• 한방비만학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.80-94
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to re-evaluate the importance of questions of obesity syndrome differentiation (OSD) questionnaire based on real-world survey and to explore the possibility of simplifying OSD types. Methods: The OSD frequency was identified, and variance threshold feature selection was performed to filter the questions. Filtered questions were clustered by K-means clustering and hierarchical clustering. After principal component analysis (PCA), the distribution patterns of the subjects were identified and the differences in the syndrome distribution were compared. Results: The frequency of OSD in spleen deficiency, phlegm (PH), and blood stasis (BS) was lower than in food retention (FR), liver qi stagnation (LS), and yang deficiency. We excluded 13 questions with low variance, 7 of which were related to BS. Filtered questions were clustered into 3 groups by K-means clustering; Cluster 1 (17 questions) mainly related to PH, BS syndromes; Cluster 2 (11 questions) related to swelling, and indigestion; Cluster 3 (11 questions) related to overeating or emotional symptoms. After PCA, significant different patterns of subjects were observed in the FR, LS, and other obesity syndromes. The questions that mainly affect the FR distribution were digestive symptoms. And emotional symptoms mainly affect the distribution of LS subjects. And other obesity syndrome was partially affected by both digestive and emotional symptoms, and also affected by symptoms related to poor circulation. Conclusions: In-depth data mining analysis identified relatively low importance questions and the potential to simplify OSD types.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.149-160
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between the patterns of elementary school teachers' explanations and the patterns of students' questions types on scientific phenomena. for the purposes of this study, we collected questions related to scientific phenomena from 255 $3rd{\sim}6th$ students in 2 elementary schools. Classifying the students' questions collected, 20 representative questions for each type were selected. Data regarding teachers' scientific explanation from 62 teachers of 3 elementary schools were also collected. The results of the analysis of the questions for each science field show that the students in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades have the most questions regarding biology, and those in the 6th grade have more questions regarding earth science. Regarding question types, object exploration questions and explican exploration questions formed the majority. Moreover, the higher the students' grades, a decrease in the number of conjectural questions and an increase in the number of causal questions were observed. As a result of the analysis of the teachers' explanation, the following explanation types could be discerned; conjecture, hypothesis, prediction, teleological explanation, information given to feed exploration questions, as well as verification and information supply fer verification purposes. There were 4 kinds of relationships between question types and explanation types. One was the explanation fitting to each question type, a second was the explanation with additional content than the question required, a third was where the explanation was inappropriate to the question, and a forth was where the teacher responded that they "don't know." This study, investigating the relationships between questioning as a scientific inquiry process and explanation, will help to promote discussion regarding science classes in elementary school.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of questions of energy field in the elementary science textbooks and to know the preference types of questions of students by grade. To accomplish this study, the analyzing framework on the types of questions was made and ensured the validity. To know students' preference types of questions, a questionnaire was made and the survey was conducted to the students of D elementary school in B city. The results can be summarized as follows: First, of the questions in the elementary science textbooks, the types of limited question were the most frequent(56%) and the next was the type of relevant question(41.82%). In the type of limited question, the element of propositional type was the most frequent and in the type of relevant question, the element of applicable type was the most frequent. Second, from the result of analyzing students' preference types of questions by grade using questionnaire, we could find as follows. Most of the graders chose retrospective type of question as the easy types of questions. And 3, 4, 6th graders chose justificative type and 5th graders chose applicable type as the difficult ones. Third, as interesting type and want-to-select type, 3th graders students chose propositional type and 4, 5th graders chose retrospective type and 6th graders chose inferring type.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.281-297
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• 2012

수학과 평가는 학생들의 수학적 사고력과 성취도를 측정하는데 있다. 또한 이를 분석 활용하여 수학교육의 질을 높이는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 평가는 좋은 문항제작에서부터 시작된다. 이에 본고는 문항제작 관련 이론을 고찰하고, 교육목표에 따른 예시 문항과 문항제작시의 유의점을 살펴보며, 계획 단계, 초안 문항제작 단계, 검토 단계, 최종 문항제작 단계 등 단계별 문항제작의 실제를 안내하고자 한다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2007

In this paper, we analyze the scientific inquiries type on Almanac and Historical Astronomy asked through the Q&A service in Korea Astronomy and Science Institute(KASI) webpage with the aid of scientific inquiries analysis methods. We also study the contents of the questions. Specifically, we have created statistics of questions and inquiries, and have developed categories to analyze the characteristics of questions with regard to their cognitive aspects. Each question is categorized as either of the two elements based on their recognitive aspect: science knowledge or science study. Each element also has sub-categories that help the reader understand the characteristics of the questions. For the analysis, we used the sample consisting of questions collected from April, 2005 to June, 2007. Through this study, we achieved a better understanding of the questions in the area of Almanac and Historical Astronomy asked in the Q&A service. Throughout this study, we find that the need of questions in the area of Almanac and Historical Astronomy are increasing with time, and the overall quality of the questions is getting improved. As we expect that the number of people using our Q&A service will increase and that the questions will get more difficult to answer, development of improved contents is required.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the data regarding questions raised by women with breast cancer through Internet counseling in Korea. Methods: The data were collected from one internet web-site, providing counseling by physicians. A total of 617 questions were analyzed by content analysis method. Results: About 90 percent of the counselees were patients themselves. But most of the general and health-related characteristics of them were not known from the data. As a result of content analysis, 617 questions were grouped into 9 major categories. The most common major category was identified as "life after treatment" (212 questions, 34.2%), followed by "chemotherapy" (139 questions, 22.3%) and "hormone therapy" (115 questions, 18.9%). Questions regarding "physical symptoms" were the most frequent one in the major categories of "life after treatment", "chemotherapy", and "radiotherapy", while questions regarding "psychological problems" were the least. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that it is important for health professionals to provide continuous on-line informational support to women with breast cancer, even after all the treatment is over, especially focusing on physical symptoms. In addition, off-line program needs to be reinforced to provide emotional support that is not well delivered by on-line program.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2008

