• Title/Summary/Keyword: Anadara broughtonii

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Biological Studies On Arkshell Culture I. Distribution Of Drifting Larvae Of Te Arkshell, Anadara broughtonii Schrenck (피조개의 양식에 관한 생물학적 연구 I.부유유생의 분포)

  • Yoo, Sung Kyoo;Park, Kyung Yang;Yoo, Myung Sook
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.75-81
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    • 1977
  • Distribution of drifting larvae of Anadara broughtnoii SCHRENCK was studied based on the planktonic sampling which has been collected in fifteen sampling areas of southern coast of Korea and Ulsan Bay during summer season from 1973 to 1977. Vertical and horizontal occurrence was analyzed related to the environmental factors such as surface water temperature, current velocity and depth of water column. High density of the larvae was observed in the Chinhae Bay which included the sampling areas Rampo, Sockcheon, Majeon, Changpo, Dangdong, Bedun, Changchoa, and Wonmun. Maximum occurrence of the farvae was accompanied with the highest water temperature of the summer season, and it was usually August when the water temperature was over 27$^{\circ}C$. In August, 1975, the highest density of the farvae was observed, when the mean surface water temperature was the highest compared to those of other years. The first appearence of the drifting larvae was also related to the surface water temperature. Each year the larae begin to appear from the late July and the ready-to-fall larvae appear in abundance from the mid-August. Vertical distribution patterns of the larvae are closely related to the depth of the water column as well as to the current velocity. In shallow water the larvae tend to aggregate in the bottom layer, while they are diffused to some extent in deep water. In shallow water column ( 8m) more or less 75% of the total larvae individuals was observed in the lower 4m layer and in deep water column ( 16m) only 45% of those was found in the lower 4m layer. In the water of lower velocity a large fraction of the larvae population is distributed in the lower depth layer.

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A Study on the Eating Experience and Preferences for Seafood in Elementary School Students in Gyeonggi-do Area (경기 지역 초등학생들의 수산물 섭취 경험 및 기호도 조사)

  • Oh, Hee;Chung, Hae Young
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.492-501
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the eating experience and preferences for seafood among elementary school students in Gyeonggi-do. A survey was carried out on 383 elementary school students. As for the eating experience of seafood, the students were aware of and had eaten 'Scomber japonics (Go-deung-eo) (96.3%)', 'Anadara broughtonii (Jo-gea) (95.8%)', 'Ommastrephes sloani pacificus (O-jing-eo) (98.7%)', 'Panulirus japonicus (Sea-ou) (98.4%)', 'Porphyra tenera (Gim) (99.5%)', 'Shrimp, soused (81.2%)', 'Eo-muk (98.7%)', and 'Anchovy, dried (98.7%)'. As for the preferences for seafood, 'like (67.6%)', 'fair (21.5%)', and 'dislike (7.3%)' were observed. Concerning the frequency of seafood consumption, 4th grade students showed higher frequency of '1~2/week' compared to others (p<0.05). 6th grade students showed higher frequency of '3~4/week' compared to others (p<0.05). In terms of preferable cooking methods for seafood, 'grilling (35.0%)', 'soup (23.0%)', and 'raw fish (19.8%)' were observed. Boys showed a higher preference for 'grilling', 'frying' and 'raw fish' compared to the girls (p<0.05). Girls showed a higher preference for 'soup', 'braising' and 'steaming' compared to the boys (p<0.05). As for the seafood intake by eating place, 'home (60.1%)', 'eating-out (18.3%)', and 'school lunch menus (12.8%)' were observed in that order. Therefore, in order to increase the consumption and intake of seafood, students should attempt to achieve proper intake though information of nutrition and consistent nutritional education.

Distribution of Vibrio vulnificus the Coast of South Korea (한국연안의 Vibrio vulnificus의 분포에 관한 연구)

  • KIM Young-Man;SHIN Il-Shik;CHANG Dong-Suck
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.591-600
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    • 1987
  • To evaluate the detection rate and the density of Vibrio vulnificus by the sample, sampling area and date, 240 sea water samples and marine invertebrates were collected from coastal area of Korea including Pohang, Chungmu, Yeosu, Kunsan, Sihwa and Pusan from March to October, 1986. Eighty two strains oft of 1087 strains isolated from the submitted samples were identified as V. vulnificus. Forty seven of total 240 samples were positive in V. vulnificus which were constituted by 31 out of 138 sea water samples and 16 out of 102 marine invertebrates. Detection rate of V. vulnificus among the invertebrates was high in the crab, Portunus trituberculatus and the ark shell, Anadara broughtonii samples. The samples collected at Kunsan area showed the highest in detection rate of the bacterium as $67\%$ during the study period and the density of V. vulnificus was high in the sea water which was low in salinity.

