• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.412-424
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the meaning of soul fashion in American pop culture. This study was conducted using a literature research method based on the prior theses, journals and relevant books. Soul as a concept, originated in African-American communities and evolved from the ideology of Black Power, which prompted Black Nationalism. Soul fashion, which took on two styles in African American culture began to embody black resistance and community pride in the late 20th century. One of these, hip-hop style represented the message of resistance and a sense of beauty outside the mainstream. The other, African-inspired fashion, which utilized a look inspired by African tradition, rejected white supremacy by expressing a proud dignity. As a result, the meaning of "soul" in soul fashion represented by American pop culture resulted in contrasting appearance due to different elements. First, one of its meanings is ironic and sarcastic, and it expressed historical trauma, cultural stereotypes, self-hatred, and self-degradation and, the self-mutilation of African-American by cynically distorting their silhouettes and, using modified materials and patterns, fantastic colors, and extraordinary accessories. Second, the other meanings is the pride and dignity of Black Power, which visualized the concentration of ideas implied by the tradition of African-American, through soul fashion by using fierce traditional of African costumes, unique patterns and accessories.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2005

As the world becomes more globalized thanks to the fast development of the Internet, a national identity becomes more important than ever before. Based on this, the study searches for the identity of modern American architecture through exploring the influence of modem American fine arts on the contemporary architecture. It was found that the concepts and the attributes of modern American fine arts obviously transferred into the contemporary architecture. The main concept was elimination of any kind of illusion for maximization of reality, and it was rooted Into American culture, the way of life and thinking. With the concept, the attributes were divided into two extreme poles: materiality and morphology: the former was evolved from Abstract Expressionism and Post-Minimalism and transferred into Los Angeles Avant-Garde architecture; the latter was from Pop Art and transferred into Postmodern architecture and Pop Architecture.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2022

The emergence of independent cinema in the United States in the 1960s was the earliest sign of postmodernism in the country, which was often referred to as "underground cinema". The works, in a counter-cultural stance, overturned the thought of depth of traditional art cinema, not exploring the meaningful relationship between form and content in terms of artistic technique, but creating an aesthetic that echoed the "Pop Art" of the time by collaging established means of expression with traditional and fashionable ones in a consumerist manner. In this paper, American independent cinema was examined, firstly by analyzing the local and external factors that contributed to its rise. Secondly, two genres of independent cinema core paradigm, "underground cinema" and "pop cinema" were focused on, as a way of demonstrating the attention and influence that independent cinema has gained. Finally, we found that independent cinemas are also seeking for alternative exploration and diverse expressions in the context of the times.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2017

현재 전 세계 대중음악 시장의 헤게모니를 쥐고 주도적인 위치를 점하고 있는 미국의 대중음악 중에 대다수는 예전에 노예였던 아프리카계 미국인들의 문화로 부터 탄생되었다. 흑인 노예들의 음악은 미국역사에 끼친 가장 큰 영향들 중에 하나일 것이며, 세계 대중음악사에서 빼놓을 수 없는 거대한 업적일 것이다. 미국뿐 아니라 전 세계 대중음악의 주류에 있는 음악들은 모두 흑인음악을 모태로 유전자를 받은 그 후손들이다. 결국 아프리카계 미국인들의 문화에서 나온 음악이 세계인이 즐기는 음악이 되었다고 볼 수 있다. 현재 K-Pop의 아이돌 음악 문화 또한 흑인음악에 그 기본 바탕을 두고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 사실은, 우리와 관습과 이념이 다른 인종에게도 거부감 없이 우리의 문화가 침투될 수 있는 가장 큰 요인이 아닐 수 없다. 전 세계를 통합한 흑인음악의 중심에 있는 모타운 레코드사의 성공요인은 상업적으로 놀랍도록 뛰어난 음악 작품뿐만 아니라 현실에 안주하지 않는 뮤지션들의 자의식이라 할 수 있다. 지금의 인기에만 집착하여 10대에 편승한 음악시장과 작가의식, 예술성 결여를 지적받는 우리 대중음악계의 음반 관계자들과 뮤지션들의 자성이 필요하다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2014

