• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.317-322
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• 2022

The rapid development of information technology is also bringing about many changes in the medical environment. In particular, it is leading the rapid change of medical image information systems using big data and artificial intelligence (AI). The prescription delivery system (OCS), which consists of an electronic medical record (EMR) and a medical image storage and transmission system (PACS), has rapidly changed the medical environment from analog to digital. When combined with multiple solutions, PACS represents a new direction for advancement in security, interoperability, efficiency and automation. Among them, the combination with artificial intelligence (AI) using big data that can improve the quality of images is actively progressing. In particular, AI PACS, a system that can assist in reading medical images using deep learning technology, was developed in cooperation with universities and industries and is being used in hospitals. As such, in line with the rapid changes in the medical image information system in the medical environment, structural changes in the medical market and changes in medical policies to cope with them are also necessary. On the other hand, medical image information is based on a digital medical image transmission device (DICOM) format method, and is divided into a tomographic volume image, a volume image, and a cross-sectional image, a two-dimensional image, according to a generation method. In addition, recently, many medical institutions are rushing to introduce the next-generation integrated medical information system by promoting smart hospital services. The next-generation integrated medical information system is built as a solution that integrates EMR, electronic consent, big data, AI, precision medicine, and interworking with external institutions. It aims to realize research. Korea's medical image information system is at a world-class level thanks to advanced IT technology and government policies. In particular, the PACS solution is the only field exporting medical information technology to the world. In this study, along with the analysis of the medical image information system using big data, the current trend was grasped based on the historical background of the introduction of the medical image information system in Korea, and the future development direction was predicted. In the future, based on DICOM big data accumulated over 20 years, we plan to conduct research that can increase the image read rate by using AI and deep learning algorithms.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.251-273
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• 2022

Recently, research on applying text analysis to deep learning has steadily continued. In particular, researches have been actively conducted to understand the meaning of words and perform tasks such as summarization and sentiment classification through a pre-trained language model that learns large datasets. However, existing pre-trained language models show limitations in that they do not understand specific domains well. Therefore, in recent years, the flow of research has shifted toward creating a language model specialized for a particular domain. Domain-specific pre-trained language models allow the model to understand the knowledge of a particular domain better and reveal performance improvements on various tasks in the field. However, domain-specific further pre-training is expensive to acquire corpus data of the target domain. Furthermore, many cases have reported that performance improvement after further pre-training is insignificant in some domains. As such, it is difficult to decide to develop a domain-specific pre-trained language model, while it is not clear whether the performance will be improved dramatically. In this paper, we present a way to proactively check the expected performance improvement by further pre-training in a domain before actually performing further pre-training. Specifically, after selecting three domains, we measured the increase in classification accuracy through further pre-training in each domain. We also developed and presented new indicators to estimate the specificity of the domain based on the normalized frequency of the keywords used in each domain. Finally, we conducted classification using a pre-trained language model and a domain-specific pre-trained language model of three domains. As a result, we confirmed that the higher the domain specificity index, the higher the performance improvement through further pre-training.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.183-193
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• 2022

The growth inhibitory effect of Microcystis aeruginosa according to the ultrasonic irradiation time was evaluated using a large algae sample volume (10 L) for various ultrasonic irradiation times (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 hr) at a laboratory scale. Based on the analysis of Chl-a and cell number of M. aerginosa, algae growth inhibition was observed with the decrease in Chl-a and cell number in all experimental groups after the ultrasonic irradiation. For the experimental group (T_B, T_C, T_D) with an ultrasonic irradiation time of less than 2 hours, rapid regrowth of algae was observed after growth inhibition, but the experimental group (T_E, T_F, T_G) with an irradiation time of more than 2 hours successfully inhibited algal growth lasting one or two more days. Based on the comparison of the recovery time to initial cell number the experimental group (T_B, T_C, T_D) took less than 20 days whereas the experimental group (T_E, T_F, T_G) took about 30 days. Correspondingly, the experimental group showed a high first order decay rate (𝜅) in proportion to the ultrasonic irradiation time during the growth inhibition period. Additionally, the specific growth rates (𝜇) during regrowth in the experimental group with irradiation time of more than 2 hours were relatively low compared to those in the experimental group with less than 2 hours. Therefore, ultrasonic irradiation for more than 2 hours is required for long-term (30 days) inhibition of algal growth in stagnant waters. However, the appropriate ultrasonic irradiation time for algae growth inhibition should be determined according to various field conditions such as the volume of stagnant water, water depth, flow rate, algae concentration, etc. Finally, damages to the algal cell surface and cell membrane were clearly observed, and both destruction and disturbance of gas vesicles of M. aeruginosa in the experimental group were discovered, indicating the growth inhibitory effect of Microcystis aeruginosa according to the ultrasonic irradiation time was confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.80-89
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• 2022