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Studies on the Utilization of Arkshell 1. Preparation and Quality Stability during Storage of Powdered Dried Arkshell for Instant Soup (피조개의 이용에 관한 연구 1. 피조개 분말수우프의 제조 및 저장중의 품질안정성)

  • Kim, Hee-Yun
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.217-223
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    • 1988
  • For the Effective utilization of the fish resources in coastal regions, investigations on preparation of powdered dried arkshell instant soup., quality stability of the products during storage and utilization as a food material were carried out with arkshell, Anadara broughtonii. Three kinds of powdered instant soup were prespared as 0% table salt(A), 5% table salt (B), 15% table salt(C) and packed with vacuum in laminated film bag. (polyester/nylon: 85${mu}ell$/15${mu}ell$, 18$\times$27cm) Their processing conditions and quality stability during storage at room temperature for 90 days were examined. Powdered instant soup was made by washing raw arkshell to remove visceral, clay, sand and blood, hot air drying(60$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 20 hrs) after draining and pulverizing dried arkshell to 35 mesh. Powdered instant soup was made by adding 2% sugar 0% table salt (5% and 15% table salt), 10.5% monosodium glutamate, 0.3% black pepper and 0.3% garlic powder to the pulverized dried arkshell. The condition of moisture and water activity of the products were 5.9-6.9% and 0.42-0.43, respectively. The moisture content s , water activity and pH of the products were showed little change and volatile basic nitrogen of them increased slightly during storage. Thiobarbituric acid value increased up to 60 days of storage and then decreased slightly. In solubility, powdered instant soup were showed no remarkable difference comparing with goods on the market. The color value of th products were showed little change during storage, In sensory evaluation, product B were scored slightly higher, in most cased, in flaver, color. taste and overall acceptability comparing with product A or product C during storage. Judiging form the sensory evaluation, powdered instant soup of 5% table salt (B) were the most desirable, and the quality of the products was stable for 90 days at 20$\pm$3$^{\circ}C$.

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Changes in Free Amino Acids of Ark Shell, Anadara broughtonii, during Sun-drying (피조개의 일건(日乾)중 유리아미노산의 변화(變化))

  • Kim, Hong-Jin;Moon, Sook-Im;Joh, Yong-Goe
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.339-344
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    • 1985
  • This study was attempted to check the change of free amino acids in the extractives from ark shell, Anadara broughtonii, during sun-drying. The content of moisture, crude protein and crude lipids of ark shell flesh were 84.7%, 9.6% and 0.8%, respectively. The amounts of extractive-nitrogen from ark shell flesh during sun-drying were 21.18 mg/g in the raw sample, and decreased to 16.25 mg/g after one day sun-drying, and then gradually increased to 31.9 mg/g at the 20th day. The amounts of free amino acid-nitrogen from ark shell flesh during sun-drying were 16.10 mg/g in the raw sample, and decreased to 11.5 mg/g after one day sun-drying and then gradually increased to 17.61 mg/g at the 20th day. In free amino acid composition of raw sample, the most abundent amino acids were glutamic acid (14.1%), histidine (13.8%), arginine(13.7%) and proline (12.1%) in order and taurine was also detected in trace amounts. The amounts of total free amino acids in the extractive from ark shell flesh during sun-drying were 2041.2mg% in the raw sample, and decreased to 1784.0 mg% after one day sun-drying, and then gradually increased to 5277.0 mg% at the 20th day. During sun-drying of ark shell flesh, leucine, isoleucine, valine showed up a increasing tendency, while the amounts of aspartic acid, proline and taurine were decreased.

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Variation in Cartenoid Pigment and lipids of the Arkshell, (Anadara broughtonii) according to the Environmental Factors of the Growing Area (서식환경요인에 따른 피조개육의 Carotenoid색소와 지질성분의 변화)

