• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.95-104
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a method to design a generalized sinusoidal frequency modulated(GSFM) pulse that is robust to reverberation environment. GSFM pulses are a generalized form of SFM(Sinusoidal frequency modulated) pulses, which have the advantage of having a thumbtack ambiguity function with excellent range and Doppler resolution. However, the periodicity disappears during the generalization process, therefore, the detection performance is reduced in reverberation environment compared to SFM pulse with comb spectrum. In this paper, the trade-off relationship between the reverberation suppression performance of the SFM pulse and the range resolution performance of the GSFM pulse is analyzed by appropriately changing the parameter ${\rho}$ of the GSFM pulse. In order to verify the performance of the proposed GSFM pulse, the simulation was performed and it was confirmed that the proposed GSFM pulse has excellent distance resolution while detecting the slow Doppler target.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.205-222
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• 2008

This study investigated scope relations between quantifier and focus which are represented in quantified sentences. In the sentence which has both strong quantifier and weak quantifier, one of them has a wide scope and a presuppositional reading, and the other which has a narrow one is interpreted non-presuppositionally. In Korean, when a weak quantifier is separated from VP in surface representation, whether it is a subject or an object, it has only a presuppositional reading. Therefore, there is no scope ambiguity in that sentence. However, when weak quantifier which is an object of transitive verb or a subject of transitive verb is sensitive to focus, it is available to non-presuppositional reading, so that the sentence seems to be ambiguous. Once even weak quantifier out of VP in the Surface structure is focused, it becomes to be in the scope of focus (focal phrase) which is formed in Logical form by a focus projection. And this scope of focus corresponds to a nuclear scope. That is to say, focus operates on the weak quantifier to be interpreted non-presuppositionally in a nuclear scope.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.319-331
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• 2020

This study investigated the meaning of absolute music of the first movement of Brahms' symphony No. 1, which was used as film music in the films "Tetro" and "Savages" and interpreted the meaning of this music used in these two films. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics that classical music can be interpreted ambiguously in films. In particular, it was examined whether film music could be interpreted in a new meaning rather than a program music. The first movement of Brahms' symphony No. 1 is in a sonata form and has the characteristics of a chromatic grammar of the romanticism. In "Tetro", the irony about the value connection between this music and the characters of the film, the composition process of this music and the historicity that appeared in the character story of the film presented important. On the other hand, in "Savages", the chromatic grammar of this music expresses the emotional meaning of the characters in the film and the atmosphere of the event. This can be said to be the role of program music. In particular, the scene in which this music is used at the end of "Tetro" shows an ambiguous characteristic that can interpret a piece of music in different meanings depending on which of the two characters appearing in the film interprets the music from the perspective of the character. And the fact that Brahms spent 21 years to complete this music and that Tetro, the main character of the film, spent about 10 years before going through theatrical scenario and submitting it to the festival in the film, coincide with each other in terms of historicality. This gives the meaning of understanding film music from a new point of view, not from the point of view of absolute music or program music. In addition, this musical setting made the music recognized as an essential element of the film and as an irreplaceable auditory theme. When classical music meets other art such as film, this ambiguity Characteristics of music will have a great influence on the new perception of classical music.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.405-428
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• 1990

