• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.212-219
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• 2016

Forty-nine pigments were extracted from the collections of 106 pigment producing bacteria from the plant rhizosphere soil. Antibacterial activity test was performed in the subjects of the extracted pigments with plant pathogenic bacteria including Xanthomonas axonopodis and Xanthomonas campestris, and with plant pathogenic fungi including Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Fusarium oxysporum. The yellow pigment by Chryseobacterium sp. RBR9 and the red pigment by of Methylobacterium sp. RI13 showed the antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas axonopodis and Xanthomonas campestris. The violet pigment by Collimonas sp. DEC-B5 showed the antibacterial activity as well as the antifungal activities against Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum. Especially, the violet pigment inhibited the growth of Botrytis cinerea more than 65% at MIC $20{\mu}M$. Upon the HPLC analysis result for the isolation of pigment with antifungal activity, violacein (91.6%) and deoxyviolacein (8.4%) were isolated for the pigment by Collimonas sp. DEC-B5. The production amount of the pigment was increased more than 10 times higher when D-mannitol 1.5% and yeast extract 0.2% were added as the nitrogen source to SCB medium. This study suggests that produced violacein by Collimonas sp. DEC-B5 will be effective to control strawberry gray-mold rot fungi by its preventive activity.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.387-392
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• 1998

To establish a monthly data collection planning for the Ocean Scanning Multispectral Imager (OSMI), we have examined the global patterns of three impacting factors: pigment concentration, cloud cover, and sun glint. Other than satellite mission constraints (e.g., duty cycle), these three factors are considered critical for the OSMI data collection. The Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) monthly mean products and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) monthly mean products (C2) were used for the analysis of pigment concentration and cloud cover distributions, respectively. And the monthly simulated patterns of sun glint were produced by performing the OSMI orbit prediction and the calculation of sun glint radiances at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA). Using monthly statistics (mean and/or standard deviation) of each factor in the above for a given 10$^{\circ}$ latitude by 10$^{\circ}$ longitude grid, we generated the priority map for each month. The priority maps of three factors for each month were subsequently superimposed to visualize the impact of three factors in all. The initial results illustrated that a large part of oceans in the summer hemisphere was classified into the low priority regions because of seasonal changes of clouds and sun illumination. Sensitivity tests were performed to see how cloud cover and sun glint affect the priority determined by pigment concentration distributions, and consequently to minimize their seasonal effects upon the data collection planning.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.60-69
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• 2013

Purified melanin pigment from Klebsiella sp. GSK was characterized by thermogravimetric, differential thermal, X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. This melanin pigment is structurally amorphous in nature. It is thermally stable up to $300^{\circ}C$ and emits a strong exothermic peak at $700^{\circ}C$. Its carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen composition is 47.9%, 6.9% and 12.0%, respectively. It was used to scavenge metal ions and free radicals. After immobilizing the pigment and using it to adsorb copper and lead ions, the metal ion adsorption capacity was evaluated by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and the identity of melanin functional groups involved in the binding of metal ions was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Batch adsorption studies showed that 169 mg/g of copper and 280 mg/g of lead were adsorbed onto melanin-alginate beads. The metal ion adsorption capacity of the melanin-alginate beads was relatively significant compared to alginate beads. The metal ion desorption capacity of HCl was greater (81.5% and 99% for copper and lead, respectively) than that of EDTA (80% and 71% for copper and lead, respectively). The ability of the melanin pigment to scavenge free radicals was evaluated by inhibition of the oxidation of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and was shown to be about 74% and 98%, respectively, compared with standard antioxidants.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.674-681
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• 2023

Bile pigment, bilirubin, and biliverdin concentrations may change as a results of biliary tract cancer (BTC) altering the mechanisms of radical oxidation and heme breakdown. We explored whether changes in bile pigment components could help distinguish BTC from benign biliary illness by evaluating alterations in patients with BTC. We collected bile fluid from 15 patients with a common bile duct stone (CBD group) and 63 individuals with BTC (BTC group). We examined the bile fluid's bilirubin, biliverdin reductase (BVR), heme oxygenase (HO-1), and bacterial taxonomic abundance. Serum bilirubin levels had no impact on the amounts of bile HO-1, BVR, or bilirubin. In comparison to the control group, the BTC group had considerably higher amounts of HO-1, BVR, and bilirubin in the bile. The areas under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses of the BVR and HO-1 were 0.832 (p<0.001) and 0.891 (p<0.001), respectively. Firmicutes was the most prevalent phylum in both CBD and BTC, according to a taxonomic abundance analysis, however the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was substantially greater in the BTC group than in the CBD group. The findings of this study showed that, regardless of the existence of obstructive jaundice, biliary carcinogenesis impacts heme degradation and bile pigmentation, and that the bile pigment components HO-1, BVR, and bilirubin in bile fluid have a diagnostic significance in BTC. In tissue biopsies for the diagnosis of BTC, particularly for distinguishing BTC from benign biliary strictures, bile pigment components can be used as additional biomarkers.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2001