In order to solve the limitations of horizontal thermal environment improvement, this study compared the thermal environment of the indoor and outdoor of a building in summer according to the presence or absence of a green curtain, a vertical greening method. In the summer of 2021, the air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and shortwave and longwave radiation were measured at a central point inside a building and the grass field outside of the building to determine the human thermal sensation index, PET and UTCI. As a result, the green curtain showed an average 1.6℃ cooler air temperature during the daytime, but it did not have an effect at night. For relative humidity, it showed higher humidity indoors by an average of 5.6% and 1.0% during the daytime and at night, respectively. Wind speed was 1.4-1.8 ms^-1 and 1.4-1.5 ms^-1 higher outdoors on average during the daytime and at night, respectively, showing a high value outdoors regardless of whether a green curtain was installed. The green curtain showed an average indoor mean radiant temperature reduction effect of 4.7℃ during the daytime, but it did not have an effect at night. In PET and UTCI, the green curtain reduced the indoor PET by about a 1/3 level, an average of 2.1℃, and the indoor UTCI by about a 1/6 level, an average of 1.1℃, during the daytime. However, no effects appeared in PET and UTCI at night. For landscape planning, a green curtain can effectively modify the thermal environment during the daytime in summer.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.5-24
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• 2022

The current performance evaluation of slope anchors qualitatively determines the physical bonding between the anchor head and ground as well as cracks or breakage of the anchor head. However, such performance evaluation does not measure these primary factors quantitatively. Therefore, the time-dependent management of the anchors is almost impossible. This study is an evaluation of the 3D numerical model by SfM which combines UAS images with terrestrial LiDAR to collect numerical data on the damage factors. It also utilizes the data for the quantitative maintenance of the anchor system once it is installed on slopes. The UAS 3D model, which often shows relatively low precision in the z-coordinate for vertical objects such as slopes, is combined with terrestrial LiDAR scan data to improve the accuracy of the z-coordinate measurement. After validating the system, a field test is conducted with ten anchors installed on a slope with arbitrarily damaged heads. The damages (such as cracks, breakages, and rotational displacements) are detected and numerically evaluated through the orthogonal projection of the measurement system. The results show that the introduced system at the resolution of 8K can detect cracks less than 0.3 mm in any aperture with an error range of 0.05 mm. Also, the system can successfully detect the volume of the damaged part, showing that the maximum damage area of the anchor head was within 3% of the original design guideline. Originally, the ground adhesion to the anchor head, where the z-coordinate is highly relevant, was almost impossible to measure with the UAS 3D numerical model alone because of its blind spots. However, by applying the combined system, elevation differences between the anchor bottom and the irregular ground surface was identified so that the average value at 20 various locations was calculated for the ground adhesion. Additionally, rotation angle and displacement of the anchor head less than 1" were detected. From the observations, the validity of the 3D numerical model can obtain quantitative data on anchor damage. Such data collection can potentially create a database that could be used as a fundamental resource for quantitative anchor damage evaluation in the future.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.85-103
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• 2023

