major surgical risk. Three course variations of right NRLN can be distinguished: descending(type I) , horizontal(type II), ascending(type III). This study is performed to characterize the variations of NRLN, associated vascular anomaly, and proper surgical methods for preventing nerve damage. Materials and Methods: Between January 1998 and March 2006 3,381 thyroidectomy were performed at our institution, and during these operations a nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve was observed in 13 cases (0.38%). There were 1 men and 12 women with a median age of 48 years(range 28-57). All of them are identified on the right side. Results: In all cases, there were no clinical symptoms observed preoperatively. The nerve anomaly was diagnosed preoperatively in only one case. There were type I variations of right RLN in 2 cases and type II variations in 11 cases. The retroesophageal aberrant right subcalvian artery; no innominate(brachiocephalic) artery was found and the right common carotic artery was arising directly from the aortic arch, was seen in 12 cases. A vocal cord palaysis caused by NRLN damage during operation was observed in one patient(7.6%) , where the nerve was close to the superior thyroid artery. No other complications were noted. Conclusion: It can be possible to predict NRLN from signs associated with the vascular anomaly; clinical symptoms or imaging studies. When an vascular anomaly is not detected preoperatively, overlooking possibility of NRLN may lead to severe operative morbidity. Hence, It is most important to identify all the thyroid structures carefully during thyroid surgery and to be aware of the possibility of anatomic variations of RLN.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2010

Purpose: The goals of a blow-out fracture reconstruction are to restore the osseous continuity, provide support for the orbital contents and prevent functional and anatomic defects. Over the past several years, a range of autogenous and synthetic implants have been used extensively in orbital reconstructions. None of these implants have any absolute indications or contraindications in certain clinical settings. However, in extensive blow-out fractures, it is difficult to restore support of the orbital contents, which can cause more complications, such as enophthalmos. This study examined the clinical outcomes of extensive or comminuted blow-out fractures that were reconstructed by the simultaneous use of a titanium mesh plate and $Medpor^{(R)}$. Methods: Eighty six patients with extensive orbital fractures, who were admitted between March 1999 and February 2007, were reviewed retrospectively. The patients' chart and CT were inspected for review. Twenty three patients were operated on with both a titanium mesh plate (Matrix MIDFACE pre-formed orbital plate, Synthes, USA) and $Medpor^{(R)}$ (Porex, GA, USA). The patients underwent pre-operative CT scans to evaluate the fracture site and measure the area of the fracture. A transconjunctival approach was used, and titanium mesh plates were inserted subperiosteally with screw fixation. $Medpor^{(R)}$ was inserted above the titanium mesh plate. The patients were evaluated post-operatively for enophthalmos, diplopia, sensory disturbances and eyeball movement for a period of at least 6 months. Results: No implant-related complications were encountered during the follow-up period. Enophthalmos occurred in 1 patient, 1 patient had permanent sensory disturbance, and 3 patients complained of ocular pain and fatigue, which recovered without treatment. Although there were no significance differences between groups, the use of 2 implants had fewer complications. Therefore, it can be an alternative method for treating blow out fractures. Conclusion: The use of both a titanium mesh plate and $Medpor^{(R)}$ simultaneously may be a safe and acceptable technique in the reconstruction of extensive blow-out fractures.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2004

목적: 근골격계 종물의 진단에 있어 초음파 유도하 생검의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2003년 8월 사이에 본원 정형외과를 내원한 환자 중 연부조직 종물을 가지는 환자의 진단을 위하여 조직 생검이 필요하였던 5 5명 환자를 대상으로 하여 전향적인 연구를 하였다. 조직검사는 초음파 유도하에서 조직의 채취 부위에 국소마취하에 시행하였으며 14 gauge 또는 18 gauge의 굵은 바늘을 사용하여 5~6개의 조직을 얻을때까지 시행하였다. 통계적인 분석은 임상적으로 치료가 가능하였던 11명의 환자와 수술적 절제 후 조직의 최종 확인이 가능한 38명을 포함하여 49명을 대상으로 하였다. 결과: 불충분한 조직을 얻은 경우나 조직학적 진단이 불가능한 6명의 환자를 제외하고 정확한 진단은 49명의 환자중 47명의 환자에서 얻을 수 있어 정확도는 96%였고 민감도는 90%, 특이도는 100%였다. 전체 55명의 환자중 89%(49명)에서 조직학적 진단이 가능한 충분한 조직을 얻을 수 있었다. 모든 환자에서 특별한 부작용은 없었다. 결론: 초음파 유도하 생검은 연부 조직 종물의 정확한 위치에 바늘을 위치시킬 수 있어 연부조직 종양의 진단이나 골종양의 진단에서 골외 부분이 있는 경우 시행할 수 있는 안전하면서 유용한 방법이라 생각된다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.121-123
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• 2002

