• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.105-121
• /
• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Sa-am acupuncture with tonifications of kidney and urinary bladder on radial pulse in healthy subjects. Methods : Sixty healthy subjects participated in this study, and were divided into a kidney tonifying acupuncture group(KI group), urinary bladder tonifying acupuncture group(BL group) and control group. Radial pulse was measured by 3 dimensional pulse imaging system(DMP-3000) before, immediately after, 30 minutes after, and 60 minutes after acupuncture at Cun, Guan, and Chi in each time. Results : 1. BL group exhibited significantly reduced T1 / T, T4 / T, T4 / (T-T4), T5 / T and increased(T-T4) / T compared to KI group. 2. BL group showed increase of radial augmentation index / heart rate(RAI / HR) in left Cun, H5, Ad / Ap in left Chi, H1, As / Ap in right Chi compared to KI group. BL group showed decrease of As / Ap, Aw / Ap in left Chi, H1, pulse depth, Ad / Ap in right Chi compared to KI group. 3. KI group showed increase of Aw / Ap, H1, H2, H4, pulse area in right Guan, pulse depth in right Chi compared to BL group. KI group showed decrease of RAI in left Cun, applied pressure, pulse depth in left Guan, Aw / Ap in right Chi compared to BL group. Conclusions : The effects of Sa-am acupuncture with tonifications of kidney and urinary bladder in healthy humans have been observed on various parameters. The parameters analysed in this study can be used to differentiate the effects of Sa-am acupuncture with tonifications of kidney and urinary bladder on radial pulse.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.24-38
• /
• 2002

This study was undertaken to examine the effects of acupuncture at LI4 on temperature changes of the facial surface randomly divided into 17 areas. The volunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 20 - 30 min in room temperature ($23-25^{\circ}C$) before acupuncture and informed them what to prohibit smoking, drinking and drug for the previous one day. The Temperature of facial surface was measured by using Digital Thermography IR 2000 (Meridian Co., Korea) at 5 min before and immediately, 5, 10, and 15 min after acupuncture on LI4. The results of this study showed that there was no significancy in thermal changes of facial surface randomly divided into 17 areas, but different significantly in the aggregate changes at the difference of the thermal changes on facial surface (p < 0.001). The difference of aggregate change was increased time-dependent and the changes at 1st, 3rd, and 13th area were comparatively smaller than the other areas. However, the changes at 6th, 8th, 10th and 15th area were more increased than the others. This study suggests that acupuncture at LI 4 help human being increase the reaction to maintain thermal homeostasis in facial surface and the ability to treat at these area's disease.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.267-280
• /
• 2019

Adaptive Management (AM) is one of the best available approaches for managing natural resources in the presence of uncertainty. In spite of the limitations, AM has been widely applied in nature resource management policies and plans internationally, while application of AM in nature resource management in Korea is limitedly used. Accordingly, this study reviews application of AM in nature resource management research in Korea with respect to its definitions, procedures, impediments and considerations. The present study also reviews recent ecological modelling studies which is an essential component of AM approach. Finally, management of artificial sea forest, coastal wetlands and fisheries are suggested as the recommended fields to adopt AM.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.249-258
• /
• 1998

In land mobile communication, very extensive studies on pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) have been made on fading compensation. This paper analyzes the effect of power amplifier nonlinearity on PSA-QAM with maximal ratio combining space diversity. In practical PSAM, information on fading is obtained through interpolation of the pilot symbols. We employed the interpolation filter which could minimize the average power of error and analyzed effects on the system performance of the number of filter taps, period of the pilot symbol frame, and the Doppler frequency. Nonlinear power amplifiers of class AB, B, and C were incorporated in the system models and their AM/AM and AM/PM characteristics were taken into account in the performance analysis. We showed the performance variations according to the types of the nonlinear power amplifiers in the AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels using nonlinear compensation technique, Cartesian Feedback Loop (CFB).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.371-378
• /
• 2014

As people are taking part in more versatile social activities, it becomes more frequent and more important for people to share personal information each other in appropriate level. Unfortunately, although the rapid spread of smart devices and advance of network technologies have brought many applications for information sharing into our hands, they do not provide effective mechanism for sharing personal information on collocated people. In this paper, we introduce an android application named WhoAmI which provides the functionality of sharing personal information on nearby users over Wi-Fi Direct as well as Wi-Fi network environment. According to the predefined access level such as business, community or friend, WhoAmI naturally provides profile information to accessible users. In addition, the information such as music, photo, movie can be effectively shared through the application.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2009

