• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.384-392
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• 2000

To establish N fertilizer recommended scheme for the Chinese cabbage cultivation in green house based on the soil test of nitrate nitrogen, relationship among the content of soil nitrate and fertilizer effects and fertilizer N use efficiency were investigated from nine soils which differed amount of nitrate nitrogen from $14mg\;kg^{-1}$ to$226mg\;kg^{-1}$. The amount of nitrate nitrogen in soil showed a positive correlation with the dry weight of chinese cabbage in the plot of no fertilization. When the fertilizer effects were calculated by difference between the plots of fertilization and no fertilization in the dry weight and the amount of N uptake, a negative correlation was obtained between the amount of nitrate nitrogen in soils and the fertilizer effects. There was also a negative correlation between the amount of nitrate nitrogen in soils and fertilizer use efficiency. Recommendation of application rate of nitrogen fertilizer based on content of $NO_3-N$ in soils was evaluated by the regression equation among the content of soil nitrate, fertilizer effects and fertilizer N use efficiency. Incase the content of $NO_3-N$ nitrogen in soil is more than $200mg\;kg^{-1}$, No N fertilization is recommended; However, The standard N fertilization($320kg\;ha^{-1}$) is recommended for the soils with less than $50mg\;kg^{-1}$. For the soils ranged from $50mg\;kg^{-1}$ to $200mg\;kg^{-1}$ in the amount of nitrate nitrogen, an equation has been developed in order to calculate the recommended amount of fertilizer N.

• Water for future
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.135-143
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to improve the understanding of the characteristics of the daily urban water use. The city of Kwangju in Korea was selected as a study area. The population of Kwangju in the end of 1993 was more than one million and two hundred thousand peoples. The average of daily water use in 1993 was about three hundred and fifty thousand tons a day. The variation of the urban water demand trend with time for a day was studied. One day was devided into 12 divisions with a 2hour increment. The water use demand for the given time interval of a day was observed. The water use index was defind in percentage that indicates the ratio of the amount of water use for a time interval to the amount of water use for a day. The water use index was found to be useful to manage and to operate the water supply systems. In addition to this, the probability distribution of the water use demand for each time interval was tested using the K-S(Komogorov-Smirnov) method. The normal distribution type was found to be appropriate as the probability distribution type for the variation of water demand for the given time interval of a day.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.439-443
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to prevent excessive use of fluorine toothpaste. To comparatively evaluate the amount used of the fluorine toothpaste in children from 3 to 6 years old, the toothpaste amount was compared according to toothbrush size and toothpaste squeezing method targeting 84 children in 5 child care centers where were located in Hongseong-gun, Chungnam. The toothpaste amount was compared with a method of squeezing to pea-size and a method of smear on toothbrush, targeting 141 students for the Dept. of Dental Hygiene, who are actually carrying out oral health education to targeting children. The statistical analysis was used SPSS 14.0 K for Windows program(Copyright(c) SPSS Inc.). The following results were obtained. 1. The amount of fluorine toothpaste squeezed on toothbrush for children was 0.29 g. The amount of fluorine toothpaste squeezed on toothbrush for adults was 0.34 g. It was surveyed to use the less amount of toothpaste when squeezing to smaller toothbrush (p<0.05). 2. The amount that children aged 3-6 squeezed as the method of squeezing commonly at ordinary times was 0.31g. The amount that was squeezing to pea-size was 0.21 g. The amount that was squeezed by using smear method was measured to be 0.26g. Less amount of fluorine toothpaste was used with the method of squeezing to pea-size and smear method rather than a method of squeezing commonly at ordinary times(p<0.05). 3. As a result of surveying the students of the department of dental hygiene, the amount of having squeezed to pea- size was 0.23 g. It was surveyed to be 0.15 g when having used the smear method. Thus, it was surveyed to use the less amount of toothpaste when using the smear method(p<0.05). 4. Using smaller toothbrush, the amount used of fluorine toothpaste can be reduced. Both smear method and the method of squeezing to pea-size are available for minimizing careless fluorine intake by less used amount of fluorine toothpaste.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.393-396
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• 2009

Purpose: Low - molecular - weight dextran is one of the most frequently used antithrombotic agents in microvascular surgery, but there is controversy if it has the real benefit in the clinical aspects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect associated with postoperative use of low - molecular - weight dextran in breast reconstruction by free TRAM flap patients. Methods: From January 2002 to October 2008, we reconstructed 88 cases of postmastectomy deformity using the free TRAM flap. The 88 cases were divided into two groups : a group with no use of dextran(66 patients, control group, Group A) and a postoperative low - molecular weight dextran loaded group(22 patients, Group B). We assessed number of flap survival, rate of complication like hematoma or seroma, total amount of drainage from operative wound, duration of drainage, and amount of transfusion in each group. Results: There was no total flap loss and every flap was survived. Total amount of drainage for post - operative 5 days were 857 ml in group A and 1101 ml in group B. Drain was kept for average of 7.3 days in group A and 8.7 days in group B. Packed red cell transfusions were made in average of 3.3 units for group A and 3.0 units for group B. Group B showed significantly higher values in former 2 comparative parameters than group A. Conclusion: There was no definitive advantage of anticoagulants in elective free - flap surgery in terms of success rate. However, groups with using anticoagulants had the increased bleeding tendency in immediate postoperative period. The routine use of anticoagulants in elective free - flap surgery should be reconsidered with postoperatively less bleeding and early recovery.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.5
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• pp.134-142
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to establish more rational and practical planning theory for amusementpark. It analyze and considerate the fluctuation of the people who come and use a Tong-Ch'on amusementpark. The results drawn from this research work are as follows ; There are considerable correlation between use fluctuation and some factors. The factors are season (spring, summer, autumn) as a time, temperature, cloud amount, duration of sunshine, weather (rainy day) as a climate and date (weekday, holiday) as a social system. The important variables are temperature, cloud amount, duration of sunshine and date (week day, holiday) to estimate the user of amusementpark. I can reduce the following two types of regression models. 1.${\log}_eY1=6.9114+0.1135TEM+0.00002_eSUM-0.4068WI+0.4316W3$ ($R^2=0.94$) 2. ${\log}_eY2=7.2069+0.1177TEM-0.0990CLO+0.488W3$ ($R^2=0.95$) Y ; Number of User TEM ; Temperature CLO ; Amount of cloud SUN ; Duration of Sunshine WI ; Weekday W3 ; Holiday Those model is inorder to estimate the user for management of Tong-Ch'on amusementpark and use on the computation of facility size for reconstruction. Besides the amusementpark, city park and outdoor recreation area could estimate of user throuth this method. But, I am not sure about the regression models because I didn't apply the regression models to the other amusementpark, city park or outdoor recreation area. Therefore, I think that this problem needs to study in the future.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.79-100
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• 2004