The design of an air seat cushion for preventing decubitus ulcer includes many design factors such as the even distribution of interface pressure, the minimization of mean and peak interface pressure values, and the reduction of interface shear force and pressure gradient. It involves the anatomic condition of plegia's buttock as well as air pressure in air cells of cushion. As a result, a suitable design of the cushion satisfying the all requirements is a difficult problem. Therefore, an appropriate and effective numerical tool to develop an air cushion orthosis is required. The purpose of the present study was to develop an air seat cushion orthosis having optimized air cells for evenly distributed interface pressure between the buttock and cushion surface. For the purpose, an advanced finite element (FE) model for the design of air cushion was developed. Since the interface pressure and shear force behavior, as well as stress analyses were primary concern, a FE air cell model was developed and verified by the experiments. Then, the interactions of two cells were checked. Also, the human part of the developed numerical model includes every material property and geometry related to buttock and femoral parts. For construction of dimension data of buttock and femoral parts, CT scans were performed. A commercial FE program was employed for the simulation representing the seating process on the orthosis. Then, sensitive analyses were performed with varying design parameters. A set of optimal design parameters was found satisfying the design criteria of the orthosis. The results were utilized to produce a prototype of the orthosis. Experimentally, the buttock interface pressure distributions from the optimized and previous ones were compared. The new seat orthosis showed a significantly improved interface pressure characteristics compared to the most popular one in the market. The new orthosis will be used for the development of the AI(artificial intelligent) controlled seat orthosis fur prevention of decubitus ulcer fur various plegic patients and the elderly.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2006

목적: 유상피 육종은 매우 드물며 예후 예측이 힘든 육종이다. 본 연구는 병기, 잔존 종양의 유무, ezrin 발현과 유상피 육종의 임상 양상과의 관계를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 23예를 대상으로 하였다. 전 예에서 수술을 시행하였으며 보조적 치료로 15예는 화학요법을, 6예는 방사선 치료를 하였다. 15예에서 면역조직화학 염색을 하였다. 분석한 인자는 병기, 보조적 요법, 국소 재발, 잔여 종양, 면역조직화학 결과, 절제연이었다. 결과: 15예의 병기 II및 III 환자의 무병 생존율은 129 개월에 47.4%, 8예의 병기 IV환자의 실질 생존율은 80개월에 37.5%였다. 재 절제한 병리 표본에 잔존 종양의 존재 유무가 무병생존에 유의한 인자였다(P=0.03). 보조적 요법의 유무가 치료 결과와 상관은 없었다. 병기 IV와 국소 재발한 예에서 Ezrin 발현이 호발하는 경향이 있었다. 결론: 잔존 종양의 유무가 예후에 중요하였으며 보조적 치료는 결과에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. Ezrin 발현과 예후 사이의 상관 관계를 알기 위해 좀더 많은 증례 분석이 요구된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.931-938
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• 1998

연구배경 : 대혈관전위증에 있어서 동맥전환술은 현재 가장 적절한 치료방법이 되었다. 비교적 최근에 개심술을 시작한 저자들 병원에서의 신생아 동맥전환술의 성적을 후향적으로 분석해 보고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 1991년 10월부터 1997년 11월까지 총 33명의 신생아에서 동맥전환술을 시행하였고 진단별로는 온전한 심실중격을 갖고 있는 대혈관전위증이 27례, 심실중격결손을 갖고 있는 대혈관전위증이 3례, Taussig- Bing anomaly가 3례였다. 환아들의 평균나이는 10.9$\pm$7.9일, 평균체중은 3.29$\pm$0.44kg이었다. 결과: 전체 술후 병원사망은 10례로 30.3%의 사망률을 보였다. 이를 수술시기적으로 나누어 보면, 1994년 이전은 모두 8례 중 6례 사망하여 75%, 1994년과 1995년 2년동안은 10례 중 2례 사망하여 20%, 1996년 이후는 15례 중 2례 사망하여 13.3%로 시간이 지남에 따라 수술사망률이 감소함을 보였다. 수술사망에 관여하는 위험요소는 초기의 수술과 응급수술이나 좋지 못한 술전상황을 하나이상 갖고 있는 경우가 수술사망의 위험요소로 파악되었다. 만기사망은 2명에서 발생하였으며 생존한 21명 전원에서 평균 17.4$\pm$16.5개월동안 추적관찰이 가능하였다. 모두 NYHA functional class I의 양호한 상태로 잘 성장하고 있으며 1례에서 경한 폐동맥협착증과 2례에서 경도의 대동맥폐쇄부전증이 심장초음파검사에서 발견되었다. 결론 : 대혈관전위증을 갖고 있는 신생아에서의 동맥전환술은 그 수술성적이 경험이 쌓임에 따라 많이 향상되고 있고 또한, 수술생존자의 만기성적이 매우 양호함을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.893-901
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• 1994