The effects of Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) and Annealed Martensite (AM) heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties were investigated for 0.24C-0.5Si-1.5Mn-1Al steels. The Q&P steels were annealed at a single phase ($\gamma$) or a dual phase (${\gamma}+{\alpha}$), followed by quenching to a temperature between $M_s$ and $M_f$. Then, enriching carbon was conducted to stabilize the austenite through the partitioning, followed by water quenching. The AM steels were intercritically annealed at a dual phase (${\gamma}+{\alpha}$) temperature and austempered at $M_s$ and $M_s{\pm}50^{\circ}C$, followed by cooling in oil quenching. The dual phase Q&P steels showed lower tensile strength and yieldyield strength than those of the single phase Q&P steels, and tThe elongation for the dual phase Q&P steel was partitioning 100s higher than that of that for the single phase Q&P steels as the partitioning time was less than 100s up to partitioning 100s. For AM steels, the tensile/yield strength decreased and the total elongation increased as the austempering temperature increased. The stability of the retained austenite controlled the elongation for Q&P steels and the volume fraction of the retained austenite controlled the elongation for AM steels.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 2009

Objective : Acupuncture has been widely used throughout the world for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (knee OA). This study investigated whether acupuncture, particularly Sa-am acupuncture, could be effective in relieving pain and improving the symptoms of knee OA. Method : This study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, controlled, and patient- and investigator-blinded clinical trial. Forty volunteers with knee OA participated in the study. All participants were screened through an inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty four participants completed the clinical trial. In total, forty subjects were randomly selected to receive Sa-am acupuncture. Eight sessions of acupuncture were given at the contralateral side of the problematic knee for 4 weeks. Korean translation of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (KWOMAC) scores were measured twice: at the beginning and end of the clinical trial period. Both the Patient Global Assessment and physical health scores based on the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey were also used to measure the results. Results : Compared to the pre-trial scores, the Sa-am acupuncture group (n=34) showed a significant decrease in KWOMAC total scores according to a paired t-test. The Sa-am acupuncture group also showed significant improvement in the Patient Global Assessment when compared to the pre-trial. Conclusions : Sa-am acupuncture for knee OA resulted in an improved KWOMAC total score. This was mostly driven by the function component score that was greatly affected by acupuncture. However, further studies with expanded designs are needed to solidify this finding with scientific rigor.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.256-262
• /
• 2006

This paper proposes a new predistortion linearizer to compensate for AM/AM and AM/PM in the nonlinear characteristics of amplifier. This consists of common-emitter amplifier and schottky diode that is connected between emitter and ground. When effective resistance of the schottky diode with bias condition varies, common-emitter amplifier with series feedback has a increase of amplitude and expansion of phase. This makes a amplifier nonlinear characteristics are to be improved. The proposed linearizer and amplifier has been manufactured and tested to operate in cellular base station frequency (869~894MHz). The test results show that third order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) cab be removed by more than 10.4dB in case of CW 2-tone signals ${\Delta}f$=1MHz, and the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) also can be improved by more than 9.6dB for CDMA IS-95 1FA signals.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.726-732
• /
• 2019

In this study, we proposed an asymmetric differential inductor to improve the linearity of differential power amplifiers. Considering the phase error between differential signals of the differential amplifier, the location of the center tap of the differential inductor was modified to minimize the error. As a result, the center tap was positioned asymmetrically inside the differential inductor. With the asymmetric differential inductor, the AM-to-AM and AM-to-PM distortions of the amplifier were suppressed. To confirm the feasibility of the inductor, we designed a 2.4 GHz differential CMOS PA for IEEE 802.11n WLAN applications with a 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 9.6 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and a bandwidth of 20 MHz. The designed power amplifier was fabricated using the 180-nm RF CMOS process. The measured maximum linear output power was 17 dBm, whereas EVM was 5%.

• Biomedical Engineering Letters
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.337-344
• /
• 2018

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an alternative metal fabrication technology. The outstanding advantage of AM (3D-printing, direct manufacturing), is the ability to form shapes that cannot be formed with any other traditional technology. 3D-printing began as a new method of prototyping in plastics. Nowadays, AM in metals allows to realize not only net-shape geometry, but also high fatigue strength and corrosion resistant parts. This success of AM in metals enables new applications of the technology in important fields, such as production of medical implants. The 3D-printing of medical implants is an extremely rapidly developing application. The success of this development lies in the fact that patient-specific implants can promote patient recovery, as often it is the only alternative to amputation. The production of AM implants provides a relatively fast and effective solution for complex surgical cases. However, there are still numerous challenging open issues in medical 3D-printing. The goal of the current research review is to explain the whole technological and design chain of bio-medical bone implant production from the computed tomography that is performed by the surgeon, to conversion to a computer aided drawing file, to production of implants, including the necessary post-processing procedures and certification. The current work presents examples that were produced by joint work of Polygon Medical Engineering, Russia and by TechMed, the AM Center of Israel Institute of Metals. Polygon provided 3D-planning and 3D-modelling specifically for the implants production. TechMed were in charge of the optimization of models and they manufactured the implants by Electron-Beam Melting ($EBM^{(R)}$), using an Arcam $EBM^{(R)}$ A2X machine.