Language has a social function to communicate information. Linguists have gradually paid their attention to the function of language since the nineteen sixties, especially to the relationship of form, meaning and the function. The relationship could be more clearly grasped through disciyrse-based analysis than through sentence-based analysis. Many researches were centered on the discourse functional notion of topic. In the early 1970's the subject was defined as the grammatiocalized topic the topic as a discrete single constituent of the clause. In the late 1970's several lingusts including Givon suggerted that the topic was not an atomic, disctete entity, and that the clause could have more than one topic. The purpose of the present study is, following Givon, to study grammatical coding devices of topic and to measure the relative topic continuity/discontinuity of participant argu, ents in Korean narratives. By so doing, I would like to shed some light on effective ways of communicating information. The grammatical coding devices analyzed are the following eight structures: zero-anaphora, personal pronous, demonstrative pronouns, names, noun phrases following demonstratives, noun phrases following possessives, definite noun phrases and indefinite referentials. The narrative studied for the count was taken from the KoreanCIA chief's Testiomny:Revolution and Idol by Hyung Wook Kim. It was chosen because it was assumed that Kim's purpose in the novel was to tell a true story, which would not distort the natural use of language for literary effect. The measures taken in the analysis wre those of 'lookback', 'persistence', ambiguity'. The first of these, 'lookback', is a measure of the size of gap between the previous occurrence of a referent and its current occurence in the clause. The meausure of persistence, which is a measure of the speaker's topocal intent, reflects the topic's importance in the discourse. The third measure is a measure of ambiguity. This is necessary for assessing the disruptive effects that other topics within five previous clauses may have on topic identification. The more other topics are present within five previous clauses, the more difficult is the task of correct identification of a topic. The results of the present study show that the humanness of entities is the most powerful factior in topic continutiy in narrative discourse. The semantic roles of human arguments in narrative discourse tend to be agents or experiences. Since agents and experiences have high topicality in discourse, human entities clearly become clausal or discoursal topics. The results also show that the grammatical devices signal varying degrees of topic continuity discontinuity in continuous discourse. The more continuous a topic argument is, the less it is coded. For example, personal pronouns have the most continutiy and indefinite referentials have the least continutiy. The study strongly shows that topic continuity discontinutiy is controlled not only by grammatical devices available in the language but by socio-cultural factors and writer's intentions.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-32
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• 2011

I. Introduction: In Chinese electronics industry, the local wholesalers are still dominant but power is rapidly swifting from wholesalers to retailers because in recent foreign big retailers and local mass merchandisers are growing fast. During such transient period, conflicts among channel members emerge important issues. For example, when wholesalers who have more power exercise influence strategies to maintain status, conflicts among manufacturer, wholesaler, and retailer will be intensified. Korean electronics companies in China need differentiated channel strategies by dealing with wholesalers and retailers simultaneously to sell more Korean products in competition with foreign firms. For example, Korean electronics firms should utilize 'guanxi' or relational quality to form long-term relationships with whloesalers instead of power and conflict issues. The major purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of conflict, dependency, and influence strategies between local Korean-products-selling retailers and wholesalers on performance in Chinese electronics distribution channels. In particular, this paper proposes effective distribution strategies for Korean electronics companies in China by analyzing moderating effects of 'Guanxi'. II. Literature Review and Hypotheses: The specific purposes of this study are as follows. First, causes of conflicts between local Korean-products-selling retailers and wholesalers are examined from the perspectives of goal incongruence and role ambiguity and then effects of these causes are found out on perceived conflicts of local retailers. Second, the effects of dependency of local retailers upon wholesalers are investigated on local retailers' perceived conflicts. Third, the effects of non-coercive influence strategies such as information exchange and recommendation and coercive strategies such as threats and legalistic pleas exercised by wholesalers are explored on perceived conflicts by local retailers. Fourth, the effects of level of conflicts perceived by local retailers are verified on local retailers' financial performance and satisfaction. Fifth, moderating effects of relational qualities, say, 'quanxi' between wholesalers and retailers are analyzed on the impact of wholesalers' influence strategies on retailers' performances. Finally, moderating effects of relational qualities are examined on the relationship between conflicts and performance. To accomplish above-mentioned research objectives, Figure 1 and the following research hypotheses are proposed and verified. III. Measurement and Data Analysis: To verify the proposed research model and hypotheses, data were collected from 97 retailers who are selling Korean electronic products located around Central and Southern regions in China. Covariance analysis and moderated regression analysis were employed to validate hypotheses. IV. Conclusion: The following results were drawn using structural equation modeling and hierarchical moderated regression. First, goal incongruence perceived by local retailers significantly affected conflict but role ambiguity did not. Second, consistent with conflict spiral theory, the level of conflict decreased when retailers' dependency increased toward wholesalers. Third, noncoercive influence strategies such as information exchange and recommendation implemented by wholesalers had significant effects on retailers' performance such as sales and satisfaction without conflict. On the other hand, coercive influence strategies such as threat and legalistic plea had insignificant effects on performance in spite of increasing the level of conflict. Fourth, 'guanxi', namely, relational quality between local retailers and wholesalers showed unique effects on performance. In case of noncoercive influence strategies, 'guanxi' did not play a role of moderator. Rather, relational quality and noncoercive influence strategies can serve as independent variables to enhance performance. On the other hand, when 'guanxi' was well built due to mutual trust and commitment, relational quality as a moderator can positively function to improve performance even though hostile, coercive influence strategies were implemented. Fifth, 'guanxi' significantly moderated the effects of conflict on performance. Even if conflict arises, local retailers who form solid relational quality can increase performance by dealing with dysfunctional conflict synergistically compared with low 'quanxi' retailers. In conclusion, this study verified the importance of relational quality via 'quanxi' between local retailers and wholesalers in Chinese electronic industry because relational quality could cross out the adverse effects of coercive influence strategies and conflict on performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.3 s.43
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• pp.197-207
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• 1992

