• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.221-246
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• 2012

The purpose of this study aims to analyse the case on the violation of the Agreement on WTO-TRIMs in the China with auto parts case. The Agreement on Trade Related Investment Measures(TRIMs) are rules that apply to the domestic regulations, a country applies to foreign investors, often as part of an industrial policy. The agreement was agreed upon by all members of the WTO. The TRIMs Agreement bans any laws, policies or administrative regulations favouring domestic products. This includes government incentives to encourage corporations to use domestically made products as a way of creating or protecting local jobs. The Agreement on TRIMs is only one such restriction within the broader WTO regime. Policies such as local content requirements and trade balancing rules that have traditionally been used to both promote the interests of domestic industries and combat restrictive business practices are now banned. In many ways the Agreement on WTO-TRIMs is less significant than the WTO agreements on services, etc. The TRIMs Agreement does not involve any new rules or disciplines, referring only to the existing provisions under the GATT. However, by enforcing GATT provisions on 'national treatment', this short and simple agreement has had farreaching effects on auto parts, etc. Meanwhile, China has been members of the WTO late 2001, once the measures imposed high-rate tariff for import parts was intended to regulate importer of auto parts in order to avoid the high-rate tariff.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.3720-3746
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• 2017

At present, numerous hospitals and medical institutes have implemented Telecare Medicine Information Systems (TMIS) with authentication protocols to enable secure, efficient electronic transactions for e-medicine. Numerous studies have investigated the use of authentication protocols to construct efficient, robust health care services, and recently, Liu et al. presented an authenticated key agreement mechanism for TMIS. They argued that their mechanism can prevent various types of attacks and preserve a secure environment. However, we discovered that Liu et al.'s mechanism presents some vulnerabilities. First, their mechanism uses an improper identification process for user biometrics; second, the mechanism is not guaranteed to protect against server spoofing attacks; third, there is no session key verification process in the authentication process. As such, we describe how the above-mentioned attacks operate and suggest an upgraded security mechanism for TMIS. We analyze the security and performance of our method to show that it improves security relative to comparable schemes and also operates in an efficient manner.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2008

This paper presents a decentralized coordination for a small-scale mobile robot teams performing a task through cooperation. Robot teams are required to generate and maintain various geometric patterns adapting to an environment and/or a task in many cooperative applications. In particular, all robots must continue to strive toward achieving the team's mission even if some members fail to perform their role. Toward this end, given the number of robots in a team, an effective coordination is investigated for decentralized formation control strategies. Specifically, all members are required first to reach agreement on their coordinate system and have an identifier (ID) for role assignment in a self-organizing way. Then, employing IDs on individual robots within a common coordinate system, a decentralized neighbor-referenced formation control is realized to generate, keep, and switch between different geometric shapes. This approach is verified using an in-house simulator and physical mobile robots. We detail and evaluate the formation control approach, whose common features include self-organization, robustness, and flexibility.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.34.2-34.2
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• 2009

The relativistic Weibel instability has drawn attention as a main mechanism of the magnetic generation in the core of galaxies or in the formation of universe. The Weibel instability is not yet fully understood in the relativistic region. We investigated nonlinear saturation and decay of the relativistic Weibel instability. It is found that the early phase of the instability is in excellent agreement with the linear theory. But, an analysis based on an alternative magnetic trapping saturation theory reveals that a substantial discrepancy between the theory and simulation is revealed in the relativistic regime in contrast to an excellent agreement in the non-relativistic regime. The analysis of the Weibel instability beyond the quasilinear saturation stage shows an inverse cascade process via a nonlinear decay instability involving electrostatic fluctuation.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.15-22
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• 1977

In this paper, two dimensional theoretical solutions of temperature distribution and thermal stress due to tandem cooling in an infinite plate were studied. Temperature distribution and thermal stress were calculated by numerical integration. Calculated temperature distributions were in good agreement with the result of the experiments by Park, and calculated thermal stresses were in good agreement with physical phenomena. This solutions could be applied to the practical tandem cooling operations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.33-36
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• 2008

We introduce some properties for fuzzy binomial distributions with fuzzy valued probability. First we define fuzzy type I error and type II error for fuzzy relative frequency and agreement index. And we show that an fuzzy power function and fuzzy binomial frequency function for binomial proportion test.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2000