The in-situ remediation of a solidified stratum containing a large amount of fine-texture material like clay or organic matter in contaminated soil faces limitations such as increased remediation cost resulting from decreased purification efficiency. Even if the soil conditions are good, remediation generally requires a long time to complete because of non-uniform soil properties and low permeability. This study assessed the remediation effect and evaluated the field applicability of a methodology that combines pneumatic fracturing, vacuum extraction, and plasma blasting (the PPV method) to improve the limitations facing existing underground remediation methods. For comparison, underground remediation was performed over 80 days using the experimental PPV method and chemical oxidation (the control method). The control group showed no decrease in the degree of contamination due to the poor delivery of the soil remediation agent, whereas the PPV method clearly reduced the degree of contamination during the remediation period. Remediation effect, as assessed by the reduction of the highest TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) concentration by distance from the injection well, was uncleared in the control group, whereas the PPV method showed a remediation effect of 62.6% within a 1 m radius of the injection well radius, 90.1% within 1.1~2.0 m, and 92.1% within 2.1~3.0 m. When evaluating the remediation efficiency by considering the average rate of TPH concentration reduction by distance from the injection well, the control group was not clear; in contrast, the PPV method showed 53.6% remediation effect within 1 m of the injection well, 82.4% within 1.1~2.0 m, and 68.7% within 2.1~3.0 m. Both ways of considering purification efficiency (based on changes in TPH maximum and average contamination concentration) found the PPV method to increase the remediation effect by 149.0~184.8% compared with the control group; its average increase in remediation effect was ~167%. The time taken to reduce contamination by 80% of the initial concentration was evaluated by deriving a correlation equation through analysis of the TPH concentration: the PPV method could reduce the purification time by 184.4% compared with chemical oxidation. However, the present evaluation of a single site cannot be equally applied to all strata, so additional research is necessary to explore more clearly the proposed method's effect.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-106
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• 2023

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in Korea and the world. Since 2004, this is the 4th gastric cancer guideline published in Korea which is the revised version of previous evidence-based approach in 2018. Current guideline is a collaborative work of the interdisciplinary working group including experts in the field of gastric surgery, gastroenterology, endoscopy, medical oncology, abdominal radiology, pathology, nuclear medicine, radiation oncology and guideline development methodology. Total of 33 key questions were updated or proposed after a collaborative review by the working group and 40 statements were developed according to the systematic review using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and KoreaMed database. The level of evidence and the grading of recommendations were categorized according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation proposition. Evidence level, benefit, harm, and clinical applicability was considered as the significant factors for recommendation. The working group reviewed recommendations and discussed for consensus. In the earlier part, general consideration discusses screening, diagnosis and staging of endoscopy, pathology, radiology, and nuclear medicine. Flowchart is depicted with statements which is supported by meta-analysis and references. Since clinical trial and systematic review was not suitable for postoperative oncologic and nutritional follow-up, working group agreed to conduct a nationwide survey investigating the clinical practice of all tertiary or general hospitals in Korea. The purpose of this survey was to provide baseline information on follow up. Herein we present a multidisciplinary-evidence based gastric cancer guideline.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.215-221
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• 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics, yield and chemical compositions of rye according to mixing ratio of chemical fertilize r(CF) and liquid swine manure (LSM) in paddy field cultivation. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The manure fertilizer ratio of five treatments were CF 100% + LSM 0% (C), CF 70% + LSM 30% (T1), CF 50% + LSM 50% (T2), CF 30% + LSM 70% (T3), and CF 0% + LSM 100% (T4) of rye. At this time, the application of liquid swine manure was based solely on nitrogen. Plant length did not show significant differences among treatments. Ear length, leaf length and leaf width were the longest in C, T3, and T2, respectively (p<0.05). The stem diameter showed in the order of T4 > T3 > T2 > T1 > C, which was thicker as the LSM application rate increased (p<0.05). Fresh, dry matter and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield were the highest in T4 (p<0.05), whereas the lowest in C treatment. Crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude fiber content were did not show significant difference among treatments. However, compared to C, crude fat and crude ash were significantly higher in T2 and T3, respectively (p<0.05). Total mineral content decreased significantly as the LSM application rate increased (p<0.05). Total free sugar showed high in T3 and T4 with a high LSM ratio, but showed significantly lower in chemical fertilizer treatment (C) and low LSM treatment (T1) (p<0.05). The analysis of all the above results suggests that the application of LSM is very effective, considering the dry matter yield and the contents of free sugar. In addition, LSM may be possible to grow rye without chemical fertilizer.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.423-434
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• 2022

