• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2000

Shini-San has been used for treatment of allergic disease in Korea. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. The mast cell plays a pivotal role in initiating al1ergic response by secreting intracytoplasmic granular mediators such as histamine. The present report describes an inhibitory effect of Shini-San on mast cell-mediated immediate-type al1ergic reactions. Topical application of compound 48/80 can induce an ear swelling response in normal ($WBB6F_1-+/+$) mice but not in congenic mast cell-deficient $WBB6F_1-W/W^v$ mice. Shini-San inhibited concentration dependent mast cell-dependent ear swelling response induced by compound 48/80 in normal mice. Shini-San inhibited concentration-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE) in rats by topical application. Shini-San also inhibited in concentration-dependent fashion the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, Shini-San had a significant inhibitory effect on compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic reaction. These results indicate that Shini-San inhibits immediate-type allergic reactions by inhibition of mast cell degranulation in vivo and in vitro.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.110-115
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• 2004

The immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliata L. or Ponciri fructus (PF), well known as 'Jisil' in Korea, have been used against allergic diseases for generations, and still occupy an important place in traditional Oriental medicine. Anti-allergic effects of this fruit have been investigated in a few experimental models. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the principal immunoglobulin involved in immediate hypersensitivities and chronic allergic diseases. The effect of an aqueous extract of PF on in vivo and in vitro IgE production was investigated. PF dose-dependently inhibited the active systemic anaphylaxis and serum IgE production induced by immunization with ovalbumin, Bordetelia pertussis toxin and aluminum hydroxide gel. PF strongly inhibited interleukin 4 (IL-4)-dependent IgE production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine whole spleen cells. In the case of U266 human IgE-bearing B cells, Ponciri fructus also showed an inhibitory effect on the IgE production. On the other hand, mast cell hyperplasia can be causally related with chronic inflammation. Stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand of the c-kit protooncogene product, is a major regulator and ohernoattractant of mast cells. Ponciri fiuctus (1 mg/mL) significantly inhibited the SCF-induced migration of rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). RPMCs exposed to SCF (50 ng/mL) resulted in a drastic shape change with a polarized morphology while the cells exposed to Ponciri fructus (1 mg/mL) remained resting, with little or no shape alteration. The drastic morphological alteration and distribution of polymerized actin were blocked by pretreatment with Ponciri fructus. In addition, Ponciri fructus inhibited both TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion from RPMCs stimulated with SCF. These results suggest that Ponciri fructus has an anti-allergic activity by inhibition of IgE production from B cells. These findings also provide evidence that Ponciri fructu inhibits chemotactic response and inflammatory cytokines secretion to SCF in mast cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2012

Botulinum toxins are the most potent toxins known to mankind. Botulinum toxin acts by blocking the cholinergic neuromuscular or the cholinergic autonomic innervation of exocrine glands and smooth muscles. Seven distinct antigenic botulinum toxins (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) produced by different strains of Clostridium botulinum have been described and only A and B type of botulinum toxins were clinically used. Toxins were consisted of a heavy chain with a molecular weight of 100 kD and a light chain with a molecular weight of 50 kD. Toxins are bound with an astounding selectivity to glycoprotein structures located on the cholinergic nerve terminal. Subsequently light chain of toxin is internalized and cleaves different proteins of the acetylcholine transport protein cascade transporting the acetylcholine vesicle from the intracellular space into the synaptic cleft. After a decade of therapeutic application of the toxin, no anaphylaxis or deaths have been reported and systemic adverse effects have not been reported so far. However the toxin's immunologic properties can lead to the stimulation of antibody production, potentially rendering further treatments ineffective. Botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment. Use of botulinum toxin in clinical medicine has grown exponentially in recent years, and many parts of the human body are now being targeted for therapeutic purposes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 1995

