• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ammonium phosphate effect

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Effect of Ammonium Phosphate on Mycelial Growth and Exopolysaccharides Production of Ganoderma lucidum in an Air-Lift Fermenter

  • Lee, Kyu-Min;Lee, Shin-Young;Lee, Hyeon-Yong
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.726-731
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    • 1999
  • It was discovered that ammonium phosphate in the medium played an important role in both growing mycelium and producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) from G. lucidum. In lower concentration levels of ammonium phosphate (0-3 g/l), an improved mycelial growth was observed by maintaining more filamentous morphology than in high concentrations (5-11 g/l). In addition, it was confirmed by comparing the factual dimension and frequency of the area regarding the mycelial pellets. This must be attributed to limitations of nutrient transfer by maintaining filamentous mycelium during the cultivation in a low ammonium phosphate containing medium. On the other hand, the best EPS production was observed in medium with the absence or low concentration of ammonium phosphate. The shear stress of the culture broth was greatly affected by the shear rate, as compared with that of the culture broth with high ammonium phosphate concentration. The rheological characteristics of the fermentation broth and filtrate worked well according to the Herschel-Bulkley model. It was also found that the morphological changes of the mycelium resulting from the ammonium phosphate concentration directly affected the rheological characteristics of the system and resulted in reversely affecting the EPS production levels. Based on these results, it can be concluded that delicate regulation of the ammonium phosphate concentration in the culture media should be provided in order to obtain optimal mycelial growth and/or EPS production.

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Combustion-Retardation Properties of Pinus rigida Treated with Ammonium Salts (암모늄염으로 처리된 리기다 소나무의 난연성)

  • Chung, Yeong-Jin;Jin, Eui
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.627-631
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    • 2010
  • This study was performed to test the combustion-retardation properties of Pinus rigida-based materials by the treatment of ammonium salts. Pinus rigida plate was soaked by the treatment with three 20 wt% ammonium salt solutions consisting ammonium sulfate (AMSF), monoammonium phosphate (MAPP), and diammonium phosphate (DAPP), respectively, at the room temperature. After the drying specimen treated with chemicals, combustion properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). When the ammonium salts were used as the retardant for Pinus rigida, the flame retardancy improved due to the treated ammonium salts in the virgin Pinus rigida. However the specimen shows increasing CO over virgin Pinus rigida and It is supposed that toxicities depend on extents. Also, the specimen with ammonium sulfate showed both the lower total smoke release (TSR) and lower total smoke production (TSP) than those of virgin plate. Among the specimens, the sample treated with diammonium phosphate showed a strong inhibitory effect of combustion.

Flame Retardancy of Zelkova Sarrata Treated with Ammonium Salts (암모늄염으로 처리된 느티나무의 난연성 시험)

  • Chung, Yeong-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.399-406
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    • 2010
  • This study was performed to test the flame retardancy of zelkova sarrata-based materials by the treatment of ammonium salts. Zelkova sarrata plate was soaked by the treatment with three 20 wt% ammonium salt solutions consisting ammonium chloride (AMSL), monoammonium phosphate (MAPP), and diammonium phosphate (DAPP), respectively, at the room temperature. After the drying specimen treated with chemicals, combustion properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). When the ammonium salts were used as the retardant for zelkova sarrata, the flame retardancy improved due to the treated ammonium salts in the virgin zelkova sarrata. However the specimen shows increasing CO over virgin zelkova sarrata and It is supposed that toxicities depend on extents. Also, the specimen with ammonium salts showed the higher total smoke release (TSR) than that of virgin plate. Of specimens treated with ammonium salts the ammonium chloride handled the test side was considered a improved inhibitory effect of combustion.

Influence of Ammonium Phosphate on Mycelial Morphology during Submerged Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum (영지의 액체배양에 있어서 균사체 형태에 미치는 Ammonium Phosphate의 영향)

  • Lee, Kyu-Min;Lee, Shin-Young
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 2001
  • The mycelial morphology during submerged cultivation of Ganoderma ludium using by air-lift fermenter system were analyzed by image processing system and the characterization of mycelial morphology were investigated. In submerged culture using medium with different ammonium phosphate concentrations, the various morphological forms of G. lucidum mycelium were observed. The filamentous forms such as non-branched long filamentous mycelium, non-branched short mycelium, branched long filamentous mycelium, branched short mycelium, entangled mycelium and clump were observed, and also, and also, the pelleted forms such as smooth pellet, rough pellet and hollow rough pellet were observed. The mycelial morphology was changed from the filamentous to the pelleted forms by addition of ammonium phosphate. The fractal dimensions of pelleted and filamentous forms were 1.05 and 1.3, respectively, while the fractal dimension of mixtures of pelleted and filamentous forms was 1.16. Therefore, the fractal dimension was found to be more effective index for the detection of the mycelial morphology and morphological change during batch cultivation. The circularity was also found to be useful for evaluating the surface growth of pelleted mycelium.

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Effect of Treatments with Flame-retardant on Flame-resistance and Tensile Strength of Paper (난연 처리가 종이의 난연성 및 인장강도에 미치는 영향)

  • Song, Han-Kyu;Lee, Myoung-Ku
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.38 no.4 s.117
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 2006
  • The effect of several inorganic flame-retardants such as ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide and antimony trioxide on the flame-retardant property and tensile strength of paper has been investigated. Flame-retardants were used preferably as a dry powdered mixture and added to the furnish. Both dipping and coating treatments were employed to apply flame-retardants to paper Flame-retardant paper was manufactured by treatment of $5{\sim}30%$ flame-retardants by weight of the paper on a dry weight. Paper's flame-retardant property and tensile strength were examined by comparison of char length and tensile index. As dosages of flame-retardant chemicals increased, flame-retardant property was improved but tensile index was decreased.

