• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.553-557
• /
• 2014

The steady increase in livestock industry has greatly required the stable production of food and forage crops. As an alternative, rice-forage cropping system has been attempted in several southern areas. The present study was performed to understand whether an application of cattle-manure compost affects soil chemical properties and crop productivity in rice-forage cropping system, rice ${\rightarrow}$ summer oat ${\rightarrow}$ rye, in Jangheong county, south Jeolla province from 2013 to 2014. Treatments was composed of control (no compost), CM1 (compost application before rice transplanting), and CM2 (two-times compost application, before rice transplanting and after rice harvest), and inorganic fertilizers (N, P, and K) were equally dressed in all plots. Yields of rice were not significantly different between treatments, however, oat production was 1.25-fold higher in CM1 and CM2. Nutrient uptake amounts of rye were higher in CM2 than CM1 and control. Total nitrogen in soil was maintained stable level during crop cultivation. And soil organic matter contents in all treatments were increased by crop residue. Available P_2O_5$ and exchangeable K were increased by cattle manure application. Therefore, it suggested that the amount of nutrient by forage crop residue should be considered in rice-forage multiple cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.769-779
• /
• 2019

Chilli peppers are predominantly cultivated in open field systems under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Abiotic and biotic factors have a considerable effect on plant performance, fruit quantity, and quality. Chilli peppers grow well in a tropical climate due to their adaptation to warm and humid regions with temperatures ranging from 18 to 30℃. Nowadays, chilli peppers are cultivated all around the world under different climatic conditions, and their production is gradually expanding. Expected climate changes will likely cause huge and complex ecological consequences; high temperature, heavy rainfall, and drought have adverse effects on the vegetative and generative development of all agricultural crops including chilli peppers. To gain better insight into the effect of climate change, the growth, photosynthetic traits, morphological and physiological characteristics, yield, and fruit parameters of chilli peppers need to be studied under simulated climate change conditions. Moreover, it is important to develop alternative agrotechnologies to maintain the sustainability of pepper production. There are many conceivable ideas and concepts to sustain crop production under the extreme conditions of future climate change scenarios. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the adverse impacts of climate change and discusses how to find the best solutions to obtain a stable chilli pepper yield.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense (C. japonicum) extract on serum level of hormones from induced osteoporosis by ovariectomized rats. Two month-old rats were ovariectomized (OVX), remained untreated for 8 weeks, and were subsequently administered C. japonicum (200 mg/kg) every day for 8 weeks. We examined the effects of treated C. japonicum on ovariectomy-related changes in Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF), Insulin-like Growth Factor binding protein-3 (IGBF-3), Estrogen, Calcium, and Phosporus. After 8 weeks, the serum levels of IGF-I, -II, and IGFBP-3 were higher presented as compared to the other two groups (P < 0.05), in the C. japonicum extract treatment on OVX rats. There were differences between OVX and C. japonicum extract treated OVX rats in serum levels of $Ca^{2+}$, but $Ca^{2+}$ levels for the normal group was higher than for the other two groups. The C. japonicum extract increased both serum IGFs and IGFBP-3 levels on induced osteoporotic rat by ovariectomized. Thus, these results revealed that the C. japonicum extract is a possible role for improvement of osteoporosis induced-ovariectomized rats and has a great potential as an alternative tool for the treatment of osteoporosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.288-312
• /
• 1998

In Korea, chemical fertilizers and agricultural chemicals have had a significant impact on food production and these are today thought to be an indispensable part of modern agriculture. On the other hand, socioeconomical and IMF and WTO status in Korea are constant reminders of the vulnerability of our fossil fuel dependent agriculture. A new crop production system to improve economic, environmental and production efficiency must be exploited. Our particular concern has been given to an integrated cropping system involving recycling of crop residues, soil and N management, biological N fixation and multipurpose legumes. As a new integrated crop production system, a no-till direct-sown rice-vetch relaying cropping system has been proposed in this paper. The formulation of this system is based on the conception that N fertilizers being neither limitlessly available nor affordable, the current high-input crop production systems have produced troubled results severe labour shortage ill rural areas, balance of payment, environmental degradation and reduction of human health far exceed economic concerns. A natural and logical consequence is that long-term sustainability of agricultural systems must rely on the use and effective management of internal resources. Based on the information obtained throughout a series of experiments last years we have proved that the no-till direct-sown rice-vetch relaying cropping system dictates biological alternative which can augment, and in some cases replace, N fertilizers. Comprehensive discussions were made for the proposed system and it concluded that the system can offer an economically attractive and ecologically sound means of reducing external nitrogen input and improving the quality and quantity of internal resources, and consequently improving the farmers as well as the national returns.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.447-454
• /
• 2018