A 38-year old man visited a private clinic complaining of epigastric discomfort for 2 months A huge hepatic cyst was found by sonography and computerized tomography. An exploratory Laparotomy was performed under the impression of hydatid disease. The cyst was successfully removed. A lot of living protoscolices of Echinocucur Sranulosus were found from the cystic fluid under light microscopy. During the operation, however. the cyst was accidentally ruptured and the cystic fluid spilled out. The patient was medicated with albendazole, and had been well without any signs of anaphylaxis or recurrence for 1 year follow-up period. He had been in Saudi Arabia for 3 years. This is the 16th case of hydatid disease reported in Korea and a case without immediate complication in spite of rupture of the cyst.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.81-95
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• 2008

Objectives: Whitmania pigra whitman (WP) has been used in herbal medicine to treat various conditions, such as eczema, skin burns and frostbites in herbal medicine. The purpose of this study is was to investigate the effect of WP on anti-allergy mechanism. Methods: To clarify the mechanism, the effect of WP on vascular permeability of rat cutaneous tissue and histamine and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, $TNF-{\alpha}$) released from mast cells were observed. Results: The results were 1. the pretreatment with WP significantly decreased the compound 48/80-induced degranulation and histamine release from RPMC 2. WP did not inhibit the anti-DNP IgE-induced increment of vascular permeability of rat cutaneous tissue 3. WP significantly reduced the PMA plus A23187-induced increment of expression of IL-6, IL-8, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in HMC-1 cells. Conclusions: The present study providesevidence that WP acid inhibits mast cell-derived inflammatory allergic reactions by blocking histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and suggest the mechanisms of action. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro anti-allergic effect of WP suggests a possible therapeutic application of this agent in inflammatory allergic diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1791-1798
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• 2006

When ginsenoside Rg5, a main component isolated from red ginseng, was incubated with three human fecal microflora for 24 h, all specimens showed hydrolyzing activity: all specimens produced ginsenoside Rh3 as a main metabolite, but a minor metabolite $3{\beta},12{\beta}$-dihydroxydammar-21(22),24-diene (DD) was observed in two specimens. To evaluate the antiallergic effect of ginsenoside Rg5 and its metabolites, the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg5 and its metabolite ginsenoside Rh3 against RBL-2H3 cell degranulation, mouse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction induced by the IgE-antigen complex, and mouse ear skin dermatitis induced by 12-O-tetradecanoilphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were measured. Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3 potently inhibited degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. These ginsenosides also inhibited mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in RBL-2H3 cells stimulated by IgE-antigen. Orally and intraperitoneally administered ginsenoside Rg3 and orally administered ginsenoside Rg5 to mice potently inhibited the PCA reaction induced by IgE-antigen complex. However, intraperitoneally administered ginsenoside Rg5 nearly did not inhibit the PCA reaction. These ginsenosides not only suppressed the swelling of mouse ears induced by TPA, but also inhibited mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-4 and activation of transcription factor NF-kB. These inhibitions of ginsenoside Rh3 were more potent than those of ginsenoside Rg5. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rg5 may be metabolized in vivo to ginsenoside Rh3 by human intestinal microflora, and ginsenoside Rh3 may improve antiallergic diseases, such as rhinitis and dermatitis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.724-730
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• 2013

We investigated the effects of orally administered probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus species) as allergic immune modulators in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with OVA twice at a 2-week interval for allergy sensitization. The mice were then orally administered Lactobacillus casei YIT9029 (L1), L. casei HY7201 (L2), L. brevis HY7401 (L3), or L. plantarum HY20301 (L4) every 2 days for 3 weeks. Total IgE levels significantly decreased in sera of L3-administered mice but increased in the other groups. OVA-specific IgE levels decreased slightly in sera of mice administered L1, L3, and L4 but increased significantly in L2-administered mice. In passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) using sera from administered mice, only the L3-administered group showed reaction inhibition. High expression of TLR-2 with interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ stimulation on peripheral blood mononuclear cells occurred in L3- or L4-administered mice. Th1 cytokines, including IFN-${\gamma}$ and interleukin (IL)-12, increased in splenocytes of L3-administered mice; however, IL-4 decreased in L1- and L4-administered groups; IL-5 decreased in all experimental groups. IL-6 decreased in the L3-administered group; and IL-10 decreased in L1-, L2-, and L3-administered groups. L3 induced antiallergic effects by increasing Th1 cytokines, decreasing Th2 cytokines, and inhibiting the PCA reaction, whereas L2 administration increased allergic effects.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.171-177
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• 1986