Expressionism, is as diverse as the artists invo)ved, in a very broad sense two main tendencies may be noted. The first is that of the Action painters, concerned in different ways with the gesture of the brush and the texture of the paint. It included such major artists as Arshile Gorky, Jackson Pollock, Willem De Keening, and Franz Kline. The other group consisted of the Color Field painters, concerned with the statement of an abstract sign or tranquil image in terms of a large, unified color shape or area. Here must be included Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman, Ad Rdinhardt, as well as, to a degree, Adolph Gottlieb, Robert Motherwell, and Clyf(ord Still. In this paper, 1 selected two artists Arshile Gorky and Jackson Pollock independent charac-teristics and studied the influence of their Action painting on the fabrics of modern fashion. However, it should be noted it was never the intention of the critic Harold Rosenberg, in coining this term, to imply that Action painting was a kind of athletic exercise. Nor is it true that the furious and seemingly haphazard scattering of the paint involved a completely uncontrolled, intuitive act. There is no question that, in the paintings of Jackson Pollock, Arshile Gorky and many of the other Abstract Expressionists, the element of intuition or the accidental plays a large and deliberate part; this was indeed one of the principal contributions of Abstract Expressionism which had found its own inspiration in surrealism's 'psychic automaton'. However, nothing that an experienced and accomplished artist does can be completely accidental. Aside from their intrinsic quality, the spun-out skeins of poured pigments contributed other elements that changed the course of modern painting. There was the concept of the all-over painting, the painting seemingly without beginning or end, extending to the very limits of the canvas and implying an extension even beyond. The feeling of absorption or participation is heightened by the ambiguity of the picture space. The colors and lines, although never punctur-ing deep perspective holes in the surface, still create an illusion of continuous movement, a billowing, a surging back and forth, within a limited depth. To study the influence of Abstract Expressionism on the fabric of modern fashion, 1 selected and examined four fashion magazines: Collezioni published in France, Bazaar in Italy, Gap in Japan and Vogue in the U.S.a. froim January 1989 to June 1991. As a result of this review I found that some fabrics used in modern clothing are printed in a dripping, pouring and splashing style without any meaning or form. Slides included in the presentation show that modern fabrics which are printed in such a style were influenced by Abstract Expressionism. The slides also show that these abstract prints are well suited to modern fashion design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.4 s.113
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• pp.173-187
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze the fetishist characteristics and the aesthetic values of glamour style based on the premise that fetishism is the theoretical root of glamour style expressed in fashion throughout history. The following results are from analysing fetishist characteristics of glamour style. First, luxury was analysed from an angle of commodity fetishism. Every culture develops images and stories that portray a world in which its ideals are realized: a paradise, a utopia, a golden age, etc. Consumer goods often serve as 'bridges to these ideals'. People thus can fantasize about owning the perfect life. Crucially, however, they must never get everything they picture. That is why luxuries often take on displaced meaning. Glamour gives the displaced meaning visual form, making it beautiful and real. Second, the attention on the glamour of luxury goods as a bridge to ideals is connected to the glamour icon who is simultaneously a consumer of these luxury goods and a producer of cultural goods. Glamour icons including the courtesan of the late 19th century, the actress of the 1930s' Hollywood golden age and today's celebrities appear to efface the traces of production and create fetishist images in culture. Through this artificial principle, the commodity-cum-glamour icon comes to life as a splendid image of spectacle. Third, masquerade and seduction were analysed from an angle of sexual fetishism. A magnificent image of masquerade as sexual fetishism is often equated with femininity, especially in Hollywood movies, because the artificial seduction of the feminine -namely glamour- can be effected by the absence or silence of being. That is to say, the aesthetic revelation of femininity coincides with the fleshing out of artificial signs. Masquerade and the seduction of the feminine are connected with glamour's artificial sensuality from this point. Fourth, since 1980's when homosexuality as sexual deviation resurfaced as a hot topic, sexual ambiguity and bisexual image have gained attention as perverse sexuality. Next came queer theory, which reduced gender itself to a matter of surface rather than depth. According to queer theory, gender itself can be revealed as a kind of drag act. Drag's imitative performance may reveal that womanliness is just about 'dragging up'. Queerness as a decadent play makes a connection with the wicked origins of glamour. From these characteristics, four aesthetic values were deduced: ostentatious luxury and mysterious idolatry by commodity fetishism, artificial sensuality and playful queerness by sexual fetishism.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.279-290
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• 2013