Purpose : To compare the diagnostic performance of clinical and radiologic examination for the interproximal caries on intraoral periapical radiographs and to evaluate the value of periapical radiographs. Methods: One hundred seven dental patients were examined clinically, with a mouth mirror and an explorer, by a dentist at the department of oral medicine, and the presence or absence of interproximal caries lesion was recorded. The patients were prescribed one or more dental periapical radiographs. Radiographs were assessed for the presence of interproximal caries by three oral and maxillofacial radiologists independantly. Two thousand sixty interproximal surfaces were included in this study. The diagnostic accuracies of clinical and radiologic examinations for interproximal caries were calculated. To assess the degree of agreement between clinical and radiologic examinations, Cohen's coefficient of agreement was computed. Results: The specificity of clinical and radiologic examination was 0.991, 0.997 and the sensitivity was 0.279, 0.985 respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of radiologic examination was statistically significantly higher than that of clinical examination (P<0.05). Cohen's kappa value of clinical and radiologic examination was 0.335, 0.942 respectively. These results suggested that clinical examination show only fair agreement, whereas radiologic examination show perfect agreement. Conclusion: The diagnositic performance of the dental periapical radiographs on interproximal caries were higher than that of clinical examination, thus this study showed the validity of periapical radiographs for detecting interproximal caries lesion without bitewing radiograph.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 2017

As people increasingly rely on mobile networks in modern society, mobile communication security is becoming more and more important. In the Long Term Evolution/System Architecture Evolution (LTE/SAE) architecture, the 3rd Generation Partnership (3GPP) team has also developed the improved Evolved Packet System Authentication and Key Agreement (EPS AKA) protocol based on the 3rd Generation Authentication and Key Agreement (3G AKA) protocol in order to provide mutual authentication and secure communication between the user and the network. Unfortunately, the EPS AKA also has several vulnerabilities such as sending the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) in plain text (which leads to disclosure of user identity and further causes location and tracing of the user, Mobility Management Entity (MME) attack), man-in-middle attack, etc. Hence, in this paper, we analyze the EPS AKA protocol and point out its deficiencies and then propose an Efficient and Security Enhanced Authentication and Key agreement (ESE-EPS AKA) protocol based on hybrid of Dynamic Pseudonym Mechanism (DPM) and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) retaining the original framework and the infrastructure of the LTE network. Then, our evaluation proves that the proposed new ESE-EPS AKA protocol is relatively more efficient, secure and satisfies some of the security requirements such as confidentiality, integrity and authentication.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.83-93
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) for assessing Korean athletes. Methods: A total of 48 patients (37 males and 11 females) participated in this study. Data were acquired after translation of the FMS from English to Korean and cross-cultural adaptation of the this questionnaire. To determine inter-rater reliability, the relationship between the FMS scores obtained by two raters was evaluated using the Kappa coefficient, which was in total agreement with the Intra-Correlation Coefficient (ICC3,1). Concurrent validity was examined by correlating the FMS scores with the Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores and Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Results: The raters demonstrated excellent agreement on 7 (above 90%) of the 17 test (72.9 to 97.9%) components. Substantial agreement was seen in 11 of the 17 tests. Two components of the In-line lunge and rotatory stability tests demonstrated moderate agreement. It showed good inter-rater reliability: the Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.42 to 0.97. ICC3,1=0.42~0.99 and 0.93 (total FMS score). Cronbach's alpha for FMS was 0.80. It was not correlated with ODI or VAS. Conclusion: The Korean version of the FMS is a reliable instrument for measuring movement patterns of Korean athletes and for making decisions related to interventions for performance enhancement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

Several identity-based and authenticated key agreement protocols have been proposed. It remains at issue to design secure identity based and authenticated key agreement protocols. In this paper, we propose a one round authenticated group key agreement protocol which uses one more key pair as well as the public key and private key of typical IBE(Identity-Based Encryption) system. The proposed protocol modified Shi et al.'s protocol and He et al.'s protocol. The public and private keys and the signature process of our protocol are simpler than them of their protocols. Our protocol is secure and more efficient than their protocols in communication and computation costs.