During last 48 months, in our department 51 patients with single or multiple herniated lumbar discs have received chemonucleolysis. Forty-one of 51 cases have single level herniation and remaining cases have multiple level. Age distribution were from 19 to 59 years old. Over 4 months(longest case: 18 months) follow up revealed as follows: 40 cases(78%) revealed excellent results: 4 cases(7.8%) received discectomy 3-6 months after chemonucleolysis because of recurred symtoms : no anaphylaxis and no major complications were noted.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effect of KOB, a polyherbal medicine for allergic rhinitis and its main herb, Astragali Radix on allergic responses in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced Allergic rhinitis(AR) mice. Methods : Sprague Dawley (SD)-rats were orally administrated with KOB (500 mg/kg), Astragali Radix water extract (ARW, 100 mg/kg) or anti-histamine drug, dosodium cromoglycate (50 mg/kg) as a reference drug, and then intraperitoneally injected with compound 48/80 (8 mg/kg). Rats were measured the mortality and serum levels of histamine. BALB/c mice were orally administrated with KOB (500 mg/kg), ARW (100 mg/kg) or anti-histamine drug, Ketotifen (10 mg/kg) as a reference drug, followed by sensitization and challenge of OVA. Mice were measured the serum levels of histamine and IgE, and observed histopathological changes of nasa mucosa H&E staining. Results : KOB and ARW significantly decreased the mortality and the serum levels of histamine in compound 48/80-induced anaphylatic rats. KOB and ARW also decreased the serum levels of histamine and IgE in OVA-induced AR mice, and inhibited histopathological changes of nasal mucosa with inflammation and the eosinophils infilteration. Conclusions : These data suggest that KOB has a strong anti-allergic effect through the inhibitory property of Astragali Radix, the main component of KOB against allergic responses in allergic rhinitis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.528-543
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• 1993

Vitamin E, which has its advocates in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. autoimmune disease, cancer and peripheral vascular and thromboembolic disease, has now been alleged to have a powerful antioxident effect and to affect various biological activities such as fertility factor, inhibition of human platelet aggregation and stabilization of biological membranes. The present study was designed to test whether vitamin I(alpha-tocopherol) can : (1) enhance the hemagglutinin response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), (2) modulate Arthus and delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) to SRBC and contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). (3) enhance the mitogenic response of murine splenocyte, (4) decrease the recovery of Cryptococcus neoformans from brain, lung, liver, spleen and kidney of infected mice and (5) have an inhibitory or enhancing effect on the induction of active systemic anaphylaxis(ASA) induced by chicken-gamma globulin (CGG) in mice. Mice were given either intramuscular injections of 0.3ml (300mg) of vitamin I before immunization or were infection for 10 consecutive days or were given by vitamin I esophageal intubation, 0.1ml(100mg), for 20 days before sacrifice for the mitogenic response experiments. It was found that vitamin E treated mice showed a significant enhancement in hemagglutinin response, Arthus reaction and DTH to SRBC and contact hypersensitivity to DNFB. There was no significant difference in the mitogenic response to phytohemagglutinin(PHA), but the response to concanavalin A(ConA) or pokeweed mitogem(PWM) was increased in vitamin E-treated mice. Interestingly, the vitamin E administration before C. neoformans infection decreased significantly the recovery of C. neoformans from brain lung, liver, spleen and kidney of the infected mice as compared with that of the control mice, strongly suggesting that vitamin E pretreatment may increase the resistance of mice to the fungal infection. Unexpectedly, vitamin E administration enhanced the production of CGG -induced ASA. Taken together, it can be concluded that vitamin I administration may in-crease the humoral and cellular immune response and resistance. to C. neoformans infection, but enhance the induction of ASA to CGG. Further studies are necessary to clarify the underlying mechanism accounting for these effects.