• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.668-674
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• 2013

An in vitro fermentation was conducted to determine the effects of hainanmycin on protein degradation and populations of ammonia-producing bacteria. The substrates (DM basis) for in vitro fermentation consisted of alfalfa hay (31.7%), Chinese wild rye grass hay (28.3%), ground corn grain (24.5%), soybean meal (15.5%) with a forage: concentrate of 60:40. Treatments were the control (no additive) and hainanmycin supplemented at 0.1 (H0.1), 1 (H1), 10 (H10), and 100 mg/kg (H100) of the substrates. After 24 h of fermentation, the highest addition level of hainanmycin decreased total VFA concentration and increased the final pH. The high addition level of hainanmycin (H1, H10, and H100) reduced (p<0.05) branched-chain VFA concentration, the molar proportion of acetate and butyrate, and ratio of acetate to propionate; and increased the molar proportion of propionate, except that for H1 the in molar proportion of acetate and isobutyrate was not changed (p>0.05). After 24 h of fermentation, H10 and H100 increased (p<0.05) concentrations of peptide nitrogen and AA nitrogen and proteinase activity, and decreased (p<0.05) $NH_3$-N concentration and deaminase activity compared with control. Peptidase activitives were not affected by hainanmycin. Hainanmycin supplementation only inhibited the growth of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, which is one of the species of low deaminative activity. Hainanmycin supplementation also decreased (p<0.05) relative population sizes of hyper-ammonia-producing species, except for H0.1 on Clostridium aminophilum. It was concluded that dietary supplementation with hainanmycin could improve ruminal fermentation and modify protein degradation by changing population size of ammonia-producing bacteria in vitro; and the addition level of 10 mg/kg appeared to achieve the best results.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2021

Hyperammonemia is mainly caused by diseases related to liver failure. However, there are also non-hepatic causes of hyperammonemia, such as urinary tract infection (UTI) due to urease-producing organisms. Urease production by these bacteria induces a hydrolysis of urinary urea into ammonia that can cross the urothelial cell membrane and diffuse into blood vessels, leading to hyperammonemia. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of hyperammonemia can lead to lethal encephalopathy that can cause brain damage and life-threatening conditions. In the presence of obstructive uropathy, UTI by urease-producing bacteria can lead to more severe hyperammonemia due to enhanced resorption of ammonia into the systemic circulation. In this report, we present a case of acute severe hyperammonemic encephalopathy leading to brain death due to accumulation of ammonia in blood caused by Morganella morganii UTI in a 10-year-old girl with cloacal anomaly, causing obstructive uropathy even after multiple corrections.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.370-378
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• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a specific mixture of essential oils (MEO), containing thyme, clove and cinnamon EO, on rumen microbial fermentation, nutrient apparent digestibility and blood metabolites in fistulated sheep. Methods: Six sheep fitted with ruminal fistulas were used in a repeated measurement design with two 24-d periods to investigate the effect of adding MEO at 0 (control), 0.8, and 1.6 mL/d on apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial population and blood chemical metabolites. Animals were fed with a 50:50 alfalfa hay:concentrate diet. Results: Ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, molar proportion of individual VFA, acetate: propionate ratio and methane production were not affected with MEO. Relative to the control, Small peptides plus amino acid nitrogen and large peptides nitrogen concentration in rumen fluid were not affected with MEO supplementation; while, rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen concentration at 0 and 6 h after morning feeding in sheep fed with 1.6 mL/d of MEO was lower (p<0.05) compared to the control and 0.8 mL/d of MEO. At 0 h after morning feeding, ammonia nitrogen concentration was higher (p<0.05) in sheep fed 0.8 mL/d of MEO relative to 1.6 mL/d and control diet. Ruminal protozoa and hyper ammonia producing (HAP) bacteria counts were not affected by addition of MEO in the diet. Relative to the control, no changes were observed in the red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentration. Apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude proten, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber were not influenced by MEO supplementation. Conclusion:The results of the present study suggested that supplementation of MEO may have limited effects on apparent nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and protozoa and HAP bacteria count, blood cells and metabolites.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.126-137
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• 2006