Traditional culture technology of medicinal plants mainly depends on the field culture, which has many problems. With progress of modern culture technology, it has become possible to produce valuable secondary metabolites from medicinal plants. In this paper, we discuss about the pigment and saikosaponin production from too medicinal plants, Carthamus tinctorius and Bupleurum falcatum, through bioreactor culture system. A two-stage bioreactor culture system was established for the production of yellow and red pigments and saikosaponins by cell suspension cultures of Carthamus tinctorius and Bupleurum falcatum. In Carthamus tinctorius, balloon type airlift bioreactors and column type airlift bioreactors were employed for the tell culture and for the pigment production, respectively. The greatest pigment production was obtained on White medium supplemented with 4 mg/L kinetin, high levels of sucrose concentration and photosynthetic photon flux. In Bupleurum falcatum, adventitious roots were cultured in balloon type airlift bioreactors and the root growth was greatest on SH medium containing 5 mg/L IBA and 0.2 mg/L kinetin. HPLC analysis showed that the contents of main active saikosaponins a, c, and d in adventitious roots were almost the same as those in field cultured root.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.16
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• pp.138-153
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• 2015

Wooden standing Bodhisattva in the collection of the National Museum of Korea (Bon 8239) was purchased as part of the museum's Central Asian collection during the Museum of Japanese Goverment General of Korea. The wooden statue exhibiting classical characteristics of Song Dynasty Buddhist sculptures is colored on the whone. The result of condition check for exhibition in 2014, it has severely damaged, with discoloring and exfoliation in color pigment and crack of wood observed in various areas. The object was therefore treated for conservation. A series of analysis were performed also at this time to determine the production technique and the materials, including testing of the X-ray penetration depth, X-ray fluorescence analysis and wood species analysis. This revealed that the statue was made by joining several separate pieces of wood. As for color pigments, the white pigment was either chalk (CaCO₃) or gypsum(CaSO₄·2H₂O), and the green pigment was emerald green (Cu(C₂H₃O₂)₂·3Cu(AsO₂)₂). The red pigment appeared to be lead red(Pb₃O₄) and the blue pigment was ultramarine blue (3Na₂O·3Al₂O₃·6SiO₂·2Na₂S). All the pigments were repainted in later eras. The analysis, indicated that the wood was derived from a tree of the genus Populus, family Salicaceae. The wooden standing Bodhisattva was repaired and reinforced with natural materials and was brought to a stable condition necessary for display.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.333-342
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• 1999

This research was performed to investigate how the basic glaze change affected colour development at high temperature with a stable colorant (spinel structure CoAl2O4 pigment) The compounded pigment which is widely used for porcelain was also tested for the basic glazes adaptability. The data from the test were recorded in a computer data-base program. Therefore could be easily used in the study related with a pottery field. CoO : Al2O3 system spinel pigment of barium glaze lime glaze zinc glaze lead glaze and talc glaze were chosen for this study. The colors of Cobalt blue bright blue, blue purple were seen at the wave lengths of 455-480nm at the firing temperature of 1250$^{\circ}C$. Stable color were obtained from lime glaze bar-ium glaze zinc glaze. All the information in the database were used to examine all the possible result of the test in the study of porcelain. When the test results database were examined in all temperature ranges the lack of adhesion with the pigment occurred at the temperature of 1150$^{\circ}C$. The lack of adhesion is seen due to vaporization of the lead glaze.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 2008

This paper described the study of a sphene-pink pigment based on $Cr_2O_3-SnO_2-CaO-SiO_2$ system exhibits stable pink-red color at high temperature. This study is focused on the optimization of the synthesis parameter such as temperature and holding time for the formation the Malayaite crystal. Malayaite crystal is sensitively influenced by the synthesizing temperature, maintaining time and contents of substituting chromium. The crystal phases formed at different temperatures exhibits various color. The optimum temperature is suggested at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 2 h and substituting contents of Cr for Sn is 0.01 mole. The maximum substituting contents is 0.02 mole based on analysis results by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and UV-vis.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.12-20
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• 2002

The analysis of danchung pigments at the Geunjeongjeon Hall in the Gyeongbokgung Palace were carried out by EXRF and MXRD. The analytical results showed that mineral pigments were employed for the inside of the Geunjeongjeon Hall. The main ingredients of green pigments were chalcanthite and celadonite. Red pigment was cinnnabar. It was also revealed that synthetic pigments were applied for the outside of the Hall. Yellow pigment was chrome yellow. The main ingredients of red pigments were red lead and hematite. Green pigments were emeral green and chrome green. Lazurite was employed for blue pigment and titanium dioxide for white one.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.610-612
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• 2011

We developed a spectrophotometric assay for the quantitative determination of chlorogenic acid based on the formation of green pigment at $50^{\circ}C$ under glycine and alkaline conditions in 96-well plates. The formation of green pigment was linear with a series of chlorogenic acid concentration (0-$300\;{\mu}M$). Using this method, the content of chlorogenic acid (12.42 mg/g dry weight) in the leaves of blueberry was quantified. This method is high-throughput, cost-effective, rapid, and easy to perform.