The two previously developed artificial diets (N4 and N6) used for rearing Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae) larvae, were selected as highly-fit ones for rearing Mythimna loreyi larvae. Almost all biological characteristics were not significantly different between the colonies reared on the two diets at 25℃ and 15:9 h (light:dark) photoperiod. The developmental periods were 4.9-5.2 days for eggs, and 22.3-23.2 days for larvae. The pupal period and weight were different between the sexes in each diet colony. The pupal periods in females and males showed 12.6-12.8 days and 14.1-14.5 days, respectively. The pupal weights were ca. 345 mg for females and ca. 380 mg for males. The pupation and emergence rates were ca. 91-94%, and ca. 91-95%, respectively, without significant differences between the two colonies. The pre-oviposition and oviposition periods were 3.4 days and 4.7-4.8 days, respectively. The adult longevity was 8.2 days in females and 10.3-12.4 days in males. Total offsprings produced were found to be 724-847 larvae on an average with ca. 1,400 maximum larvae. In the life table analysis, the intrinsic rates of increases (0.1181 for N4 and 0.1253 for N6) were not significantly different between the two colonies. Individual differences in the larval instar number 5 and 6 were found within a diet colony. The ratios of 5-instar larvae were ca. 22% in N4 colony and ca. 7% in N6 colony. The larval period of 6-instar larvae was longer than that of 5-instar larvae. Width of head capsule in larvae varied from ca. 309 ㎛ for 1st instar to ca. 3,065 ㎛ for 6th instar. Body lengths measured from ca. 2.0 mm for 1st instar to ca. 29.1 mm for 6th instar. Larvae of M. loreyi and M. separata were found at the same time in a maize field during June and July, 2020.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.44
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• pp.141-175
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• 2023

This comparative study combines the methodologies of comparative research and literature review to examine Daesoon Thought. Comparative religious analysis in the social sciences, does not presuppose an a priori framework of the essence of religion because it targets various aspects of religion which are revealed within a historical field. However, it does not decompose and return to psychological or social phenomena like social sciences. In addition, with the emergence of religious pluralism, the climate of focusing on similarities between religions has already been accomplished to some degree. Furthermore, it is worth noting that many spiritual movements in modern spirituality reveal mixed or amorphous characteristics without being restricted by specific religious membership. It is time to overcome instrumentation and restore the transcendence of its original appearance even in secular humanist reasoning. It can be said that this reveals the perception that the ills and crises of modern civilization should be overcome in connection with the opening of the acquired world of Daesoon Thought. It could further be said that the main culprit of evil behavior is instrumental reason or degenerated reason rather than spirituality. Religion is the intellectual crystalline body of humankind and aims at human perfection and salvation. However, extremists in previous times amplified conflicts between religions and formed ideas suitable for their specific regions through different experiences. This generated mental rifts that proved greatly influential. At the time of initial inception, each religion confronted and fought other ideologies, but when the era of religious pluralism began, the necessity for inter-spiritual communication became urgent. It could be said that happiness is the realization of human spirituality by exploring the vision of humanism. In that case, the combined methodologies of comparative research and literature review reveal that the spirituality of Daesoon Thought would enable a humanism based on human dignity. This would be a path for seeking spirituality through human life and living as a true human being. Spiritual humanism as discussed through this study aims to share the problems of modern civilization and provide a critical view of modern civilization that shows the roots of prevailing thought are stuck in a Cartesian dualistic view of humanity and the world. The type of spiritual humanism to examined here focuses on a cosmotheandric vision by considering the spiritual return to Daoism via Daesoon Thought. This would treat human beings like heaven in alignment with Donghak ideology and honor the human dignity proposed by Daesoon Thought. It would also deliver sentient beings from suffering and to bliss in accordance with the aims of faith in Maitreya Buddha, and it would implement the Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence in fulfillment of Daesoon Thought.