고농도 암모니아성 질소를 함유한 프로피온산의 처리시 유기물과 입상슬러지의 거동을 평가하기 위하여 12개월간 상향류 혐기성 슬러지 블랭킷 (UASB) 반응조를 운전하였다. UASB 반응조의 경우 암모니아성 질소 농도 6000mg-N/L까지는 80%의 COD 제거가 가능하였다. 암모니아성 질소 농도를 고농도로 유지하는 경우 유출수의 프로피온산의 농도는 증가하였으나 초산 농도는 상대적으로 매우 낮게 유지되었다. 암모니아성 질소 농도 8000mg-N/L에서는 낮은 메탄 발생량에도 불구하고 유출수의 휘발성 현탁 고형물 농도가 증가하였으며, 이는 입상슬러지의 체외고분자 물질의 감소에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. 개미산, 초산 및 프로피온산을 기질로 이용한 비메탄 활성도는 암모니아성 질소 농도 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 일반화된 비선형 모델을 이용하여 산정한 동력학적 상수값은 개미산, 초산 및 프로피온산을 기질로 사용한 경우 각각 3.279, 0.999 및 0.609로 나타났다. 비메탄 활성도에 50% 저해를 미치는 암모니아성 질소 농도는 개미산, 초산 및 프로피온산을 기질로 이용한 경우 각각 2666, 4778 및 5572mg-N/L로 나타나 수소 이용 메탄균의 저해가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 입상슬러지는 대나무 모양(bamboo-shape form)의 methanothrix 형태의 미생물이 주종을 이루고 있으며, hydrogen-producing acetogens와 hydrogen-consuming methanogens이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.585-595
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• 2019

Analysis of bacterial communities based on their 16S rDNA sequences revealed the predominance of Proteobacteria (Aeromonas sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Thaueraamino aromatica sp.) and uncultured bacterium in activated sludge from the effluent treatment plant (ETP) of Mother Dairy, Calcutta (India). Each isolate was used for bioremediation of dairy wastewater with simultaneous conversion of nitrogenous pollutants into ammonia. A consortium developed using seven of these isolates and three Bacillus strains from different environmental origins could reduce 93% nitrate with simultaneous production of ammonia (626 ㎍/100 ml) within 20 h in non-aerated, immobilized conditions as compared to 82% nitrate reduction producing 2.4 ㎍/100 ml ammonia in 96 h with extensive aeration in a conventional ETP. The treated ammonia-rich effluent could be used instead of freshwater and fertilizer during cultivation of mung bean with 1.6-fold increase in grain yield. The ETP with the surrounding agricultural land makes this process a zero liquid discharge technology for using the biofertilizer generated. In addition, the process requires minimal energy supporting sustained environmental health. This method is thus proposed as an alternative approach for small-scale dairy ETPs.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 UASB 반응조를 이용한 슬러리형 돈사폐수의 혐기성 소화시 암모니아 부하의 영향을 평가하였다. UASB 반응조는 $0.02{\sim}0.96kg{NH_4}^+-N/m^3/day$ 범위의 NVLR로 운전되었으며, 정상상태에서 biogas내 메탄함량은 73.3~77.9%였다. FA 농도는 메탄생성미생물의 저해 범위까지 증가하였으나, 메탄함량을 고려할 때, FA와 TA로 인한 저해는 발생하지 않았다. NVLR이 증가함에 따라 COD 제거율은 악화되었으며, $0.55kg{NH_4}^+-N/m^3/day$ 이하의 부하에서 COD 제거율을 60% 이상으로 유지할 수 있었다. NVLR이 0.09에서 $0.96kg{NH_4}^+-N/m^3/day$로 증가함에 따라, biogas의 생성량은 3.71에서 9.14L/day로 증가하였으며, COD의 메탄으로 전환율은 0.32에서 $0.20m^3CH_4/kg$으로 감소하였다. FA농도, COD 제거율, 메탄생성률 등을 고려할 때, UASB 반응조는$0.40kg{NH_4}^+-N/m^3/day$ 이하의 NVLR로 운영되어야 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2004