Forty nine patients [M: 31, F: 18], age from 2 months to 17 years [mean= 4.9 years], underwent operations, from April 1986 to December 1992, for the relief of subvalvular aortic stenosis in normal atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections.There were 4 anatomic types of subaortic stenosis : membranous in 29 cases [59.2%], fibromuscular in 11 [22.4%], diffuse tunnel type in 7 [14.3%], and miscellaneous in 2 cases. Thirty four patients [69.4%] had associated cardiac anomalies, of which ventricular septal defect was the most common [27 cases]. Other anomalies were patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, valvular aortic stenosis, double chambered right ventricle [DCRV], infundibular pulmonic stenosis, persistent left superior vena cava, and rigt aortic arch. Mean systolic pressure gradient between the left ventricle and ascending aorta was 26.4$\pm$17.6 mmHg : 13.1$\pm$17.6mmHg in the membranous type, 22.0$\pm$18.4mmHg in the fibromucular type, and 56.1$\pm$38.4mmHg in the diffuse tunnel type. Operative procedures were determined according to the type of subvalvular aortic stenosis : simple excision of subaortic membrane in the membranous type [29 cases], left ventricular myectomy with or without myotomy or fibrous tissue excision in the fibromuscular type [11 cases]. Among the 7 of diffuse tunnel type cases, ventricular myectomy was performed in 2 and a modified Konno operation was performed in 5 . Postoperative follow up was made with periodic echocardiography. The Mean postoperative follow up period was 33.8 months. There were 2 hospital mortalities [4.1%] and 2 late deaths. Residual stenosis remained in 3 cases and recurrence developed in 2 cases during the follow up period. 5 years actuarial survival rate was 91.8$\pm$3.9% and 5 year complication free rate was 72.3$\pm$10.4%. Conclusions : 1. Subvalvular aortic stenosis should be relieved completely as soon as possible when diagnosed, regardless of left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient. 2. Good results were obtained using only simple excision of subaortic membrane in the membranous type of subaortic stenosis. However, aortoventriculoplasty [modified Konno prodedure] was necessary for good results in the diffuse tunnel type. 3. Periodic postoperative echocardiography was helpful in detecting the progression of residual stenosis and development of new stenosis.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 1996

After transplantation of groin free flap was sucessed by the Daniel and Taylor in 1973, the reconstruction of plastic surgery was extensive and universal due to rapidly developement of anatomic study of the donor site and technique of microvascular surgery. The free tissue transfers is possible to be early activity and rehabilitation by one stage operation. It currently available allow transfer of specific tissue quality as bone, muscle, nerve to achieve a functional and cosmetic result as well as the most favorable secondary defect. But free flaps require critical, skillful technique and lengthy operating time. Also it has disadvantage of donor site morbity at the large tissue transfer. Authors were transferred with 107 cases in 103 patients from May 1987 to June 1996, and then we analysed free tissue transfer to acquire more increased sucess rate, satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. The sexual distribution was male prominent in 79 cases(76.7%), female in 24(23.3%) and age was variable distribution from 3 to 76 years old. The cause of defects was most prevalent in trauma of traffic and industrial accident in 51 cases(49%). The common recipient site were lower extremities in 47 cases(43.9%), upper extremities in 28 cases(26.5%), head and neck in 25 cases(23.4%), and trunk in 7 cases(6.5%). The type of transfer were free skin flaps in 46 cases(43%), free muscle or musculocutaneous flaps in 31 cases(29%), free vasculized or osteocutaneous flaps in 10 cases(9.3%), and specilized free flaps in 20 cases(18.7%). The anastomosis of artery was end to end anastomosis in 94 cases(87.9%), end to side anastomosis in 13 cases(12.1%) and all vein was end to end anastomosis. The number of anastomosed vessels were one artery one vein in 62 cases(57.9%), one artery two vein in 45 cases(42.1%) and vein graft was performed only one case. The postoperative mornitoring were used with temperature, color of flap, capillary refilling time, ultrasonogram, bone scan, doppler, and endoscopy. The reexploration was performed in 9 cases(8.4%), and then flap was loss in 3 cases(2.8%). Accordingly overall success rate was 97.2%. The postoperative complication was early vascular occlusion, hematoma, partial necrosis and late bulkiness, scarring, color dismatch etc. Therefore, free tissue transfer is the preferred method of treatment, even through conventional local and distant flaps are available.