• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of an anti-inflammatory and analgesic action of the glucosamine HCl (Glucosamine) and SH-1 (Glucosamine + Oriental herbal composition combined group). Male sprague-Dawley rats $(200{\sim}250g)$ and ICR mice $(20{\sim}30g)$ were randomized and these experimental groups were divided into 4 groups. Two control group were given as negative control (saline) and positive control (Ibuprofen, 100 mg/kg) and two groups given as oral administration of Glucosamine (320 m/kg) and SH-1. Carrageenan induced paw edema test, hot plate method, croton oil induced granuloma, capillary permeability test and acetic acid writhing syndrome were also shown to be comparable in the SH-1 group to anti-inflammatory drug group such as positive control group (Ibuprofen). Although further studies should be performed to confirm the effects of SH-1, present results suggest that the combined administration of SH-1 have potential action in anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. It could be applicable for the improvement of arthritic symptoms as a new diet-supplement.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.4 s.143
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• pp.299-304
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• 2005

This study examined the antinociceptive properties of GCSB-5, a herbal formulation consisting of 6 Oriental herbs (Ledebouriellae Radix, Achyranthis Radix, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Cibotii Rhizoma, Glycine Semen, and Eucommiae Cortex) that are used in traditional medicine to treat various bone disorders, mainly of which involve analgesic processes. Peripheral and central analgesic models were established in experimental animals in order to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of the agent. GCSB-5 significantly inhibited the number of acetic-induced writhing (33.3%-34.3% inhibition at 100-600 mg/kg) but increased the pain threshold (38.0% increase at 300 mg/kg) in the Randall-Selitto test. However, GCSB-5 had no effect on the hot plate-induced nociception and hyperalgesia from the tail-pinch method. These results suggest that the antinociceptive effect of GCSB-5 may be mediated via peripheral mechanisms.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.621-626
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• 1998

Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica var saboten Makino) is a tropical or subtropical plant, which is widely used as folk medicine for burned wound, edema and indigestion. We previously found that the ethanol extract of cactus stem showed anti-inflanunatory action. This investigation was designed to isolate the active fraction of anti-inflanimatory action from cactus stem by solvent extraction and colunm chromatography. Carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice were used as animal models to search anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. respectively. The ethanol extract of cactus stem was consecutively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The hexane fraction was the most effective in carrageenan-induced paw edema, and then was separated in colunm chromatography of silica gel by the elution with hexane/ethyl acetate mixture. The most effective fraction 1 was separated in a second colunm chromatography by eluting with hexane/diethyl ether mixture. The most effective fraction 1-5 was obtained, and separated in a third column chromatography by eluting with hexane/chloroform mixture. It produced the most effective fraction 1-5-1. Moreover, fraction 1-5-1 showed an inhibitory effect on acetic acid-induced writhing in the doses of 30mg/kg and 60mg/kg,p.o.,indicating that it also contained analgesic activity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate correlations between anxiety and preoperative pressure pain assessments and postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in impacted lower third molar tooth surgery. Materials and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 60 patients who underwent impacted lower third molar surgery. The preoperative State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI-I), pressure pain threshold, and pressure pain tolerance scores were measured. At 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours, and at 6 days following surgery, the patients scored their pain on the visual analogue scale and recorded their analgesic drug usage. The data were evaluated, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: Of the 60 patients, 38 were female. Mean age was 24.62±7.42 years. The study found no relationship between preoperative pressure pain assessments and postoperative pain (P>0.05). There was also no relationship observed between preoperative STAI-I scores and postoperative pain (P>0.05). However, there was a positive correlation between operation time and total medication taken (P<0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative pressure pain threshold, pressure pain tolerance, and anxiety level had no significant effects on postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in impacted lower third molar surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 1998

Background: Myprodol, a newly introduced combination analgesics with codeine, ibuprofen and paracetamol was evaluated in the dental surgery patients for its efficacy and side effects. Methods: Total 60 ASA I or II outpatients dental surgical patients were randomly assigned into three groups(n=20 each). After various oral procedures, one of three oral analgesics, myprodol, ibuprofen or codeine, was prescribed to each patients in double blind fashion for three days. Each patient was followed carefully by daily phone calls for verbal analog pain scale, side effects and patient's satisfaction level. Results: Demographic data and duration of surgery revealed no statistical differences in all three groups. Myprodol group showed better verbal analgesic scores consistently for the study period than ibuprofen or codeine group. Adverse effects were minimal. Patients' satisfaction level was high in all three groups. Conclusion: We conclude that myprodol is an excellent oral analgesic for day-surgery based dental procedure patients. This effect appears to be synergistic among different analgesics rather than additive.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.414-419
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• 2006

Prostaglandins biosynthesis and nitric oxide production have been implicated in the process of inflammation and osteoarthritis. And nitric oxide (NO) activated the MMPs responsible for PG degradation in articular chondrocytes. Therefore, we have studied the effects on anti-inflammation and analgesic by ethyl acetate fraction from 70% ethanol extract of Perilla Frutescens (EPF). EPF inhibited LPS plus inflammation-cytokines-induced proteoglycan (PG) degradation, matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP-2,9) expression in rabbit articular chondrocytes. Also, EPF have inhibitory effects on LPS or LPS plus inflammation cytokines-induced nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 production in mouse macrophage andrabbit articular chondrocytes. These results suggest that EPF decreases PGE2, iNOS, MMPs activity and PG degradation in mouse macrophage and/or rabbit articular chondrocytes. In vivo, EPF was shown to have inhibitory effects on acetic acid-induced pain. The herbal extract with this profile, may have utility in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 1998