Livestock industry requires alternatives of antibiotics to prevent environmental pollution and to maintain public health. We herein report on an effective method to reduce ammonia from livestock manure, and confirmed environmentally-friendly livestock production by adding three types of yeast probiotics, Pichia farinosa SKM-1, Pichia anomala SKM-T, and Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59, into the feed stuff, separately and/or mixed, and these three types of yeasts were administered to the Hy-line brown layers for 8 weeks. Compared with control, the laying performance, the egg quality, and the number of intestinal lactic acid producing bacteria of the treated group were improved and/or increased significantly. Pichia anomala SKM-T potently reduced ammonia production from poultry manure, and the other strains were also able to reduce the ammonia from it. The optimum condition for the reduction of ammonia with Pichia farinosa SKM-1, Pichia anomala SKM-T, and Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59 was obtained by using the augmented centroid-simplex design. The ratio of optimum condition was Pichia farinosa SKM-1:Pichia anomala SKM-T:Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59=0.295:0.209:0.080, and the estimate was -123.36 (p=0.0l38). An ability to reduce the ammonia production from livestock manure was maintained at $30^{\circ}C$ for 15 weeks.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2001년도 학술 발표회 진행표 및 논문초록
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• pp.32-32
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• 2001

Helicobacter pylori (Hp), an important etiologic agent in a variety of gastroduodenal diseases, produces a large amount of urease, which is believed to neutralize gastric acid by producing ammonia for the survival of the bacteria. Up to 30％ of the enzyme is associated with the surface of intact cells by lysis of neighboring bacteria. However, the role of the external enzyme has been a subject of controversy, because the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated below pH 5.(omitted)

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.398-409
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 된장으로부터 바이오제닉 아민 생성 바실러스균과 박테리오신 생산유산균은 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석을 통해 동정하였고, 이들 균주들의 혼합 배양으로 제조한 청국장의 이화학적 및 미생물학적 특성을 조사하였다. 총10종의 시료로부터 바이오제닉 아민을 생성하는 바실러스균은 Bacillus licheniformis DB102, B. subtilis DB203, B. stearothermophilus DB206, B. pumilus DB209, B. subtilis DB310, B. coagulans DB311, B. cereus DB313, B. amyloliquefaciens DB714, B. amyloliquefaciens DB915, B. licheniformis DB917, B. cereus DB1019, B. subtilis DB1020, B. megaterium DB1022로 동정되었다. 바이오제닉 아민 생성 바실러스균에 대해 항균 활성을 나타낸 박테리오신 생산균은 Lactobacillus plantarum DLA 205, L. brevis DLA501, L. fermentum DLA509, L. acidophilus DLA703 및 Enterococcus faecalis DLA804로 확인되었다. 유산균의 박테리오신은 농도의존적으로 바이오제닉 아민 생성균의 생균수 및 아민 생성능을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 따라서 유해 아민 생성균에 대한 항균 활성을 나타낸 유산균의 증식에 따라 유산균과 바실러스균을 혼합 배양하여 제조한 청국장의 pH, 암모니아태 질소 함량 및 바이오제닉 아민 함량은 대조구에 비해 유의하게 감소되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1110-1115
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• 2005

To study the effect of feeding lactic acid producing bacteria on the performance of cattle calves, twenty four, day old male crossbred cattle calves (Bos indicus${\times}$Bos taurus), were distributed into two groups of 12 animals each. The animals were fed on calf starter containing wheat bran and green berseem ad libitum and milk as per requirement upto 8 weeks of age. The diet of calves of Group 2 was supplemented with 500 ml culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus-15. Total duration of the experiment was 31 weeks. There was no significant difference in intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and crude protein (CP) between the groups. The rumen pH, protozoa numbers, concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$), trichloroacetic acid precipitable nitrogen (TCA-ppt N) and activity of microbial enzymes (carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, amylase and protease) were not affected due to probiotic supplementation. Average live weight gain of the calves was improved (about 10%) and feed:gain ratio was reduced (about 5%) in the animals given Lactobacillus culture. The data indicated that crossbred calves could be reared on a diet devoid of cereal grain and addition of Lactobacillus culture in the diet resulted in an added advantage in growth performance of the animals.