• 약학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.12-29
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• 1964

The oral administration of deer horn extract was proved to cause a considerable amelioration to the impairment of hepatic oxidative phosphorylation and to the decrease of ATP content in liver tissue induced by cholesterol ingestion. Deer horn extract was shown to accelerate considerably incorporation of acetate-1-C$^{14}$ into cholesterol in liver tissue and it tends to restore a decrease of GOT activity of liver tissue, caused by cholesterol administration. Histological examination showed that deer horn extract had a remarkable preventive effect against fatty infiltration of organs such as liver, heart, spleen, and adrenal gland of cholesterol given rabbits.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2000

본 연구는 한국과 일본의 특정 도시내 주거녹지의 미기후개선 및 $CO_2$ 농도저감 효과를 계량화하였다. 또한, 도시수목에 의한 화재방지의 효과를 검토하고, 그들 효과를 함께 증진하기 위한 녹지계획 및 관리 전략을 제시하였다. 수목 생장기간 중 평균 온도는 수목피도 12% 및 22%인 지구에서 녹지부재의 지구보다 각각 0.5$^{\circ}C$, 1.2$^{\circ}C$ 더 낮았다. 수목의 호당 연간 $CO_2$, 흡수량과 $O_2$, 생산량은 수목피도가 2배 더 높은 지구에서 3배 더 많았다. 수목피도 22% 지구의 수목은 광합성과 에너지 절약을 통해 지구 총 $CO_2$배출량의 약 3%를 해마다 상쇄시켰고, 지구내 거주민 모두가 연간 필요로 하는 산소량의 약 10%를 생산하는 중요한 역할을 담당하였다. 흉고직경 15cm인 느티나무 한 그루의 8월 하루 증산량은 7,100kca1/h(사무실 24평용) 냉방능력을 가진 냉방기를 12시간 동안 약 3대 가동하는 효과와 같았다. 또한, 그 수목은 해마다 32리터의 휘발유 소비에 따른 $CO_2$, 배출량을 상쇄시켰고, 한 사람이 68일간 호흡하는데 필요한 산소량을 생산하였다. 화재 방지를 비롯한 미기후개선 및 $CO_2$ 농도저감의 효과를 증진하기 위해, 수종선정 , 건물주변 식재기법, 녹지확충, 식생관리 등과 관련된 도시 주거녹지의 적정한 계획 및 관리전략을 제시하였다. 제안한 전략은 현존 단독주거지에서는 물론 새로운 주거단지를 조성하는데 유용하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the function of microclimate amelioration of urban trees regarding the environmental benefits of street trees in summer, focusing on the heat pollution-urban heat island, tropical climate day's phenomenon and air pollution. We measured the diurnal variation of air/ground temperatures and humidity within the vegetation canopy with the meteorological tower observation system. Summertime air temperatures within the vegetation canopy layer were 1-2$^{\circ}C$ cooler than in places with no vegetation. Due to lack of evaporation, the ground surface temperatures of footpaths were, at a midafternoon maximum, 8$^{\circ}C$ hotter than those under trees. This means that heat flows from a place with no vegetation to a vegetation canopy layer during the daytime. The heat is consumed as a evaporation latent heat. These results suggest that the extension of vegetation canopy bring about a more pleasant urban climate. Diurnal variation of air/ground temperatures and humidity within the vegetation canopy were measured with the meteorological tower observation system. According to the findings, summertime air temperatures under a vegetation canopy layer were 1-2$^{\circ}C$ cooler than places with no vegetation. Due mainly to lack of evaporation the ground surface temperature of footpaths were up to 8$^{\circ}C$ hotter than under trees during mid-afternoon. This means that heat flows from a place where there is no vegetation to another place where there is a vegetation canopy layer during the daytime. Through the energy redistribution analysis, we ascertain that the major part of solar radiation reaching the vegetation cover is consumed as a evaporation latent heat. This result suggests that the expansion of vegetation cover creates a more pleasant urban climate through the cooling effect in summer. Vegetation plays an important role because of its special properties with energy balance. Depended on their evapotranspiration, vegetation cover and water surfaces diminish the peaks of temperature during the day. The skill to make the best use of the vegetation effect in urban areas is a very important planning device to optimize urban climate. Numerical simulation study to examine the vegetation effects on urban climate will be published in our next research paper.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.211-247
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• 2021

Livestock species experience several stresses, particularly weaning, transportation, overproduction, crowding, temperature, and diseases in their life. Heat stress (HS) is one of the most stressors, which is encountered in livestock production systems throughout the world, especially in the tropical regions and is likely to be intensified due to global rise in environmental temperature. The gut has emerged as one of the major target organs affected by HS. The alpha- and beta-diversity of gut microbiota composition are altered due to heat exposure to animals with greater colonization of pathogenic microbiota groups. HS also induces several changes in the gut including damages of microstructures of the mucosal epithelia, increased oxidative insults, reduced immunity, and increased permeability of the gut to toxins and pathogens. Vulnerability of the intestinal barrier integrity leads to invasion of pathogenic microbes and translocation of antigens to the blood circulations, which ultimately may cause systematic inflammations and immune responses. Moreover, digestion of nutrients in the guts may be impaired due to reduced enzymatic activity in the digesta, reduced surface areas for absorption and injury to the mucosal structure and altered expressions of the nutrient transport proteins and genes. The systematic hormonal changes due to HS along with alterations in immune and inflammatory responses often cause reduced feed intake and production performance in livestock and poultry. The altered microbiome likely orchestrates to the hosts for various relevant biological phenomena occurring in the body, but the exact mechanisms how functional communications occur between the microbiota and HS responses are yet to be elucidated. This review aims to discuss the effects of HS on microbiota composition, mucosal structure, oxidant-antioxidant balance mechanism, immunity, and barrier integrity in the gut, and production performance of farm animals along with the dietary ameliorations of HS. Also, this review attempts to explain the mechanisms how these biological responses are affected by HS.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.425-440
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• 2023