In digital forensics log files have been stored as a form of large data for the purpose of tracing users' past behaviors. It is difficult for investigators to manually analysis the large log data without clues. In this paper, we propose a text mining technique for extracting intrusion logs from a large log set to recommend reliable evidences to investigators. In the training stage, the proposed method extracts intrusion association words from a training log set by using Apriori algorithm after preprocessing and the probability of intrusion for association words are computed by combining support and confidence. Robinson's method of computing confidences for filtering spam mails is applied to extracting intrusion logs in the proposed method. As the results, the association word knowledge base is constructed by including the weights of the probability of intrusion for association words to improve the accuracy. In the test stage, the probability of intrusion logs and the probability of normal logs in a test log set are computed by Fisher's inverse chi-square classification algorithm based on the association word knowledge base respectively and intrusion logs are extracted from combining the results. Then, the intrusion logs are recommended to investigators. The proposed method uses a training method of clearly analyzing the meaning of data from an unstructured large log data. As the results, it complements the problem of reduction in accuracy caused by data ambiguity. In addition, the proposed method recommends intrusion logs by using Fisher's inverse chi-square classification algorithm. So, it reduces the rate of false positive(FP) and decreases in laborious effort to extract evidences manually.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.189-203
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• 2010

Is presenting guidance of information performance measurement as government PRM version 2.0 these common reference models in public sector. Government PRM is consisted of assessment classification system and standard line of sight and performance management standard form. Through this, is sorting performance element and define cause-and effect. Government PRM is supplying measurement categories at assessment classification system, but relative importance for application standard by measurement categories is not presenting. In this study, importance for government PRM's measurement categories been applying by commonness Test of information performance measurement of public sector wishes to deduce estimation and priority. Research model used Fuzzy QFD, and designed so that can reflect well PRM's development purpose. I applied Fuzzy AHP and FPP method that graft together fuzzy theory to minimize uncertainty and ambiguity in that expert opinion. Is drawn to element that "Standard model offer for information department and management" is the most important in government PRM's development purpose. "Quality of service" is showing the highest priority in customer results in measurement category. Importance for government PRM's measurement categories can offer common valuation basis in government and public institution. Hereafter if examine closely quantitative cause-and effect for structure model of measurement classification system when study government PRM more objective and efficient reference model become.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.87-108
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• 2014

In this study, we tried to find ways to minimize the negative effects of workplace bullying by analysing how workplace bullying affects private security guard's job attitude. The results of survey are as follows. First, as the result of analysis how the guard's workplace bullying affects job satisfaction, one of the job attitude, it showed that relational aggression and workplace bullying have a negative effect on their job satisfaction. In other words, job satisfaction decreases as relational aggression and workplace bullying increase. Second, as the result of analysis how the guard's workplace bullying affects their turnover intention, we found that relational aggression and workplace bullying have an effect on turnover intention, especially, relationally workplace bullying has a more effect on their turnover intention than relational aggression, which Is somewhat different from other studies. Study shows that workplace bullying can cause the guard's negative respond and behavior on their job satisfaction, they have to consider transferring another job. Therefore, increasing their job satisfaction and decreasing turnover intention are very important as we are exposed to crimes these days. In this study, we have come with following solutions. First, to increase job satisfaction against workplace bullying, we have to raise the efficiency of their human resources and reduce work ambiguity of actual work burden caused by positive organizational atmosphere and clear responsibility. Second, it is needed to promote personnel exchange between departments and form partnership through regular meetings by targeting common goals to concentrate same interests. At the same time, we have to improve the guard's welfare and working environment by introducing psychological counselling to the victims of bullying.