• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2014

Purpose: Dentin hypersensitivity is a potential threat to oral health. Laser irradiation may provide reliable and reproducible treatment but remains controversial. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of $CO_2$ or erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser therapy, and to assess mineral content. Methods: Eighteen human single-rooted teeth affected with advanced periodontitis were obtained. Buccal and lingual surfaces were planed to form 36 specimens. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid gel (24%) was applied to remove the smear layer and simulate hypersensitive teeth. The experimental groups were: group 1, control (no irradiation); group 2, $CO_2$ laser (repetitive pulsed mode, 2 W, $2.7J/cm^2$); and group 3, Er:YAG laser (slight contact mode, 40 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz). To evaluate dentinal tubule occlusion, six specimens per group (2-mm thickness) were prepared and observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for calculation of the occlusion percentage. To evaluate the mineral content, six specimens per group (0.6-mm thickness) were used, and then the levels of Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. In addition, the surface temperature of the specimens during laser irradiation was analyzed by a thermograph. Results: The SEM photomicrographs indicated melted areas around exposed dentinal tubules and a significantly greater percentage of tubular occlusion in the $CO_2$ and Er:YAG laser groups than the control, and in the Er:YAG group than the $CO_2$ laser group. In addition, no significant differences were noted among the experimental groups for the mineral elements analyzed. The $CO_2$ laser group showed an evident thermal effect compared to the Er:YAG group. Conclusions: $CO_2$ and Er:YAG laser are effective in treating dentin hypersensitivity and reducing its symptoms. However, the Er:YAG laser has a more significant effect; thus, it may constitute a useful conditioning item. Furthermore, neither $CO_2$ nor Er:YAG lasers affected the compositional structure of the mineral content.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.214-224
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• 1994

The Ministry of Education established the plan to adopt a new college enterance examination system, so called Scholastic Ability Test for college, from 1994. The National Board of Educational Evaluation had carried out 7 experimental trials for the new examination system. Eventhough, the governmental officials advertised the purpose and characteristics of the new examination system, many students and parents did not understand the essential point very well. In this study the researcher tried to analyze the 7 trial examination items and the first Scholastic Ability Test for college carried out 1993. In this study, the researcher tried to find out all the items appeared in the 7 trials. In the analysis, all the individual items from the 1st trial to the 7th trial were used. The research results showed that the items were evenly distributed in all the four areas(Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Earth Science) of science content; however, they were heavily concentrated on data or information analysis categoris in the inquiry domain. In the domain of context, laboratory context was the major item context. The scores were also analyzed. The results showed that no significant difference between male and female students. However, science track students showed higher achievement scores than the non-science track student. The examination result showed high correlation with the tests routinely have carried out in schools. The over all analysis showed the new examination system showed very different characteristics to the conventional tests. Therefore, for the student to get successful result in the Scholastic Ability Test, they should change the way of study. They should try to understand scientific concepts rather than to memorize them. They should invest their time to carry out real experiments rather than to focus on the princples and laws of science. One of the most important thing would be for the student to apply what they learned to real life situations.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.549-558
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the Needs Assessment Tool for Case Management (NATCM) for use with Korean medical aid beneficiaries. Methods: Psychometric testing was performed with a sample of 645 Korean medical aid beneficiaries, which included 41 beneficiaries who were selected using proportional sampling method, to examine intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Data were evaluated using item analyses, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, and ICC. Results: Through psychometric testing the final version of NATCM was found to consist of two subscales: 1) Appropriateness of Health Care Utilization (5 items) and 2) Self Care Ability (6 items). The two subscale model was validated by CFA (RMSEA=.08, GFI=.97, and CFI=.93). Internal consistency measured by Cronbach's alpha was .82, and subscale reliability ranged from .79 to .84. The ICC of the NATCM between case managers was .73 and between case managers and health care professionals. .82. Conclusion: This study suggests that the final version of NATCM is a brief, reliable, and valid instrument to measure needs of Korean medical aid beneficiaries. Therefore, the NATCM can be effectively utilized as an important needs assessment as well as outcome evaluation tool for case management programs in Korea.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-66
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• 2008

