• Title/Summary/Keyword: Alternative initiation codon

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Characteristics and Frequencies of Alternative Initiation Codon(AIC) of mtDNA ND2 in Five Pig Breeds (돼지 5품종에 있어서 mtDNA ND2 유전자의 선택적 개시코돈의 특성과 빈도)

  • Han, S.H.;Cho, I.C;Choi, Y.L.;Lee, C.E.;Ko, M,S.;Kim, J.H.;Seo, B.Y.;Lee, J.G.;Jeon, J.T.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.903-908
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    • 2004
  • Alternative initiation codon(AlC) has been reported in the mitochondrial genes in various mammalian species. We investigated the AlC of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 2 gene(rntDNA ND2) in five pig breeds. Two kinds of initiation codons(ATA/ATf) showing different frequencies among tested pig breeds were used. While all Large White pigs had ATA as an initiator methionine codon, all Landrace pigs had ATf. The other breeds(Berkshire, Duroc and Hampshire) had both initiation codons with the ATA frequencies, 91.9, 21.3 and 60.00/0, respectively. In the previous reports, all Chinese indigenous pig breeds were identified to have unique initiation codon ATA. Although the effect of Ale on the translation of mtDNA ND2 has not been studied in this study, AlC patterns in mtDNA ND2 will contribute to the maternity test using molecular markers in pig breeding.

Expression of recombinant Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) antigen in Live Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium Vaccine Strain (약독화 Salmonella typhimurium 생백신 균주에서 Bordetella pertussis 의 filamentous hemagglutinin(F HA))

  • 강호영
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.385-391
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    • 2001
  • Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is considered as an essential immunogenic component for incorporation into acellular vaccines against Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. Classically, antipertussis vaccination has employed an intramuscular route. An alternative approach to stimulate mucosal and systemic immune responses is oral immunization with recombinant live vaccine carrier strains of Salmonella typhimurium. An attenuated live Salmonella vaccine sgrain($\Delta$cya $\Delta$crp) expressing recombinant FHA(rFHA) was developed. Stable expressionof rFHA was achieved by the use of balanced-lethal vector-host system. which employs an asd deletion in the host chromosome to impose in obligate requirement for diaminopimelic acid. The chromosomal $\Delta$asd mutation was complemented by a plasmid vector possessing the asd$^{+}$ gene. A 3 kb DNA fragment encoding immuno dominant regionof FHA was subcloned in-frame downstream to the ATG translation initiation codon in the multicopy Asd$^{+}$ pYA3341 vector to create pYA3457. Salmonella vaccine harboring pYA3457 expressed approximately 105kDa rFHA protein. The 100% maintenance of [YA3457 in vaccine strain was confirmed by stability examinations. Additionally, a recombinant plasmid pYA3458 was constructed to overpress His(8X)-tagged rFHA in Essherichia coli. His-tagged rFHA was purified from the E. coli strain harboring pYA3458 using Ni$^{2+}$-NTA affinity purification system.>$^{2+}$-NTA affinity purification system.

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Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence and Genetic Diversity of Duroc Breed (돼지 Duroc 품종에서 미토콘드리아 유전체 서열의 특성과 집단의 유전적 다양성)

  • Cho, 1.C.;Han, S.H.;Choi, Y.L.;Ko, M.S.;Lee, J.G;Lee, J.H;Jeon, J .T
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.937-946
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    • 2004
  • Duroc is widely used to improve the meat quality and productivity. To elucidate the phylogenetic relation and the sequence specificity for the maternal property, the complete sequence of mitochondrial genome was determined and the population diversity of Duroc was investigated in this study. The length of mtDNA tested is 16,584-bp. There are several insertion/deletion mutations in the control region and coding regions for tRNA and rRNA, respectively, but not in peptide-coding regions. Four peptide-coding genes(COⅡ, COⅢ, ND3 and ND4) showed incomplete termination codon sequences such as T--, and two(ND2 and ND4L) did alternative initiation codons(AIC), respectively. Especially, the initiation codon sequences of ND2 gene were polymorphic in this population. Polymorphisms were detected in 11-bp duplication motif within control region as well as ND2 and CYTB. Variation patterns observed from the tests on three mtDNA regions were linked completely and then two haplotypes obtained from combining the data dividing this population. Duroc mtDNA is observed at the European pig cluster in the phylogenetic tree, however, the results from the population analyses supported previous opinions. This study suggests that the breed Duroc was mainly originated from the European pig lineage, and Asian lineage was also used to form the pig breed Duroc as maternal progenitors.

Application of Breed-specific DNA Markers for the use of Identifying Major Pure Pig Breeds Maintained in Korea (대한민국내 주요 돼지 품종의 순종 식별을 위한 품종특이 DNA marker의 활용)

  • Seo, B.Y.;Kim, J.H.;Park, E.W.;Lim, H.T.;Cho, I.C.;Kim, B.W.;Oh, S.J.;Cheong, I.C.;Lee, J.G.;Jeon, J.T.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.735-742
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    • 2004
  • This study was conducted for the identification of pure Landrace, Large White and Duroc breeds which are mainly maintained in Korea using DNA markers. We used known KIT and MC1R mutations, which were related coat color in pigs, and pig mitochondrial DNA variations. The KIT mutation was used to distinguish white and colored animals. Duroc breed could be discriminated from other colored breeds using the MC1R mutation N121D. Discriminating Landrace and Large White was possible using the l l-bp duplication of D-Ioop region and alternative initiation codon of ND2. In conclusion, identification of Landrace, Large White and Duroc breeds was might be possible using the procedure designed in this study.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECT OF CHLOROPHYLLIN IN HAMSTER CHEEK POUCH TUMOR INDUCED BY 7, 12-DIMETHYLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE (7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene(DMBA)로 유발된 햄스터 협낭암에서 chlorophylln의 암예방효과에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Yoon, Kyu-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.137-145
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    • 2000
  • Carcinogenesis is a multi-stage process that generally consists of at least three steps; initiation, promotion, and progression. If one of these carcinogenic steps were suppressed or delayed, the cancer could be prevented. Cancer chemoprevention is defined to be inhibition or reversal of the carcinogenic process by the specific chemical agents and is a novel approach to cancer management alternative to conventional chemotherapy. Chlorophylln(CHL), a water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll, containing sodium and copper, has been known to be strong antimutagen in several test systems, but its mechanism of antimutagenic action is unknown. In the present experiment, the possibility of CHL as chemopreventive drugs on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene(DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis was investigated by mutagenicity test, carcinogenicity test, and frequency or spectrum of H-ras mutations in the both of DMBA-induced and chlorophylln-pretreated-DMBA induced tumor by polymerase chain reaction and non-isotopic restriction fragment length polymorphism. The treatment of CHL reduced the yields and multiplicity of the 0.5% DMBA-induced tumor, 86% to 62.5% and $3.7{\pm}0.6$ to $1.4{\pm}0.3$, respectively. The occurrence of histidine revertant by $20{\mu}mole$ DMBA was inhibited 25.6 to 81.7% by 1 to $5{\mu}M$ CHL in a dose-dependent manner. The mutation rates of H-ras gene in DMBA-induced and CHL-pretreated-DMBA induced tumor were 96%, 94% of which the most mutations were in codon 12/13. These results suggest that CHL inhibits the carcinogenic action of DMBA by the formation of complex between CHL and DMBA or the inhibition of the activation of DMBA in vivo. But CHL did not affect the mutation rates or its spectrum in already formed tumor.

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