• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

As increasing the international community's awareness of greenhouse gas reduction, the demand for eco-friendly ship fuel has accelerated recently. The fundamental aim of this study is to develop a new type of fully electrified ferry for passengers and cars considering Korean domestic coastal environmental conditions. Several technical difficulties are encountered in applying a fully electric propulsion system based on removable battery systems into a ship due to limitations imposed by the batteries' size and capacity. This paper reviews and analyzes marine environment regulations strengthened recently, technology trends related to fully electric propulsion vessels in each country, and Korean domestic coastal environments. We propose a new fully electrified car ferry design with a displacement of 400 t applied in Korea. It is powered by removable battery systems pre-charged in a safe inland charging station. The mobile battery system is developed to enable roll-on and roll-off using wheels. The characteristics of the ship motion are analyzed based on the weight and location of the battery systems. We expect our battery systems to be applicable to larger ships in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2008

We developed emission factors for alternative fuels used in cement industries in Korea and also estimated reduction in emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) by the use of alternative fuels. Emission factors for GHG of waste tire, waste plastic, waste oil and RDF were estimated to be about 89, 78, 77 and 95 ton $CO_2$/TJ respectively. When compared with previous studies, most of the results showed similar trends. The calorific value estimation and elemental analysis for energy source were implemented in order to estimate the exact emission factors and the reduction of GHG emissions using alternative fuel. In the case of 'A' company, $CO_2$ emission from alternative fuels was about 4% lower than that of bituminous coal only. Also in case of company 'B', $CO_2$ emission from alternative fuels was about 1.4% lower than that of only bituminous coal. In Germany and Japan, alternative fuel is not regarded to be fuel consumption in cement industry. When applying this rule, the emission reductions were about 4.3% for company 'A' and 6.3% for company 'B'. The results of this study may be considered as a useful information for developing strategies in reducing GHG emissions.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.88-97
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• 2024

This study performed the analysis on an economic feasibility of each marine fuel, potential fuel pathways and the relevance of compliance measures to ensure compliance with the FuelEU Maritime regulation. Additionally, it identified certain regulatory gaps to encourage the use of alternative marine fuels. Regarding GHG emissions calculations, the existing GHG regulations for ships applies the Tank-to-Wake (TtW) method, whereas FuelEU Maritime applies the Well-to-Wake (WtW) method. The main results present that important information to establish response strategy for FuelEU Maritime including the costs and benefits of each marine fuel, the minimum blending ratio of alternative fules, and compliance impacts of measures. For the regulatory costs and benefits of marine fuels following the implementation of the FuelEU Maritime from 2025, our findings indicate that while most fossil fuels incur regulatory costs from 2025, most of biofuels and RFNBO fuels do not incur costs until 2050. This will play a role to narrow the price gap between fossil fuels and alternative fuels.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2023

The cement industry has been contributing to solve the wastes problem by using various combustible wastes as alternative fuel to replace natural coal. To use more alternative fuels such as waste plastics, in the cement manufacturing process, it is necessary to stably burn alternative fuels and reduce air emissions such as NOx. This study is a case study on the multi-stage combustion calciner process, which is a technology that decreases the amount of NOx while increasing the use of alternative fuels. This study is a case study on the multi-stage combustion process, a technology that reduces the amount of harmful air emissions such as NOx while increasing the use of alternative fuels. Along results of comparing before and after applying the technology to actual cement manufacturing facilities, the amount of coal consumption decreased by 38 %, waste plastics consumption increased by 122 %, and NOx emissions decreased by 17 %. Results show that increasing the use of alternative fuels and reducing NOx emissions by multi-stage combustion is effective.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.310-317
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• 2003

The world is faced with a problem of air pollution due to the exhaust emissions from automobile. Recently, lots of researchers have been attracted to develope various alternative fuels and to use renewable fuels as a solution of these problems. There are many alternative fuels studied in place of diesel fuel made from petroleum. Biodiesel fuel (BDF) is a domestically produced. renewable fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, used vegetable oils, or animal fats. In this study, the usability of BDF, one of the oxygenated fuels as an alternative fuel for diesel engines was investigated in an IDI diesel engine. Emissions were characterized with a neat BDF and with a blend of BDF and conventional diesel fuel. Since the BDF includes oxygen of about 11 %, it could influence the combustion process strongly. Therefore, the use of BDF resulted in lower emissions of carbon monoxide and smoke emissions with some increase in emissions of oxides of nitrogen. It is concluded that BDF can be utilized effectively as a renewable fuel for IDI diesel engines.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.59-67
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• 2000

