• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.73-83
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• 2014

Participants in Open Source Software (OSS) development projects usually contribute voluntarily without expecting direct compensation for their work. One of the central puzzles raised by the success of OSS is the motivation of the participants; why top-notch programmers choose to write software that is released for no fee. In order to respond to this peculiarity employing a meta-research method, we first identify and review theoretical perspectives from diverse disciplines including economics, sociology, political science, anthropology, psychology, and management. Then, we suggest a comprehensive framework that provides a holistic understanding of the puzzle in question. Reviewing key empirical studies based on the suggested framework, we also suggest a future research agenda.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the present state, types of services, difficulties, education programs, motivation, satisfaction and attitude of hospice volunteers and also to suggest supporting programs for the volunteer. For these purposes, a questionnaire was distributed among the 200 hospice volunteers in ten hospice organizations in Daejeon and Chungcheong province. In this research, 85.5% of the respondents were women and most of them were housewives in their forties and fifties. The majority of hospice volunteers had an education background of more than high school. Christianity (94%) was the dominant religion of volunteers. Among the service area of the hospice, emotional caring, such as listening closely and establishing empathy were the most frequently done by the respondents and the next one was spiritual care. Hospice volunteers who had started with altruistic motivation show more dynamic activities in emotional, spiritual, physical caring and so on, than those with non-altruistic motivation. Most of the respondents expressed that they felt a hospice volunteer was valuable. However they had a hard time to overcome the sorrow coming from sharing empathy with the dying patients. Those who had started with altruistic motivation usually took part in two times per a week and had more positive attitude. Volunteers who had been working more than five years showed better attitude than those who had been working less than three years. The longer the voluntary services, the more positive attitude experienced by volunteers. Hospice volunteers encountered the most considerable difficulty with lack of background knowledge and their actual capability. Insufficiency of time was the next reason for the considerable difficulty of the hospice volunteer. On the other hand, those who served more than twice per week replied that lack of background knowledge and their capability were the least considerable difficulty. Insufficiency of time was the reason of difficulty for male volunteers, as well as for females under thirty and those in their forties and fifties respectively. Generally most of the hospice volunteers (70%) were satisfied with their services and they usually satisfied with physical caring, spiritual caring, hospice's family caring. The less difficulty in voluntary services, more satisfaction for the volunteers in the end. There is a positive correlation between a attitude of the hospice volunteer and frequency of voluntary services while the volunteers' difficulty affect negatively their attitude as well as the frequency of voluntary services. Most of the hospice volunteers want to have more education about basic skills, volunteer's attitude and role, spirituality, the way of attending on the hospice and so on. Most of them considered discussion and sharing different cases as the most effective method. They also wish to had more supporting programs for the hospice volunteers(in the order of their needs) such as regular events, newsletters, personal concern, social meetings among the volunteers, insurance and minimum expenses. Based on the study results, more programs should be run in order to activate the voluntary services regardless of their gender and education background. A continuous practical supporting policy and education programs are required in order to provide special education and training courses considering every field of voluntary services. Expanding the role of the volunteers allows them more opportunities to take part in voluntary services and th activate participation. It is necessary to establish a new hospice system as a part public medical system, which can not only facilitate the voluntary services for a hospice but also enhance professional hospice volunteers. Finally, experts are needed to operate the voluntary services effectively.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2013

