• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 다중안테나를 갖는 공간 다중화 시스템에서 주어진 채널에 대한 maximum likelihood 검출기의 성능을 수식적으로 유도하였다. 벡터 심볼 오차율을 구하기 위해 nearest neighbor의 방향을 나타내는 에러벡터를 정의하였다. 전송 벡터 심볼이 랜덤한 채널에 의해 변환 될 경우 확정적으로 4개의 nearest neighbor를 가짐을 정의된 에러벡터의 특성을 이용해 입증하였다 변형된 구 검출기로부터 획득 가능한 에러벡터와 최소거리 정보를 바탕으로 주어진 랜덤 채널 하에서 벡터 심볼 오차율을 수식적으로 도출하였다. 유도된 벡터 심볼 오차식을 검증하기 위해, 랜덤 채널을 unitary 채널, dense 채널, sparse 채널로 분류한 후 각 채널 상황에서 유도된 결과 식을 모의 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 모의실험 결과로부터 유도된 벡터 심볼 오차식이 다양한 랜덤 MIMO 채널에서 ML 검출기의 성능을 잘 근사하고 있음을 입증하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2013

Purpose: This study evaluated the feasibility of using a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) method as a preprocessing tool for visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (VIS/NIRS) with a spectroscopic transmittance dataset for predicting the internal quality of cherry tomatoes. Methods: VIS/NIRS was used to acquire transmittance spectrum data, to which a DWT was applied to generate new variables in the wavelet domain, which replaced the original spectral signal for subsequent partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis and prediction modeling. The DWT concept and its importance are described with emphasis on the properties that make the DWT a suitable transform for analyzing spectroscopic data. Results: The $R^2$ values and root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of calibration and prediction models for the firmness, sugar content, and titratable acidity of cherry tomatoes obtained by applying the DWT to a PLS regression with a set of spectra showed more enhanced results than those of each model obtained from raw data and mean normalization preprocessing through PLS regression. Conclusions: The developed DWT-incorporated PLS models using the db5 wavelet base and selected approximation coefficients indicate their feasibility as good preprocessing tools by improving the prediction of firmness and titratable acidity for cherry tomatoes with respect to $R^2$ values and RMSEs.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권4B호
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• pp.394-402
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 다수의 광섬유로 이루서진 광링크와 산재하여 있는 제한 영역 파장변환 능력을 가진 노드들로 구성된 광통신 망의 불통확률을 정확하게 계산할 수 있는 새로운 성능분석 모형을 제안한다. 제안하는 성능분석 모형은 다수의 광섬유로 이루어진 광링크 상에서 사용 가능한 파장들의 분포와 제한 영역 파장변환 이후의 사용 가능한 파장들의 분포, 그리고 다수의 광링크가 연결된 광경로에서의 불통 확률을 계산하기 위한 재귀적 공식을 도출함을 특징으로 한다. NSFNET 망에서 수행한 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 제안하는 성능분석 모형이 광통신 망의 불통확률을 정확히 예측함을 보인다. 또한, 파장 연속성 제약이 없는 경우의 이상적인 블통화률에 근접하는 성능을 얻기 위해서 소수의 제한영역 파장변환 노드와 소수의 광섬유만으로 구성된 광링크를 포설하는 것으로 충분함을 보인다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2019

In this study, the strength and stiffness (EI) of wood-concrete composite beams for bridges with T-shaped cross section were evaluated. Two types of connectors were used: connectors bonded with epoxy adhesive and connectors attached to the wood just by pre-drilling (without adhesive). The connectors consisted of common steel bars with a diameter of 12.5 mm. Initially, the strength and stiffness (EI) of the beams were analyzed by bending tests with the load applied at the third point of the beam. Subsequently, the composite beams were evaluated by numerical simulation using ANSYS software with focus on the connection system. To make the composite beams, Eucalyptus citriodora wood and medium strength concrete were used. The slip modulus K and the ultimate strength values of each type of connector were obtained by direct shear tests performed on composite specimens. The results showed that the connector glued with epoxy adhesive resulted in better strength and stiffness (EI) for the composite beams when compared to the connector fixed by pre-drilling. The differences observed were up to 10%. The strength and stiffness (EI) values obtained analytically by $M{\ddot{o}}hler^{\prime}$ model were lower than the values obtained experimentally from the bending tests, and the differences were up to 25%. The numerical simulations allowed, with reasonable approximation, the evaluation of stress distributions in the composite beams tested experimentally.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2008