Background: Muscimol's quick onset and GABAergic properties make it a promising candidate for the treatment of pain. This systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies aimed at summarizing the evidence regarding the efficacy of muscimol administration in the amelioration of nerve injury-related neuropathic pain. Methods: Two independent researchers performed the screening process in Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science extracting data were extracted into a checklist designed according to the PRISMA guideline. A standardized mean difference (SMD [95% confidence interval]) was calculated for each. To assess the heterogeneity between studies, ² and chi-square tests were utilized. In the case of heterogeneity, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the potential source. Results: Twenty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. Pooled data analysis showed that the administration of muscimol during the peak effect causes a significant reduction in mechanical allodynia (SMD = 1.78 [1.45-2.11]; P < 0.0001; I² = 72.70%), mechanical hyperalgesia (SMD = 1.62 [1.28-1.96]; P < 0.0001; I² = 40.66%), and thermal hyperalgesia (SMD = 2.59 [1.79-3.39]; P < 0.0001; I² = 80.33%). This significant amendment of pain was observed at a declining rate from 15 minutes to at least 180 minutes post-treatment in mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia, and up to 30 minutes in thermal hyperalgesia (P < 0 .0001). Conclusions: Muscimol is effective in the amelioration of mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, and thermal hyperalgesia, exerting its analgesic effects 15 minutes after administration for up to at least 3 hours.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2012

The placebo effect, a response observed during the placebo arm of a clinical trial, is produced by the psychobiological action of the placebo as well as by other potential contributors to symptom amelioration such as spontaneous improvement, regression to the mean, biases, concurrent treatments, and study design. From a psychological viewpoint, there are many mechanisms that contribute to placebo effects, including expectations, conditioning, learning, and anxiety reduction. Placebo responses are also mediated by opioid and non-opioid mechanisms including dopamine, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and immune mediators. During recent years, a trend towards increased placebo effects in clinical trials of neuropsychiatric drugs has been noted. Indeed, the placebo effects observed in clinical trials constitute an increasing problem and interfere with signal-detection analyses of potential treatments. Several potential factors including protocol/study design and conduct related factors may account for the placebo effect observed in clinical trials. This paper reviews key issues related to this problem and aims to identify potential solutions.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

Hesperidin, a member of the flavanone group of flavonoids, can be isolated in large amounts from the rinds of some citrus species [e.g., Citrus aurantium L. (bitter orange), Citrus sinensis L. (sweet orange) and Citrus unshiu Marcov. (satsuma mandarin)], and has been reported to have anticarcinogenic, antihypotensive and antimicrobial properties. Despite the efficacy of these polyphenolic compounds as immune modulators, the effects of the flavonoids are poorly understood about allergic effect. In this study, we investigated whether hesperidin could influence on Th1 and Th2 balance. Allergic reactions included an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration into the lung tissue around blood vessels and airways, airway luminal narrowing, the development of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). The administration of hesperidin before the last airway OVA challenge resulted in a significant inhibition of all asthmatic reactions. Accordingly, this study may provide evidence that hesperidin plays a critical role in the amelioration of the pathogenetic process of asthma in mice. These findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of hesperidin in terms of its effects in a murine model of asthma, and also broaden current perspectives in our understanding of the immunopharmacological functions of hesperidin.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2002

Effect of single administration of Polygala tenuipolia was examined on short-term memory in step through test and the intensity of the immunoreactive c-Fos protein induced by oral administration of ethanol. The acquisition of memory was significantly reduced by ethanol, and ethanol amnesia was remarkably reversed following oral administration of Polygala tenuifolia. c-Fos protein in normal rat brain was highly expressed in order of thalamus, pariental cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdaloid and cingulate cortex. The expression of Fos protein was remarkably suppressed by single administration of ethanol. The inhibitory effect of ethanol on expression of Fos protein was reversed by single administration of Polygara tenuipolia, especially tissues of limbic areas such as amygdala, parietal cortex and CA3 of hippocampus. These results suggested that the amelioration process of Polygala tenuipolia on ethanol amnesia seems to be involve the expression of c-Fos protein in partly.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.556-564
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• 1993

The response of salt affected rice soils to salinity reclaimation by flushings and chemical amelioration by lime and gypsum were evaluated . Soils with good drainage system responded well to simple reclimation . The effects of seawater intrusion were reduced efficiently in a very short time. Yields of rice crops recovered to their potential level within one to two seasons of cropping. Soil profile strength was also improved under well drained areas. However, when drainage system was ineffective the problems of salinity and soil strength remained unsolved. Under both condition, water depth management played important role in the survival of rice crop under the sline soil conditions.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.787-792
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to suggest the fundamental data of durability which effects on the Carbonation of concrete by adding various admixture additives. Thus, We have experimented the accelerated test on the concrete blending which was admixed by blast furnace slag, fly-ash, silica fume , durability amelioration and it was cured 7weeks after twenty eight days water curing. The result of this experiment is that Carbonation speed increased extremely when water cement ratio went up, and by growing of replace cement ratio of admixture additives. The specimen which was added fly-ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume has the faster Carbonation speed than the specimen which was not added admixture additives. All of these specimen, fly-ash has the fastest progress speed.