Open Source Software Development (OSSD) differentiates itself from traditional closed software development in that it reveals its source codes online and allows anyone to participate in projects. Even though its success was in doubt, many of the open collaborative working models produced successful results. Academia started to get interested in how developers are willing to participate even when there are no extrinsic rewards for their efforts. Many studies tried to explain developers' motivations, and the pursuit of ideology, reputation, and altruism are found to be the answers. Those studies, however, focused mostly on how the first contribution is made out of a certain motivation. Nowadays, OSSD reaches at its maturity and 70% of professional developers have used or utilized open source software or code in their works. As the proportion of people experiencing OSS, the accounts from previous studies are expected to be weakened. Also, extant literature fails to explain how the motivation of participating in OSS evolves over time and experiences. Given that changing over time or over experiences is the natural in the perception of motivation, studies in an attempt to understand how the motivation changes or evolves are in need. In this study, we aimed to explain how the perception about OSS from past usage or related experiences leads to the intention to sustain OSS participations. By doing so, we try to bridge the gap between previous studies and the actual phenomenon. We argued that perceived instrumentality about OSS learned from past experiences will first affect the formation of organizational identity towards general OSS community. And once the organizational identity is formed, it will affect the one's following behaviors related to OSS development, most likely to sustain the favoring stance toward OSS community. Our research distinguishes itself from previous one in that it divides the paths from organizational identity formed to the intention to sustain the voluntary helping behaviors, by altruistic and conforming intentions. Drawing on this structural model, we could explain how organizational identity engages in forming the sustaining intention from past experiences, and that the intention to help at individual level and organizational level works at different level in OSS community. We grounded our arguments on Social identity theory and Organizational Citizenship theory. We examined our assumption by constructing a structural equation model (SEM) and had 88 developers to answer our online surveys. The result is analyzed by PLS (partial least square) method. Consequently, all paths but one in our model are supported, the one which assumed the association between perceived instrumentality and altruistic intention. Our results provide directions in designing online collaborative platforms where open access collaboration is meant to occur. Theoretically, our study suggests that organizational citizenship behavior can occur from organizational identity, even in bottom-up organizational settings. More specifically, we also argue to consider both organizational level and individual level of motivation in inducing sustained participations within the platforms. Our result can be interpreted to indicate the importance of forming organizational identity in sustaining the participatory behaviors. It is because there was no direct association between perceived instrumentality from past experiences and altruistic behavior, but the perception of organizational identity bridges the two constructs. This means that people with no organizational identity can sustain their participations through conforming intention from only the perception of instrumentality, but it needs little more than that for the people to feel the intention to directly help someone in the community-first to form the self-identity as a member of the given community.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.317-326
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• 2021

The crowdsourcing system relies heavily on the number of crowd participation on the platform to ensure the platform's success. However, exploring factors that motivate the crowds to sustain on the platform remains unclear, and very little literature was found on this matter. Lately, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world, including Malaysia. Due to the pandemic, many people have lost their jobs, and hence, most of them have shifted to digital work. Hence, to understand the motivation for continuous participation on the online crowdsourcing platform among low-income crowd workers (B40) in Malaysia, this paper explores the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for continuous participation. A qualitative method interview was performed where 14 active participants of Upwork.com, under the GLOW program, took part during the data collection process. This paper used the thematic analysis method to extract the data collected from this study. The finding of this study identified eight intrinsic motivation factors: (1) personal development, (2) pastime, (3) fun, (4) passion, (5) task identity, (6) time-workplace flexibility, (7) altruistic, and (8) peers' success and four extrinsic factors: (1) monetary, (2) job security, (3) personal commitment, and (4) environment.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.163-188
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• 2016

Compliance with information security policies has been an important managerial concern in organizations. Unlike traditional general deterrent theory, this study proposes whistle-blowing as an alternative approach for reducing internal information security policy violations. We build on the theories of planned behavior and rational choice as well as develop a theoretical model to understand the factors that influence whistle-blowing attitudes and intention at both the organizational and individual levels. Our empirical results reveal that altruistic and egoistic concerns are involved in the development of whistle-blowing attitudes. The results not only extend our understanding of whistle-blowing motivation but also offer directions to managers in promoting internal disclosure of information security breaches.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to identify the important factors for predicting blood donation behavior of medical & nursing college students. Methods: To analyze these issues using logistic regression, we collected data from 230 nursing & medical students of D University in B city by using the self-administered questionnaire from December 12 to December 21, 2004. Knowledge for blood donation was measured by the questionnaire developed by Koo(1982), self efficacy was assessed by General Self Efficacy Scale (Sherer & Maddux, 1982), and altruistic attitude was measured by Altruistic motivation & Responsibility Scale(Jo, 1996). The collected data were analyzed by t-test, Chi -square, and logistic regression by using SPSS/Win 11.0 version. Results: As results of logistic regression analysis, factors which showed significance for predicting blood donation behavior were the perceived health status, family member's experience for the blood donation, religion and gender. Conclusion: It is necessary to improve the perceived health status of college students and to conduct a campaign for blood donation around college students whose family members have had the experience of blood donation in order to increase the rate of blood donation in medical and nursing college students.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.38
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• pp.234-254
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• 1999