  • Ha, Bong-Senk;Kang, Dong-Soo;Kim, Yung-Gwan;Kim, Kui-Shik
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.71-92
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    • 1989
  • The seasonal variations of environmental sea water, arid carotenoid and lipid composition of reddish muscle tissue of arkshell, Anadara broughtonii in Chungmu and $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ were investigated. In the sea water, pH value, salinity, electrical conductivity of Chungmu and $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ were similar tendency, but water temperature in annual average at Chungmu-area was about $2^{\circ}C$ higher than that of $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. The concentration of nitrite-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphours at Chungmu-area were slightly higher than those at $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. Meanwhile the concentration of silicate-silicious at $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ was about 2 times higher than that of Chungmu-area. The bacterial density of the sea water was ranged from 3.6 to 93/100ml for coliform and 3.0 to 15/100ml for fecal colifrom at Chungmu-area, but the coliform was ranged 7.3 to 150/100ml and the fecal coliform was ranged 3.6 to 20/100ml at $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. Among the coliform, 8.9% Escherichia coli, 33.9% Citrobacter freundii, 41.1% Enterobacter aerogenes groups were classified and 16.1% was not identified. In the hemoglobin content of reddish muscle tissue of arkshell, one from Chungmu-area was ranged from 1.1 to 2.5 g /dl and one from $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ was ranged from 1.7 to 4.4 g /dl. In total carotenoid content, 0.80 to 1.28mg/100 g muscle was in Chungmu-area and 0.45 to 0.99mg/100 g muscle was in $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. Among the carotenoid compositions, pectenolone content was 63.0% in annual average from Chungmu area and 59.6% from $Y{\check{o}}su-area$, 6.5% from Chungmu area and 18.9% from $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ in ${\beta}-carotene$, 9.9% from Chungmu-area and 9.1% from Yosu-area in pectenoxanthin, 11.2% from Chungmu-area and 5.2% from $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ in diatoxanthin monoester were observed. In the seasonal variation for the major carotenoids, the content of pectenolone was continuously incresedbefore spawning period and showed the maximum in July, but decresed after spawning period. Diatoxanthin monoester was gradually incresed during all growing period from March to next January. And ${\beta}-carotene$ was decresed before spawning period and showed the maximum in July but incresed after spawning period. The major fatty acids of total lipid and fractionated lipid classes from total lipid namely neutral-, glyco- and phospholipid were $C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{22:6},\;C_{20:2},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{20:5}\;and\;C_{18:3}$ acid in the muscle tissue of arkshell. The content of neutral lipid showed about 2 times higher than polar lipid in the muscle tissue of arkshell from both Chungmu and, $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. The content of total and neutral lipid was decresed during spawning period. In the seasonal variation for fatty acid compositions, the content of polyenenoic acid in total and neutral lipid was decresed and saturated acid was incresed. On contrary, polyenoic acid in glyco and phospholipid was incresed and saturated acid was decresed during spawning period from July to September. The sterol composition in total lipid were mainly consisted of cholesterol, campesterol, brassicasterol and ${\beta}-sitosterol$. Especially, the rate of content in cholesterol showed decrese during spawning period butcampesterol showed increse from March to November.

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Predation of Asterias amurensis and Asterina pectinifera on Valuable Bivalves at Different Water Temperature (유용 양식패류에 대한 아무르불가사리(Asterias amurensis)와 벨불가사리 (Asterina pectinifera)의 수온별 포식 특성)

  • 강경호;김재민;오승택
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.16 no.1_2
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    • pp.17-20
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    • 2000
  • Effect of predation of starfish Asterias amurensis and Asterina pectinifera under different water temperature in the recirculating seawater vessel was conducted at the invertebrate culture laboratory of Yosu National University from February 1 to February 25, 2000. The highest activity of Asterias amurensis and Asterina pectinifera according to water temperature was obtained at 14$\^{C}$ and 22$\^{C}$. The average individual numbers of Anadara broughtonii predated by Asterias amurensis and Asterina pectinifera were 2.20 and 1.60 at 6$\^{C}$ , 3.60 and 2.00 at 10$\^{C}$, 7.20 and 2.50 at 14$\^{C}$, 3.40 and 6.80 at 22$\^{C}$, 0.80 and 3.90 at 26$\^{C}$, respectively.

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Comparative Study on Endogeneous Activities of ${\beta}-Galactosidase$-like Enzyme in Several Finfishes and Shellfishes (어패류 및 종에 내재되어 있는 ${\beta}-Galactosidase$의 활성 비교)