Purpose: This was a methodological research to develop an instrument to assess the emotional response of family members of physically restrained patients. Methods: A primary instrument with 68 questions was developed based on literature review and semi-structured interviews with family members. A group of experts revised individual questions and removed 4 irrelevant questions. This secondary instrument, then, was tested with 199 family members of physically restrained patients in intensive care units of a university hospital. The validity and reliability of the instrument were tested by factor analysis. Results: After item analysis, 3 questions with a correlation coefficient under .30 were discarded and the questions with a factor loading under .45 on Varimax Rotation were also removed. After factor analysis on the final 37 questions, 7 factors were identified; avoidance, shock, helplessness, grudge, depression, anxiousness, and acceptance. The total variance explained was 55.63%. The reliability of this instrument was 0.93 of Cronbach's alpha. Conclusion: This instrument was statistically reliable and valid to measure family's emotional response to physical restraints of the patients. This instrument can be useful in assessing the effects of nursing interventions for family members of restrained patients.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.64-76
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the nurses' attitude scale toward advance directives of patients. Methods : We translated and back-translated the original tool consisting of 20 questions and tested and verified its content validity. Questions for which its content validity has been verified, a preliminary investigation was conducted among 20 nurses working in ICU, followed by the actual investigation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 for Windows and Mac and AMOS version 24.0. To verify the validity, an item analysis was conducted for all 398 samples, and then an exploratory factor analysis for 200 samples that were randomly selected, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis for the remaining 198 samples. Results : Korean version of advance directives attitude scale (K-ADAS) consisting of 14 questions - 7 questions on 'patient rights,' 4 questions on 'role of a nurse,' and 3 questions on 'ethical judgment' - was verified its validity and reliability. Conclusion : In this study, the validity and reliability of the K-ADAS have been verified. We expect the verified tool to be useful in various fields that measuring the nurses' attitude toward advance directives of patients.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.2718-2731
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• 2023

This paper presents a method of using syntax and shallow semantic analysis for Vietnamese question generation (QG). Specifically, our proposed technique concentrates on investigating both the syntactic and shallow semantic structure of each sentence. The main goal of our method is to generate questions from a single sentence. These generated questions are known as factoid questions which require short, fact-based answers. In general, syntax-based analysis is one of the most popular approaches within the QG field, but it requires linguistic expert knowledge as well as a deep understanding of syntax rules in the Vietnamese language. It is thus considered a high-cost and inefficient solution due to the requirement of significant human effort to achieve qualified syntax rules. To deal with this problem, we collected the syntax rules in Vietnamese from a Vietnamese language textbook. Moreover, we also used different natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze Vietnamese shallow syntax and semantics for the QG task. These techniques include: sentence segmentation, word segmentation, part of speech, chunking, dependency parsing, and named entity recognition. We used human evaluation to assess the credibility of our model, which means we manually generated questions from the corpus, and then compared them with the generated questions. The empirical evidence demonstrates that our proposed technique has significant performance, in which the generated questions are very similar to those which are created by humans.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.167-185
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• 2012

본 연구는 생물 예비교사의 과학수업모형을 적용한 수업시연에 나타난 질문 유형을 분석하여 수업 전문성 향상을 위한 개선점을 찾는데 목적이 있다. 질문 유형을 분석하기 위한 질문 분석틀은 크게 범주1(인지적 영역질문, 탐구기능질문, 정의적 영역 질문), 범주2(반복질문, 범위를 좁히는 질문, 연습 질문), 범주3(학생활동 진행 질문, 기억 질문, 사고 질문) 질문 유형으로 구분되었다. 5가지 과학수업 모형을 적용한 생물 예비교사의 질문 유형을 분석한 결과, 인지적 영역질문과 기억질문이 가장 높은 빈도를 나타냈다. 순환학습모형에서는 인지적 영역 질문이 가장 많이 나타났고, 특히, 학생활동 진행형 질문은 순환학습모형의 '1차 개념도입단계'와 실험을 수행한 '2차 탐색단계'에서 많이 사용되어 단계의 특징을 나타내고자 하였다. 발견학습모형은 관찰과 측정, 분류, 일반화 과정이 통합되어 있으나 수업시연에서는 기억질문이 많았고, 탐구기능 질문의 비중이 낮게 나타났다. 탐구학습모형에서도 기억질문이 많았고, 다른 수업모형에 비해 탐구기능 질문이 탐구학습모형의 '실험설계단계'와 '실험단계'에서 많이 나타났다. STS수업모형에서는 정의적 영역질문과 사고질문이 다른 수업모형에 비해 많이 나타났다. 개념변화학습모형에서는 기억질문을 많이 사용하여 개념변화학습모형의 모든 단계에서 학생들의 오개념을 자극하고 과학적 개념의 수정에 많은 도움을 주었다.