Anisotropic materials are increasingly required in modern technological applications. Certainly, civil, mechanical and naval engineers frequently deal with the situation of analyzing the dynamical behaviour of structural elements being composed of such materials. For example, panels of anisotropic materials must sometimes support electromechanical engines, and besides, holes are performed in them for operational reasons e.g., conduits, ducts or electrical connections. This study is concerned with the natural frequencies and normal modes of vibration of rectangular anisotropic plates supported by different combinations of the classical boundary conditions: clamped, simply - supported and free, and with additional complexities such holes of free boundaries and attached concentrated masses. A variational approach (the well known Ritz method) is used, where the displacement amplitude is approximated by a set of beam functions in each coordinate direction corresponding to the sides of the rectangular plate. Consequently each coordinate function satisfies the essential boundary conditions at the outer edge of the plate. The influence of the position and magnitude of both hole and mass, on the natural frequencies and modal shapes of vibration are studied for a generic anisotropic material. The classical Ritz method with beam functions as spatial approximation proved to be a suitable procedure to solve a problem of such analytical complexity.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2014

Using the classical cascade voltage control strategy, this paper proposes an analytical solution to an MPC (Model Predictive Control) problem with a hexagonal input constraint set for the inner-loop to regulate the output voltage of the UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply). Focus is placed on how to deal with the hexagonal input constraint set without any approximation. Following the conventional cascade voltage control strategy, the PI (Proportional-Integral) controller is used in the outer-loop in order to regulate the output voltage. The simulation results illustrate that the capacitor voltage rapidly goes to its reference in a satisfactory manner while keeping other state variables bounded under an unexpected load changes.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.410-415
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• 2001

An analytical and numerical examination of second-order fractional-step methods and boundary condition for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented. In this study, the compatibility condition for pressure Poisson equation and its boundary conditions, stability, and numerical accuracy of canonical fractional-step methods has been investigated. It has been found that satisfaction of compatibility condition depends on tentative velocity and pressure boundary condition, and that the compatible boundary conditions for type D method and approximately compatible boundary conditions for type P method are proper for divergence-free velocity for type D and approximately divergence-free for type P method. Instability of canonical fractional-step methods is induced by approximation of implicit viscous term with explicit terms, and the stability criteria have been founded with simple model problems and numerical experiments of cavity flow and Taylor vortex flow. The numerical accuracy of canonical fractional-step methods with its consistent boundary conditions shows second-order accuracy except $D_{MM}$ condition, which make approximately first-order accuracy due to weak coupling of boundary conditions.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2010

Approximate analysis for a building installed with a friction damper is performed to get insight of its dynamic behavior. Energy balance equation is used to have a closed analytical form solution of dynamic magnification factor(DMF). It is found out that DMF is dependent on friction force ratio and resonance frequency. Approximation of DMF and equivalent damping ratio of a friction damper is proposed with such assumption that the building with a friction damper shows harmonic steady-state response and narrow banded response behavior near resonance frequency. Linear transfer function from input external force to output building displacement is suggested from the simplified DMF equation. Root mean square of a building displacement is derived under earthquake-like random excitation. Finally, design procedure of a friction damper is proposed by finding friction force corresponding to target control ratio. Numerical analysis is carried out to verify the proposed design procedure.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.327-338
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• 2009

In this paper, through an evaluation process conducted on several designs of mini-LIPCA (Lightweight Piezo-Composite curved Actuator), an optimal design of a mini-LIPCA has been proposed. Comparing with the LIPCA-C2, the design of the mini-LIPCA comes with reduced overall size and a thinner active layer. Since a variation in the number and lay-up of fiber composite layers may strongly affect the performance of the device, one is able to configure several designs of mini-LIPCA. The evaluation process is then followed in order to determine a configuration which characterizes the possibly optimal performance. That is, a design of a mini-LIPCA is said to be optimal if it is capable of producing a maximum out-of-plane displacement. The size of the LIPCA to be investigated was selected to be $10\;mm\;{\times}\;20\;mm$ in which the thickness of PZT plate is about 0.1 mm. The thickness of glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy are about 0.09 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The evaluation process has been conducted thoroughly, i.e., analytical estimation, numerical approximation and the experimental measurement are all involved. Firstly, the design equation was used to calculate essential parameters of proposed lay-up configurations. Secondly, ANSYS, a commercial FEA package, was utilized to estimate displacement outputs of the actuators upon being excited. Finally, experimental measurements were able to verify the predicted results.

• 에너지공학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.333-340
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• 1999

과냉수에서의 난류 증기응축 제트에 대한 수치해석 연구가 수행되었다. 증기와 과냉수 사이에 국부 균질유동을 가정하고 난류 특성은 난류 확산화염에서 사용되는 $textsc{k}$-$\varepsilon$-g 모델을 사용하여 증기응축 유동 현상에 대한 물리적 모델을 제안하였다. 즉, 난류는 난류 운동 에너지와 운동 에너지 소멸률로 모사되고 증기와 과냉수의 혼합률비에 대한 평균값과 변동량에 대한 미분 방정식을 추가하여 직접 풀고 혼합률비에 확률분포 함수를 적용하여 열역학 변수의 평균값을 구한다. 증기 질량 유속, 과냉수 온도와 노즐 직경을 변화시키며 증기응축제트의 특성을 해석하였다. 본 해석에 사용된 모델을 평가하기 위해 기존의 실험 데이터를 사용해서 수치해석 결과와 실험치를 비교하여 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다.