A study on synthesis of polyurethane dispersion by $H_{12}MDI$ and how effect to mechanical properties by ammonium dihydrogen phosphate ($H_{12}MDI$를 이용한 수분산 폴리우레탄 수지의 합성 및 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate에 의한 물성변화에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Joo-Youb;Nam, Sang-Sung
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.74-82
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    • 2014
  • For this research, prepared ammonium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution and polyurethane dispersion. Use these resin, this article has been analyzed about change of mechanical properties by increasing amount of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution in polyurethan resin on coated leather and dried film. According to measure data for solvent resistance, DPU(polyurethane dispersion) resin and DPU-AD1, D2, D3(samples of polyurethaneresin with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution) had good property. As known in the results, increase of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate constant did not influence to big change of polyurethane resin properties. As test of tensile strength, DPU had highest tensile characteristic($3.114kg_f/mm^2$) and DPU-AD3 had lowest tensile characteristic($2.510kg_f/mm^2$). As same as tensile characteristic, abrasion test determined DPU(50.5 mg.loss) had highest properties. In elongation case, DPU had best properties(602 %) in this experiment.

Effect of Ammonium Phosphate Concentration on the Growth of Recombinant E. coli (재조합 대장균의 세포성장에 대한 인산암모늄 농도의 영향)

  • 김종수;석근영차월석
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.389-397
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    • 1996
  • The growth of recombinant E. coli and formation of the by-products were investigated. Ammonium phosphate is known to affect the cell growth as well as the enzyme formation. When initial ammonium phosphate concentration was 0.5g/L, cell mass was 4.1g/L. By adding tryptone to the medium, acetic acid formation increased while lactic acid formation decreased. In cultivating recombinant E. coli, lactic acid and acetic acid turned out to be important by-products which affected cell yield and growth rate. Initial ammonium phosphate and tryptone concentration were optimized in our research and can be applied for other culture of recombinant E. coli.

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Electrical and Rheological Behavior of the Anhydrous ER Fluids Based on Chitosan Derivatives as the Dispersion Phases

  • Choi Ung-su;Sung Bo-hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.323-329
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    • 2004
  • The electrical and rheological properties pertaining to the electrorheological (ER) behavior of chitosan derivatives, chitosan, chitosan ammonium salt and chitosan phosphate suspensions in silicone oil were investigated. Chitosan derivative suspensions showed a typical ER response (Bingham flow behavior) upon application of an electric field. However, chitosan phosphate suspension exhibited an excellent shear yield stress compared with chitosan and chitosan ammonium salt suspensions. The difference in behavior results from the difference in the conductivity of the disperse phases due to the difference of their polarizability. The shear stress for the chitosan, chitosan ammonium salt and chitosan phosphate suspensions exhibited a linear dependence on the volume fraction of particles and 1.18 ,1.41 and 1.67 powers of the electric field. On the basis of the experimental results, the newly synthesized chitosan derivative suspensions found to be an ER fluid.

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Mitigation of Steel Rebar Corrosion Embedded in Mortar using Ammonium Phosphate Monobasic as Hreen Inhibitor (제 1 인산 암모늄 사용량에 따른 시멘트 모르타르의 철근방청성능 평가에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Tran, Duc Thanh;Lee, Han-Seung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2021.05a
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    • pp.112-113
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    • 2021
  • Phosphate based inhibitor is playing a decisive role in inhibiting the corrosion of steel rebar in chloride condition. We have used different amount of ammonium phosphate monobasic (APMB) as corrosion inhibitor in mortar with different amount of chloride ions. The compressive strength, flexural strength, open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization resistance (PPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy were performed to access the effect of inhibitor on corrosion resistance. As the amount of inhibitor is increased, the compressive strength increased. The electrochemical results show that as the amount of inhibitor and chloride ions are increased, the total impedance and corrosion resistance of steel rebar increased attributed to the formation of the stable oxide films onto the steel rebar surface. It is suggested that APMB can work in high concentration of chloride ions present in concrete where phosphate ion helps in formation of stable and protective phosphate based oxide film.

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Electrical and Rheological Behavior of the Angydrous ER Fluids Based on Chitosan Derviatives as the Dispersion Phases

  • Choi, Ung-Su
    • KSTLE International Journal
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.49-51
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    • 2004
  • The electrical and rheological properties pertaining to the electrorheological (ER) behavior of chitosan derivatives, chitosan, chitosan ammonium salt and chitosan phosphated suspensions in silicone oil were investigated. Chitosan derivative suspensions showed a typical ER response (Bingham flow behavior) upon application of an electric field. However, chitosan phosphate suspension exhibited an excellent shear yield stress compared with chitosan and chitosan ammonium salt suspensions. The difference in behavior results from the difference in the conductivity of the disperse phases due to the difference of their polarizability. The shear stress for the chitosan, chitosan ammonium salt and chitosan phosphate suspensions exhibited a linear dependence on the volume fraction of particles and 1.18, 1.41 and 1.67 powers of the electric field. On athe basis of the experimental results, the newly synthesized chitosan dervative suspensions found to be an ER fluid.