  • Kim, Dae-Hee;Jeong, Chang-Hwa;Nam, Yoon-Kwon;Min, Kwang-Sik;Kim, Dong-Soo
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.445-452
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    • 1996
  • Endogeneous activities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$-like enzyme in various tissues from several finfishes and shellfishes were examined by histochemical analysis based on X-gal staining and by fluorimetric measurement using 4-methylumbelliferyl-${\beta}$-D-galactoside (4-MUG). Species used in this study were 3 freshwater fishes, mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ; 3 marine fishes, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), stone flounder (Kareius bicoloratus) and marbled sole (Limanda yokohamae) ; and 4 shellfishes, abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), Pacific oyster (Crassoskra gigas), pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii) and ark shell (Anadara broughtonii). The activities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$-like enzyme in all finfishes examined were significantly different among species, with the wide variations between tissues in a species. In general, the tissues such as kidney, intestine and liver were ones which showed the significantly higher values in 4-MUG fluorimetry and deeper staining patterns in X-gal analysis compared to other tissues. On the other hand, serum and muscle revealed the significantly lower activities than others did, regardless of species. Shellfishes were also found to have endogenous activities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$-like enzyme which were significantly varied depending on both species and organs in a species. Hepatopancreas from all shellfishes examined showed the deepest pattern in X-gal staining and also the highest value in 4-MUG analysis, while activities of ${\beta}-galactosidase$-like enzyme in adductor muscles and mantle muscles from all shellfish species in this study except Pacific oyster were negligible : Pacific oyster had the significant activity of this enzyme in muscle tissues. Putative endogenous lacZ fragment was amplified from both finfishes and shellfishes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The molecular size of PCR products was about 510 bp, and there was no difference in size among species examined.

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Mass Mortality of Arkshell, Anadara broughtonii SCHRENCK Seedlings with Marine Ecological Characteristics (해양 생태학적 특성에 따른 피조개 치패의 대량폐사)

  • CHUN Young-Yull;NA Gui-Hwan;CHOI Woo-Jeung
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.70-78
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    • 1991
  • Both long period of summer drought and unusual high water temperature in 1988 caused the harmfull effect to the aquacultural organisms in south coast of Korea. One of those was the mass mortality of arkshell seedlings in Jinhae Bay. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of environmental factors on arkshell seedlings by investigating not only water quality and food organisms in culturing grounds, but also meteorological conditions. Water temperature in November was higher at $2.0^{\circ}C$ than mean water temperature and the concentration of total inorganic nitrogen and N/P ratio were $0.38{\mu}g-at/l,$ 0.98, respectively which indicated the exhaustion of nutrients, especially nitrogen in the study area. In analysis of phytoplankton population structure, species diversity index(H) , equitability-index(e), species richness $index(d_1)$ were low, but dominance $index({\delta}_2)$ was high at the value of 98.4 and dominant species was Nitzschia pungens. In conclusion, it seems that mass .mortality of arkshell seedlings in November was resulted from the metabolism disorder with poor food organism under the unstable marine environment.

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Distribution and Bacteriological Characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus (Vibrio vulnificus 균의 분포 및 세균학적 특성)

  • CHANG Dong-Suck;SHIN Il-Shik;CHOI Seung-Tae;KIM Young-Man
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.118-126
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    • 1986
  • Vibrio vulnificus is a recently recognized halophilic organism that nay cause serious human infections. Patients infected with V. vulnificus often have a history of exposure to the sea, suggesting that the organism may be common inhabitant of marine environment. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the distribution and bacteriological characteristics of V. vulnificus. The strain used in this experiment was isolated from sea water and sea products such as common octopus (Octopus variabilis), ark shell (Anadara broughtonii), blue crab (Ericheir japonica), and sea squirt (Synthia roretzi) collected in Pusan area from July to October in 1985. V. vulnificus was frequently isolated in August when temperature of sea water was around $26^{\circ}C$ and rarely isolated in October when temperature of sea water was around $18.5^{\circ}C$. The distinctive biochemical characteristics of V. vulnificus were ONPG hydrolysis positive and fermented lactose and not grown in peptone water contained $8\%$ NaCl. The optical density at 660 nm of the growth of V. vulnificus was reached maximum level after 8 hours of culture at $35^{\circ}C$ in brain heart infusion broth but that of V. vulnificus was little increased at $15^{\circ}C$ for 14 hours. Optimum temperature and pH for the growth of V. vulnificus were around $35^{\circ}C$ and 8.0. The specific growth rate and the generation time of V. vulnificus isolated from the samples were $1.21\;hr^{-1}$, 34 min at $35^{\circ}C$ and $0.61\;hr^{-1}$, 69 min at $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. V. vulnificus did not grow on eosin-methylene-blue agar, salmonella-shigella agar, deoxycholate agar but grew well on Endo agar, xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar and hektoen enteric agar. On Endo agar, the colonies of V. vulnificus were red and achieved a diameter of 2 to 4 mm as a feature enabling differentiation of V. vulnificus from other Vibrio spp. V. vulnificus grow well on TCBS agar forming green colonies. V. vulnificus refrigerated at $4^{\circ}C$ exhibited a linear decline of its viablity as 1 log cycle in every 16 hours storage, while V. vulnificus freezed at $-18^{\circ}C$ almost became extinct.

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