This study has been carried out with the aims of developing a comprehensive inventory of peer relation problems, which is based on the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex scales (KIIP-C). It also aims to examine reliability and validity of the inventory, and provide a preliminary norms. For the current study, inventory items were culled from the following sources: the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex scales (KIIP-C), various current scales dealing with peer relations of children, and a survey of children's peer relation problems. The preliminary items for each scale were administered to 220 fourth through sixth graders. The resulting skewness of distribution, kurtosis, mean and standard deviation, item-total correlation, internal consistency, and meanings of the items were comprehensively considered in selecting the final 64 items. In order to check on reliability, internal consistency, convergence and discrimination reliability of the final items and scales, the data were collected from 1,046 fourth through sixth graders currently attending four elementary schools. The study results can be summarized as follows. Internal consistency of the inventory of peer relation problems showed the range between .70-.94 (median value of .75), split-half reliability between .67-.83 (median value of .75), and test-retest reliability between .69-.88 (median value of .81). Inter-correlation of 8 scale scores and factor analysis results of individual ipsative scores showed that the circumplex property of inventory of peer relation problems is appropriate. Regarding correlations between various existing indices and scales related to peer relation problems, both convergence reliability and discrimination reliability were found to be fair. When the scale scores for the inventory of peer relation problems compared according to the factors of gender and grade, the primary effects of gender and grade were statistically meaningful whereas effects of interaction between gender and grade were not. This study can be considered meaningful in that it constructed an inventory for a comprehensive evaluation of peer relation problems specific for children and provided preliminary norms.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.20-39
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• 2006

The purpose of the study is to develop e-Learning contents of environmental education for middle school students. The contents were developed based on literature review, the analysis of domestic and foreign programs and e-Learning contents on environmental education and expert advice. There are five main characteristics. First, this program has 12 sessions and is divided into six parts: introduction, air, water, animals and plants, soil, and resources and energy. Second, the contents were developed with consideration of middle school students' consist of optimized for learners by analyzing the needs of middle school students. Third, each part consists of five steps: "open", "unfold", "foster", "strengthen & refine", and "addition." Fourth, the contents have been developed in line with SCORM, an international standard for distnt education, to ensure reusability, accessibility, interoperability, and durability. Fifth, the contents are developed for blending online and off-line education. Developed program evaluated by 8 environmental education experts according to 10 evaluation item of total contents and contents development structure. In result, it evaluated comparatively high score.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 소셜 음악 사이트에서 사용자들이 음악 아이템을 청취한 횟수와 생성한 태그 정보를 혼합하여 음악을 추천하는 시스템을 제안한다. 현재, 상용화된 음악 추천 시스템들은 주로 사용자의 청취 습관과 외부적인 선호도 입력값을 기반으로 음악을 추천하고 있다. 그러나 이 방식은 아직 음악을 청취한 사용자가 많지 않은 새로운 음악이나 청취 정보가 없는 새로운 사용자의 경우 추천하는 데 어려움이 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 사용자가 선정한 키워드를 아이템에 부여하는 협업 태깅으로 생성된 태그 정보를 활용하였다. 태그의 의미를 파악하여 감정 표현의 정도에 따라 가중치를 부여한 뒤, 태그 점수와 청취 횟수를 혼합하여 음악 아이템의 선호도를 산출하였다. 이를 기반으로 사용자 프로파일을 생성하고 협업 필터링 알고리즘을 수행하였다. 제안하는 추천 방법의 효율성을 평가하기 위해서, 청취 습관 기반 추천, 태그 점수 기반 추천, 하이브리드 추천 방법의 세 가지 추천 방법에 대해서 정확도, 재현율, 그리고 F-measure를 계산하였다. 실험 결과에 대해 통계적 검증을 시행한 결과, 하이브리드 추천 방법이 다른 두 가지 방식보다 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여 성능이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1277-1283
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• 2010