Volunteering has been defined as a form of altruistic helping behavior directed at improving other's welfare. Volunteering is, however, also identified as a type of collective action for community welfare. In this regard, this study tests whether neighborhood member's network and collective identity are more important determinants to explain participation in volunteer work than altruistic or normative motivation. This study estimates a model in which volunteering is determined by empathy, normative beliefs, neighborhood networks(friendship, contacts, and integration), and identity as a neighborhood member. This study shows that empathy, normative beliefs, and collective identity as a neighborhood member have significant impacts on participation in volunteer work. In addition, this study reveals that neighborhood member's network has an indirect impact on volunteering through identity as a neighborhood member. These results suggest that neighbor-hood community member's ties and collective identity are important sources for community welfare and collective volunteer work.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.294-313
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• 1999

Volunteering has been defined as a form of altruistic helping behavior directed at improving other's welfare. Volunteering is, however, also identified as a type of collective action for community welfare. In this regard, this study tests whether neighborhood member's network and collective identity are more important determinants to explain participation in volunteer work than altruistic or normative motivation. This study estimates a model in which volunteering is determined by empathy, normative beliefs, neighborhood networks(friendship, contacts, and integration), and identity as a neighborhood member. This study shows that empathy, normative beliefs, and collective identity as a neighborhood member have significant impacts on participation in volunteer work. In addition, this study reveals that neighborhood member's network has an indirect impact on volunteering through identity as a neighborhood member. These results suggest that neighborhood community member's ties and collective identity are important sources for community welfare and collective volunteer work.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.163-171
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• 2011

Purpose: This study tested a model of hospice volunteer's motivations and outcomes to encourage more volunteer workers to participate in hospice care. Methods: This included 200 volunteers who attended the Autumn Conference in 2007 and 132 volunteers from five hospice organizations. Results: Volunteers' existential well-being affected an endogenous variable of volunteers' participation in volunteer activities. The durability of volunteer activity was affected by value motivation, the level of participation in volunteer activities and the level of job satisfaction. For volunteers' job satisfaction level, valid endogenous variables included existential well-being, social motivation, understanding motivation and value motivation. The durability of volunteer activities was indirectly affected through three different paths. Volunteers' existential well-being determined the level of their participation in volunteer activities, which in turn affected the durability of such activities. Social motivation influenced volunteers' job satisfaction, and then the durability of volunteer activities. Volunteers' understanding of motivation also influenced their job satisfaction, and then the durability of volunteer activities. Conclusion: Based on these results, this study proposes that the durability of volunteers activities could be improved by developing a program to improve volunteers' well-being and by providing volunteers with education on altruistic values, encouraging them to seek intellectual growth, and advocating them to continue volunteer activities based on close relationships with other volunteers.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.61-78
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the resource transfer process from female baby boomers to their children who have gotten married or plan on getting married. The following research questions were explored. (1)To what extent have female baby boomers been transferring their resources to their children supporting marriage or vice versa? (2)What are the opinions of female baby boomers on future resource transfer plans to their children? (3)What are the opinions of female baby boomers on supporting themselves in their old age, and those of their children on supporting their aging parents? In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 female baby boomers who were born between 1955 to 1963. A case study research method was used to analyze the interview results. The findings were as follows. First, economic resource was the most common type of resources that the interviewees transferred to their children. Those who could not transfer their economic resources instead transferred their instrumental resources. Second, it was anticipated that the current trend of interviewees' resource transfers would be similar in the future. In other words, those who used to transfer a large amount of economic resources to their children showed their willingness to do the same in the future. Third, the interviewees did not expect support from their children, but rather were trying to prepare for their old age by themselves. Based on the overall results, the female baby boomers' transferring economic resources to their children implied that they took responsibility for their children. This appears to stem more from to altruistic motivation than reciprocal motivation. Moreover, it can be cautiously concluded that female baby boomers have different perspectives on the transfer of their resources from male's since the interviewees had different opinions on it from their husbands'.