Recently the world is faced with the very serious problems related to the increasing use of the conventional petroleum fuels. THe air pollutions in big cities were also occurred by the exhaust emissions from automobiles. many researchers have been attracted various oxygenated fuels as an alternative fuel and a renewable fuel for the measure of these problems. In this study the effect of oxygen in fuel on the exhaust gas emissions has been investigated with oxygenated fuels as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. The exhaust gas emission were investigated by comparing with that of the diesel fuel. The vegetable fuel oil such as soybean oil gives lower smoke level than that with diesel fuel. Furthermore the smoke emission is more affected by the oxygen content in fuel than by the fuel viscosity. This study concluded that the fuels including oxygen might be a good measure to reduce smoke in diesel engine because the oxygen strongly influenced the combustion process.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2015

Fast depletion of fossil fuels is urgently demanding a carry out work for research to find out the viable alternative fuels for meeting sustainable energy demand with minimum environmental impact. In the future, our energy systems will need to be renewable and sustainable, efficient and cost-effective, convenient and safe. Hydrogen is expected to be one of the most important fuels in the near future to meet the stringent emission norms. The use of the hydrogen as fuel in the internal combustion engine represents an alternative use to replace the hydrocarbons fuels, which produce polluting gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydro carbon (HC) during combustion. In this paper contemporary research on the hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engine can be given. First hydrogen-engine fundamentals were described by examining the engine-specific properties of hydrogen and then existing literature were surveyed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2007

The increasing industrialization of the world has led to precipitous rise for the demand of petroleum-based fuels. The world is presently confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. The search for alternative fuels, which promise a harmonious correlation with sustainable development, energy conservation, efficiency and environmental preservation, has become highly pronounced in the present. Bioenergy is playing an increasingly important role as an alternative and renewable source of energy. Use of Bioenergy has several potential environmental advantages. The most important perhaps is reduction in life cycle greenhouse gases emissions relatives petroleum fuels, since bioenergy is derived from plants which convert Carbon dioxide ($CO_{2}$) into Carbohydrates in their growth. Bioenergy includes solid biomass, biomas and liquid bio-fuels which are fuels derived from crop plants, and include biomass that's directly burned. The two most important bio liquid fuels today are bioethanol from fermenting grain, grass, straw or wood, and biodiesel from plant seed oil.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.737-748
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• 2014

Increasing amounts of ships exhaust gases emitted worldwide forced the International Maritime Organization to issue some restricted maritime legislation for reducing the adverse environmental impacts arising from such emissions. Consequently, ships emission reduction became one of the technical and economical challenges that facing the ships, operators. The present paper addresses the different strategies that can be used to reduce those emissions, especially nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. The strategies included: applying reduction technologies onboard, using of alternative fuels, and follows one of fuel saving strategies. Using of selective catalytic reduction and sea water scrubbing appeared as the best reduction technologies onboard ships. Moreover, among the various proposed alternative fuels, natural gas, in its liquid state; has the priority to be used instead of conventional fuels. Applying one of those strategies is the matter of ship type and working area. As a numerical example, the proposed methods were investigated at a high-speed craft operating in the Red Sea area between Egypt and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The results obtained are very satisfactory from the point of view of environment and economic issues, and reflected the importance of applying those strategies.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2003

Recently, lots of researchers have been attracted to develope various alternative fuels and to use renewable fuels as a solution of environmental problems from automobile. The use of biodiesel fuel is an effective way of substituting diesel fuel in the long nun. It is a domestically produced, renewable fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, used vegetable oils, or animal fats. In this study, the usability of biodiesel fuel derived from rice ban oil, one of the oxygenated fuels as an alternative fuel for diesel engines was investigated in IDI diesel engine. Emissions were characterized with neat biodiesel fuel and with a blend of biodiesel fuel and conventional diesel fuel. Since the biodiesel fuel includes oxygen of about 11%, it could influence the combustion process strongly. So, the use of biodiesel fuel resulted in lower emissions of carbon monoxide and smoke emissions with some increase in emissions of oxides of nitrogen. It is concluded that biodiesel fuel can be utilized effectively as a renewable fuel for IDI diesel engine.