중국 수용자들은 아이치이, 유쿠, 러스왕, PPTV 등 온라인 동영상 서비스 같은 미디어 환경의 변화로 여러 채널을 통해 한국, 미국, 일본, 영국, 태국, 인도 등 다양한 국가의 드라마, 영화, 오락 프로그램 등을 선택, 시청할 수가 있다. 최근 다양한 장르의 한국 대중문화가 중국에서 인기를 끌고 있는데, 이러한 현상은 중년 여성을 중심으로 한 드라마가 인기였던 초기 한류 시기(1997-200년대 초)와는 달리, 현재는 드라마뿐만 아니라 K-pop, 오락 프로그램 등 다양한 장르로 퍼져나갔고 인터넷 동영상 서비스를 통해 한국 대중문화를 접할 수 있게 되었다. 본 연구는 중국 80-90호우(后)의 외국 대중문화 수용태도를 파악하고자 한국, 미국, 일본 대중문화의 선호 장르와 이유, 선호 대중문화 및 국가 이미지를 비교분석하였다. 분석결과, 국가별 선호 장르와 이유에서의 유사점과 차이점을 발견할 수 있었으며, 선호 대중문화와 국가 이미지와의 밀접한 관계를 파악할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 중국에서의 한류의 지속가능한 발전 모색을 위한 기초자료로 사용하는데 기여하고자 한다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.80-92
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• 2017

Fashion trend is more than a social phenomenon that multitudes of people accept as popular styles of clothing. The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of fashion trend over time and distance. Geographically thousands of miles apart, the U.S. has strongly influenced fashion in Korea, revealed by references and historic depictions collected from literature and web sites. Results of the study are summarized as five issues: First, emergence of female missionaries from the U.S. American missionaries working in the late Great Korean Empire performed a significant role importing Western culture to Korea. Second, as opportunities of education increased, women studying abroad introduced Western fashion to Koreans when they returned to Korea. They were more open to Western culture than other Koreans and moderately harmonized their Korean sentiment and Western culture, mitigating cultural shock and enabled other Koreans to accept Western culture. Third, the effect of fashionistas on media. Singers working for U.S. armies stationed in Korea and movie stars appearing in Hollywood movies profoundly affected Korean pop culture and fashion trends in Korea. Fourth, following First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy of the U.S. She was an influential figure in those days and a fashion leader as well. Lastly, acceptance of working girl fashion depicted in American television shows. American working girls depicted on American TV shows were highly admired by young Korean women, so the fashion of American working girls became a major fad among young Korean women.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.177-200
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to show the textile designers how to be creative and how to accept other ideas which are not necessarily of their own, and to show what exactly creating anything means. During the 1950's and'60s. America and Europe reached their peak in developing their consumption culture. After World War II, America achieved an astonished feat in developing its thechnology and industry to cause the economy to a rapid ascendence. The U.S. government adopted the Keynsian theory in its economic policy. The Keynsian theory advocates the consumer spending. And during this time period the American public developed consumption habit. Mass production and mass media went in hand to induce the public to buy. The public became an important target for the advertising stratages of the industry. In order for the industry to advertise the mass produced products, it had to utilize the mass media such as television, newspaper, and magazine. And mass media came into play an important role not to advertise the products, but to imform and educate the public about the products. This corporate stratege is further enhanced by the desire of the American public to climb up the ladder by way of material possession. Pop Art was born not only in reflecting the ideology of the consumption culture, but acted as a catalyst for more spending. The subjects of Pop Art are cars, foods, comics, Hollywood actors and movie scenes, the famous singers or persons. Andy Warhol specifically used the chosen image repeatedly to emphasize the redundacy of the image. The common factors which exist between Andy Warhol's Pop Art and textile design is the repetition in form, and the way of transferring an image to a canvas - Warhol used the frotttage technique to transfer an image to a canvas and textile design is transferred to a paper by way of transferring technique. Also the way Warhol thought of his paintings as a decorative elements and made a couple of his paintings into wallpapers or exhibits his painstings wall to wall demonstrates his close alliance with the textile design, let alone his comercial design background. In this study, I examined the inter-relationship between textile design and Pop Art. To carry out this study, I examined the comsumption culture: and the biomorphic relationship of culture and art: and Pop art and its transience stage. The major finding of this study is there exists a common denomenator between textile design and Pop Art, especially of Andy Warhol's.