This study attempted to examine the employment instability on consumer's use of credit as a financing medium. The purpose of this study was 1) to examine the effect of employment related factors on consumers' use of credit; 2) to compare the results between the two different economic situations. A conceptual framework was developed based on the permanent income hypothesis, family stress theory, and the previous empirical studies. Using data on working households ih the 1992 and 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), double-hurdle analyses were conducted. The results suggested that employment related factors that measured employment stability were significantly related to the likelihood of having an outstanding balance on their credit account but were not the influential factors in determining the amount of the outstanding balance. Among other factors, resources factor played the most significant role in determining both the likelihood of having an outstanding balance and the amount of the balance. Although the 1992 and 1998 data represent economic downturn and economic prosperous period, the effects of the factors including employment instability factors were similar between the two periods. This imply that employment instability has increased even in the economic prosperous period. From the findings, several implications for policy makers, credit industry, and financial educators were suggested.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2018

Purpose - This study investigated the relationship among cultural disposition (Chemyeon, Noonchi, Woozzul), media use, and attitude toward luxury goods consumption. Research design, data, and methodology - We analyzed online survey data for 300 Korean Women between 20 and 39 years of age who lived in Seoul, capital of South Korea. We used multiple regression analysis to examine the relative influence of cultural orientation on cognition of luxury goods, Sobel test. to determine mediating effect, and a two-way analysis of variance in IBM SPSS 23.0. Results - The finding suggests that cultural disposition (Chemyeon, Noonchi, conspicuous Woozzul) correlated significantly with perceived self-identity, attitude toward luxury goods. The effects of Chemyeon, Noonchi, and selfish Woozzul on the attitude toward luxury goods was fully mediated by perceived self-identity. However, association between conspicuous Woozzul and attitude toward luxury goods was partially mediated by perceived self-identity. Regarding media effects, the results indicate that there were interaction effects between selfish Woozzul and amount of time spent on TV on attitude toward luxury goods, as well as between selfish Woozzul and amount of time spent on Internet. Conclusions - These findings suggest that luxury goods consumption of Korean young women is consumer behavior that reflects individual cultural disposition and media use.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.696-703
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• 2016

In this study, we intensively investigated the effect of conductive additive amount on electrochemical performance of organic supercapacitors. For this purpose, we assembled coin-type organic supercapacitor cells with a variation of conductive additive(carbon black) amount; carbon aerogel and polyvinylidene fluoride were employed as active material and binder, respectively. Carbon aerogel, which is a highly mesoporous and ultralight material, was prepared via pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde gels synthesized from polycondensation of two starting materials using sodium carbonate as the base catalyst. Successful formation of carbon aerogel was well confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and $N_2$ adsorption-desorption analysis. Electrochemical performances of the assembled organic supercapacitor cells were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Amount of conductive additive was found to strongly affect the charge transfer resistance of the supercapacitor electrodes, leading to a different optimal amount of conductive additive in organic supercapacitor electrodes depending on the applied charge-discharge rate. A high-rate charge-discharge process required a relatively high amount of conductive additive. Through this work, we came to conclude that determining the optimal amount of conductive additive in developing an efficient organic supercapacitor should include a significant consideration of supercapacitor end use, especially the rate employed for the charge-discharge process.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2023

The cement industry has been contributing to solve the wastes problem by using various combustible wastes as alternative fuel to replace natural coal. To use more alternative fuels such as waste plastics, in the cement manufacturing process, it is necessary to stably burn alternative fuels and reduce air emissions such as NOx. This study is a case study on the multi-stage combustion calciner process, which is a technology that decreases the amount of NOx while increasing the use of alternative fuels. This study is a case study on the multi-stage combustion process, a technology that reduces the amount of harmful air emissions such as NOx while increasing the use of alternative fuels. Along results of comparing before and after applying the technology to actual cement manufacturing facilities, the amount of coal consumption decreased by 38 %, waste plastics consumption increased by 122 %, and NOx emissions decreased by 17 %. Results show that increasing the use of alternative fuels and reducing NOx emissions by multi-stage combustion is effective.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1163-1172
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• 2011

This study attempted to analyze between TV and family. While almost research has focused on the TV influencing family, this study has tried to contemplate family type and family communication pattern influencing TV use. Especially, this research focused on adolescent TV use. The result and conclusion are as follow: There are different children's TV watching styles based on family communication pattern(conversation-orientation and conformity-orientation). The amount of TV watching is high in conformity-orientation family pattern, and the amount of TV watching is low in conversation-orientation family pattern. In addition, conformity-orientation family pattern more prefer entertainment program, while conversation-orientation family pattern prefer informational program.