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Ukgansan(UGS) extract on anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system of experimental animals. The results of this study were as follows : 1. UGS extract prolonged significantly the beginning time to convulsion and death induced by strychnine. 2. UGS extract prolonged significantly the time to death induced by electrical shock of ECT unit.(3 sec, 200 F, 25 mA) 3. On the experiment of hypothermic effects of UGS extract on the rectal temperature of mouse, UGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of mouse 4. On the experiment of antipyretic effects of UGS extract on the febrile induced by the subcutaneous injection of $150\;{\mu}g/kg$ endotoxin in mouse, UGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of mouse. 5. On the experiment of analgesic effects of UGS extract on the writhing syndrome induced by intraperitoneal injection 0.7% acetic acid 1 ml/100g in mouse, the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. 6. On the experiment of effects of UGS extract on spontaneous motor activity measured by wheel cage method in mice, the spontaneous motor activity was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. 7. On the experiment of effects of UGS extract on the activity of GABA-transaminase(GABA-T) in mouse brains after 21 days of oral administration of UGS extract. the activity of GABA-T was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. 8. On the experiment of effects of UGS extract on the activity concentration of GABA in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of UGS extract, the activity concentration of GABA was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. 9 On the experiment of effect of UGS water extract on the activity of GAD in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of UGS extract, the activity of GAD was reduced significantly by administration of UGS extract. According to the these results, Ukgansan extracts reveal the effects on the anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-82
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• 1997

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Cheonmagudeungyeum(CGY) extract on anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system of experimental animals. The results of this study were as follows : 1. CGY extract prolonged significantly the beginning time to convulsion and death induced by strychnine. 2. CGY extract prolonged significantly the time to death induced by electrical shock of ECT unit(3 sec, 200 F, 25 mA) 3. On the experiment of hypothermic effects of CGY extract on the rectal temperature of mice, CGY extract decreased the rectal temperature of mice. 4. On the experiment of antipyretic effects of CGY extract on the febrile induced by the subcutaneous injection of $150\;{\mu}g/kg$ endotoxin in mice, CGY extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of mice. 5. On the experiment of analgesic effects of CGY extract on the writhing syndrome induced by intraperitoneal injection 0.7% acetic acid 1 ml/100g in mice, the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. 6. On the experiment of effects of CGY extract on spontaneous motor activity measured by wheel cage method in mice, the spontaneous motor activity was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract 7. On the experiment of effects of CGY extract on the activity of GABA - transaminase (GABA-T) in mouse brains after 21 days of oral administration of CGY extract, the activity of GABA-T was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. 8. On the experiment of effects of CGY extract on the activity concentration of GABA in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of CGY extract, the activity concentration of GABA was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. 9. On the experiment of effect of CGY water extract on the activity of GAD in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of CGY extract, the activity of GAD was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. According to the these results, Cheonmagudeungyeum extracts reveal the effects on the anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.301-312
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect on pulp induced by pulsed Nd : YAG laser according to the power density, irradiated time and the method of application (Non-contact vs contact) in vivo. Experiments were carried out on 90 volunteers who have sound 4 canines. Each canine was grouped by the intensity and the time of irradiation of pulsed Nd : YAG laser was measured. Mean EPT response(units) was measured at 5 min, 30 min, and 60 min after irradiation with various intensity(1.5-3W, 15-30Hz), irradiated time (1.5min, 3min), and application method (Non-contact and contact). The results were as follows: 1. 5 minutes after irradiation, the mean EPT response(units) was increased by 32 % in the non-contact method and by 35% in the contact method of application. Which showed significant difference in mean EPT response(units) compared to not-lased canine in each groups(P<0.05). 2. The mean EPT response(units) with irradiating condition according to the various laser intensity, and the irradiation time stastically did not show significant difference in each groups as time elapsed. 3. There was no significant difference between the non-contact and contact method in the mean EPT response(units). 4. The mean EPT response(units) returned to the baseline value within 30 miuntes. In regard to the above results, the analgesic effect on pulp induced by pulsed Nd : YAG laser resulted a slight increase of pulpal pain threshold, but it was not as high as to replace the role of drug analgesia as whole. This technique can be used for inducing pulpal analgesia as adjunct to other pain control methods and is needed to develop better analgesic effects.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 1997

To formulate the topical analgesic preparation of a new capsaicin derivative, DA-5018, a skin penetration evaluation system was established and the effect of composition of formulation on skin penetration using this system was evaluated, The effect of massage on hairless mouse skin penetration and inter-day variation of this effect were investigated using test formulations(cream). In massage group, compared with non-massage group, absolute penetration amount of DA-5018 increased and this experimental system was found to be reproducible, The effects of pH of water phase, ratio of oil/water and the concentration of active ingredient in cream on skin penetration were investigated. The permeation of DA-5018 from the cream increased with increasing pH of water phase to 9. But at pH 10, the permeation of DA-5018 decreased, because of the physical instability of the cream. The permeation of DA-5018 from the cream increased with increasing the ratio of oil/water of the cream. The increase of the content of DA-5018 to 0.3% increased the permeation of DA-5018, but at high concentration(1.0%), the permeation of DA5018 decreased, due to the instability of the cream.