Background: The leaf temperature ($T_{LEAF}$) is one of the most important physical parameters governing water and carbon flux, including evapotranspiration, photosynthesis and respiration. Cnidium officinale is one of the important folk medicines for counteracting a variety of diseases, and is particularly used as a traditional medicinal crop in the treatment of female genital inflammatory diseases. In this study, we developed a model to estimate $T_{Leaf}$ of Cnidium officinale Makino based on black globe temperature ($T_{BGT}$). Methods and Results: This study was performed from April to July 2018 in field characterized by a valley and alluvial fan topography. Databases of $T_{LEAF}$ were curated by infrared thermometry, along with meteorological instruments, including a thermometer, a pyranometer, and an anemometer. Linear regression analysis and Student's t-test were performed to evaluate the performance of the model and significance of the parameters. The correlation coefficient between observed $T_{LEAF}$ and calculated $T_{BGT}$ obtained using an equation, developed to predict $T_{LEAF}$ based on $T_{BGT}$ was very high ($r^2=0.9500$, p < 0.0001). There was a positive relationship between $T_{BGT}$ and solar radiation ($r^2=0.8556$, p < 0.0001), but a negative relationship between $T_{BGT}$ and wind speed ($r^2=0.9707$, p < 0.0001). These results imply that heat exchange in leaves seems to be mainly controlled by solar radiation and wind speed. The correlation coefficient between actual and estimated $T_{BGT}$ was 0.9710 (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The developed model can be used to accurately estimate the $T_{Leaf}$ of Cnidium officinale Makino and has the potential to become a practical alternative to assessing cold and heat stress.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.15-27
• /
• 1997

Randomized block design (RBD) with three replication is very frequently adopted in agricultural experiments of the Rural Development Administration of Korea. Even though it works well in field trials of traditional crops, it may not accomodate trial site conditions and/or experimental environment. In this research report, we deal with two such cases. The first case is for a crop experiment in green houses. In house conditions, RBD may not be appropriate since it cannot reflect two directions of the yield gradient. So, a Latin square design is suggested as an alternative. The second case is for local field experiments of the newly-inbred rice. RBD with three replications is used without doubt for decades, even though the site layout is not appropriately shaped for the design. In this case, we suggest the RBD in two blocks with multiple replicates for control varieties as an alternative. To improve the quality of statistical experimental designs in over one-thousand agricultural trials performed annually in the Rural Development Administration, we need to re-train agricultural researchers on the design and analysis of experiments and call for concerns of Korean statisticians.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2013

The price and revenue of rice are expected to decrease due to increasing rice imports, decreasing consumption and the discontinuance of the government's rice procurement. This degenerating profitability is leading to a rise in the cultivation of upland-crops such as beans, fodder crops and fruits in paddy fields. However, there is a lack of research on the selection of rice substitute crops which are adaptable to the relevant region through profitability analysis. This research, therefore, analyzed investment profitability of rice substitute crops for Cheorwon-gun area in Kangwon province. The study applied net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR), which fit for mutually exclusive investments that make one selection to the exclusion of other crops. Target crops are green house plants in Cheorwon-gun area. Financial analysis showed paprika and cucumber have investment feasibility for automated vinyl greenhouses and conventional plastic greenhouses respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.208-212
• /
• 2010

The low and high temperature stress might affect the yield and quality of many crop species. Alternative oxidase (AOX) gene is known as factors related to stress resistance in plants. In order to develop molecular markers related to stress resistance in Chinese cabbage, fifteen ESTs sharing sequence similarity to arabidopsis AOX genes were found using Brassica rapa EST database from NCBI. The polymorphic DNA sequences using the ESTs were then screened between Chinese cabbage, 'Chiifu' and 'Kenshin'. We found four ESTs that have either insertion or deletion between the two cultivars. These polymorphic sites were then targeted for development of the four PCR based molecular markers. These molecular markers developed in this study could be useful for a test of their relationship with abiotic stress resistance in Chinese cabbage.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.419-427
• /
• 2013

The insecticidal activity of 124 plant essential oils and control efficacy of six experimental spray formulations (SF) containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10% of the selected oils was examined against both nymph and adult of the citrus flatid planthopper, Metcalfa pruinosa using direct contact applications (leaf dipping and spray). Reponses varied according to dose (1,000 and 500 mg/L). When exposed at 1,000 mg/L for 24 h using leaf dipping assay, 19 essential oils showed strong mortality (100%) among 124 essential oils screened. At 500 mg/L, 100% mortality was observed in cinnamon technical, cinnamon green leaf, cinnamon #500, cassia tree, citronella java and pennyroyal followed by origanum, thyme white, grapefruit, savory, fennel sweet, aniseed and cinnamon bark showed considerable mortality (93.3-80%) against nymphs of M. pruinosa. The moderate mortality (73.3-60%) was found in thyme red, tagetes, calamus, lemoneucalptus and geranium. Oils applied as SF-10% sprays provided 100 % mortality against adult M. pruinosa. One hundred mortalities were achieved in cinnamon technical at >SF-0.5 formulation, in cinnamon #500, cinnamon green leaf and penny royal at >SF-2.5. To reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic insecticides in the agricultural environment, the active essential oils as potential larvicides could be provided as an alternative to control M. pruinosa populations.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.172-181
• /
• 2023

In order to raise the self-sufficiency rate of domestic forage and obtain informations necessary for production of high-quality winter forage, forage yield and feeding value were analyzed in the above-ground parts of a winter wheat 'Cheongwoo' harvested at five different growth stages, and the appropriate harvest time was determined. The yield increased until 30 days after heading, and then decreased afterwards. The proportion of spike in the above-ground part was less than 40% until 30 days after heading, but increased to more than 60% afterward. At 30 days after heading, the protein content and relative feed value (RFV) also reached peaks, while acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were low. The mineral nutrient contents are within the standard range required for feeding ruminant livestock or do not exceed the maximum allowable level. Therefore, the best time to harvest above-ground parts of a winter wheat 'Cheongwoo' for use as a forage for feeding ruminant livestock is around 30 days after heading, when considering forage yield and feed values. As a result it would match well in time with the transplantation of rice seedlings or the sowing of rice-alternative field crops in the double cropping system.