• 영미문화
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2014

Multicultural theories fully fledged around the 1980s and the early 1990s. Emerging in the 1960s thanks to the Civil Rights movement, multiculturalism has become the grand American national narratives, whose tenets recognize and respect people with diverse racial and cultural backgrounds. This period, however, witnessed the eruption of violent and destructive rebellions or uprisings involving racial minorities. Racial conflicts and tensions exploded at the moment when multiculturalism was widely practiced in areas including education and public policy revealing that complicated problems are embedded in the urban ghettos. American popular culture, specifically addresses antagonisms among different races or ethnicities in Bed-Stuy in New York. Although the film is mainly concerned with the collision among races, it lets ambivalent and cacophonous values and ideologies be present in the black community. On the other hand, Ice Cube's "Black Korea" empowers the black community when it deals with the turbulent relationship between black residents and Korean American merchants. Simultaneously, it denigrates Korean Americans as gasta raps often target the institution like government or police. In short, while attempts to search the ideas of coexistence and juxtaposition through polyphonic features embodied in the film "Black Korea" seems to depend on the dualistic system when it deals with the black-Korean conflicts and as a result it just reveals the chasm between two communities.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.427-445
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• 1996

According as the fashion at the latter half part of the 20th century is diversified and made into high-class gradually, it is demanding the individuality of each one. Especially, since the beginning of 1980s, fashion came to represent the restoration mood in a modern style because of the popularization of post-modernism. And with this, it came to result in the reappearance of minimalism which was one of anti-culture in 1960s. In this study, this researcher grasped the appearance background, concept and structural concept of minimalism, and tried to study the influence that he minimalism had on fashion in the flow of fashion over the first half period of the 20th century. Minimalism is the fine art trend of American characteristic which quicked by the meeting of European culture and American culture, according as the new avant-grade art of Europe moved to America after World War II Minimalism which appeared, refusing the mechanisation, industrialization and mass production of America and the falsehood of consciousness and sensitivity under existing system remained obscure by the pop art which is the commercial fine art of same period, but it came to expand the domain of work possibility of modern fine art, and it became the basis of appearance of post-modernism. Minimalism has 4 kinds of structural features which are nonside nature, repetitiousness and environment nature with 3 dimensional feature which is issue nature. Minimalism is appearing in the exfcellent and future-oriented fashon of Andre Kureju t the time of 1960 well. Then science revolution and minimalism aroused the mini-revolution, and they made the compact radio in electric home appliances and the miniskirt in fashion appear. The features of minimal fashion as Retro '60' which appeared in the decedent mood with the 21st century just before on are as follows: First, the are the pursuit of concise plastic line. Second, it is the use of high tech material Third, the miniaturization in size amy be enumerated. Minimal fashion will appear s the positive confrontation from of mankind as the optimistic viewpoint about feature in the situation hat environment was destroyed and the resources were exhausted.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2015

90년대 들어서면서 대중문화 수용자를 능동성과 비판성 그리고 창조성을 갖춘 집단으로 보려는 인식의 변화가 일어났다. 본 연구는 오래전부터 미국의 장르 문화를 중심으로 결성된 팬들의 자발적 행사인 컨벤션에 대한 이론적 논의를 다루고, 컨벤션에서 팬들과 작품 관계자들이 어떻게 소통하고 작품의 세계를 확장해 나가는지를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 구체적인 사례로 미국 드라마 <수퍼내추럴> 컨벤션을 분석한 결과, 드라마가 하나의 생명체처럼 지속적인 생명력을 유지할 수 있었던 이유는 팬과 배우들 간의 특별한 유대감과 공감, 그리고 상호작용에 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 문화사회학적 측면에서 하나의 작품은 생산자와 그것을 수용하는 사람의 자유로운 해석과 재창조를 통해 완결된다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.