많은 이러닝 시스템들은 맞춤형 서비스를 위해 SCORM(Sharable Content Object Reference Model)을 표준으로 채택하고 있다. 이러닝 시스템들은 학습자의 학습 효율을 높이기 위해서 학습 난이도를 평가하여 적용하고 있다. 그러나 SCORM은 런-타임 시 학습자의 수준 변화에 따른 맞춤형 콘텐츠 제공이 어렵고, 선택적 학습을 제어하기 어렵다는 단점 때문에 학습도중에 난이도를 변경하면서 학습 콘텐츠를 제공하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 SCORM의 단점을 보완하기 위하여, 학습 도중 학습자의 수준 변화에 따른 학습자의 수준을 재평가하여, 변화된 수준에 적합한 학습 콘텐츠를 제공하는 수준별 콘텐트 구성 시스템(SCOS)을 설계 및 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 구현한 시스템 단원 학습 도중 퀴즈가 제시되는 시점을 불규칙적으로 지정함으로써 학습자의 학습 몰입도를 높이고자 하였으며. 향후에는 보다 정밀한 수준 평가를 기반으로 학습자에게 최적화된 피드백을 제공할 수 있도록 보완할 계획이다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.37-54
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this preliminary study was to identify the nurses' perception regarding disclosure of patient safety incidents (DPSI) and to evaluate the effectiveness of education for DPSI. Methods: DPSI education was conducted for nurses majoring in clinical nurse specialist at an university. Before and after the education, the nurses made a questionnaire to evaluate the perception of DPSI. The questionnaires were divided into four categories: first, overall perception of the DPSI; second, recognition evaluation of the DPSI using hypothetical case, third, opinion on legal and nonlegal measures for facilitating the DPSI; and fourth, socio-demographic factors. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed on the DPSI questionnaire response to compare the perceptions before and after the education. Results: A total of 10 nurses participated in the education. DPSI education showed the possibility of improving the overall perception, necessity, effect, obstacle, and promotion method of DPSI, although there were also several responses where there was no statistical significance. In particular, DPSI education led to statistically significance change in the perception of obstacles for DPSI. For example, the number of respondents who agreed to the item "DPSI will increase the incidence of medical lawsuits." was 7 before education but decreased to 3 after education (P-value: .025) Furthermore, nurses' perception of DPSI from this study was generally positive regardless of education. Conclusion:In the future, it will be necessary to carry out DPSI education and training and to evaluate its effectiveness for more nurses.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.112-123
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• 2005

최근의 전자상거래 사이트들은 사용자 만족을 극대화 시키기 위해 사용자별로 개인화된 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 협력적 필터링은 개인화된 아이템 실시간 추천을 위하여 고안된 알고리즘이며 예측의 정확도와 성능을 증대시키기 위해서 다양한 보완 방법들이 제시되고 있다. 유용한 추천 시스템을 구축하기 위해서는 두 가지 문제를 동시에 고려해야 한다. 그러나, 협력적 필터링 기술에 관한 연구는 정확도 향상에 관한 연구가 주로 수행되었고 성능 문제는 간과하여 왔다. 본 연구에서는 추천 에이전트 시스템의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 대표 속성을 이용한 이웃 선택, 추천 텍스타일 집합, 유사 군집 요소를 협력적 필터링 기술에 추가하여 실험해 보았다. 패션 디자인 추천 에이전트 시스템(FDRAS)을 개발하여 시스템의 논리적 타당성과 유효성을 검증하기 위해 실험적인 적용을 시도하고자 한다.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.183-198
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is mainly to make an analysis and comparison of the purchasing behaviors of consumers in Mainland China and Taiwan. We precede this research with a questionnaire survey. In Mainland China, we targeted consumers of 10 department stores of the Parkson Plaza Co., Ltd. that are located in 10 different cities. In Taiwan, we selected 3 department stores of the Far Eastern Department Stores in 3 cities. The results of this analysis indicate the importance of quality attributes to the consumers for both Mainland China and Taiwan, albeit with some differentiations. The consumers in China are more focused on the merchandise for example as well as imitation, quality and price. Contrarily, the consumers in Taiwan are more attentive to service quality and parking Issues. On the level of evaluation of satisfaction, the differences are not so obvious for both sides. For example, the quality attributes of “No imitation products” and “Friendly servers” are ranked as the most satisfactory items for both sides. Generally speaking, the service quality of Taiwan's department stores is very outstanding. There are also some differences in the areas of lesser satisfaction between consumers of China and Taiwan. The consumers in China identified the quality attribute “the designs of merchandising, display and the usage of each floor” as the most dissatisfactory item, while the performance on this quality attribute is well accepted by the consumers of Taiwan's department stores. Another contradiction is that Taiwan's consumers are more concerned about “Parking”; this quality attribute obtained much less attention from the consumers in Mainland China. From the analysis of determinants that will have impacts on the willingness of customers to buy again, we found that the viewpoints of consumers from both sides are quite similar. The two main factors are “quality of merchandise” and “service quality”. However, the consumers in Mainland China care more about “the price of merchandise”; this is less important to the consumers in Taiwan. We may conclude from the importance and satisfaction level of the quality attributes and determinants for return customers that differences are caused mainly by the different management of the department stores and the different living circumstances of people across the straights.