• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2012

The current building energy efficiency rating certification regulation on apartment houses evaluates only the saving rate of energy consumed during operation, i.e. use, of a building, but doesn't consider the energy consumptions and environmental load($CO_2$) emissions occurring during the whole lifetime of a building. So this study calculated the energy consumptions and environmental load emissions occurring during the whole lifetime of a building, selected reference schemes and alternative items by design variables to present a design draft considering energy efficiency and environmental performance, and evaluated the total cost by combining and calculating its direct cost(material and heating cost) and indirect cost(environmental cost), for an existing apartment house as an evaluation object. As a result of analysis, the change of heating cost by alternative items of design variables showed a 4~8% change rate compared to the reference scheme, and the material cost of design variable 7 showed a maximum 4.4 times change rate in the alternative plan 6 compared to the reference scheme. The environmental cost showed a similar change rate to the material cost change rate in general, but showed a similar environmental cost change rate to the heating cost change rate in case of design variables 4-1, 4-2, 7.

• IE interfaces
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.99-112
• /
• 1993

This study deals with analysis of material from in Tube manufacturing line. This line is a multi product flow ship type production line, which consists of 5 steps of work station. Some work stations involve in unnecessary moving activities of workers and much work in-process storage due to the non-systematic material flow with respect to the different lot size production of multi-items. To improve productivity for this line, one alternative is considered such as grouping two work stations by using GT and JIT concepts. Also, feasibility analysis for this alternative is performed using and simulation model built by SIMAN IV simulation language.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2021

Library communities face many problems and limitations in describing alternative format materials based on the traditional MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC) structure. To address these problems, this research proposes an XML-based descriptive metadata framework that establishes general but fundamental bibliographic aspects of various alternative format materials by providing core elements that are essential in describing these materials. Different from existing bibliographic structures, the proposed metadata framework can represent a fundamental descriptive structure by establishing four upper-level categories, 17 core elements, and 10 sub-elements in a hierarchical structure optimized to alternative format materials. By using this principal descriptive structure, the proposed metadata framework can guide different institutions in the creation of bibliographic records for these materials in a consistent way. It is also expected to address the difficulties in describing alternative format materials in library communities and enhance the information accessibility of individuals with various types of disabilities. In addition, the proposed metadata framework is an alternative approach which functions as a mediator between heterogeneous characteristics of alternative format materials and the existing bibliographic structures in library communities.

• 재활복지
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.75-93
• /
• 2014

This study attempted to verify the impacts of the level of satisfaction in the user of alternative materials among people with visual impairment on their social participation, and the mediation effect of self-efficacy during such process. The subject of the study was the visually impaired who were live in Gyeonggi Province and were registered in the Korea Blind Union. The data of final 120 participants through a telephone survey were analyzed. The subject of the study used the recorded materials the most for the purpose of leisure and information research mainly at the braille library. The analysis of the mediation effect demonstrated that the level of satisfaction in the user of alternative materials among people with visual impairment had a statistically significant influence on social participation, and self-efficacy had a full mediation effect. These results imply the importance of alternative materials to assure the right to information access which can ultimately expand the social engagement of the visually impaired. Based on these study results, political suggestions are proposed to vitalize alternative materials in the future.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.131-157
• /
• 2014

Special track systems used to divert a train to other directions or other tracks are generally called 'railway turnout'. A traditional turnout system consists of steel rails, switches, crossings, steel plates, fasteners, screw spikes, timber bearers, ballast and formation. The wheel rail contact over the crossing transfer zone has a dip-like shape and can often cause detrimental impact loads on the railway track and its components. The large impact also emits disturbing noises (either impact or ground-borne noise) to railway neighbors. In a brown-field railway track where an existing aged infrastructure requires renewal or maintenance, some physical constraints and construction complexities may dominate the choice of track forms or certain components. With the difficulty to seek for high-quality timbers with dimensional stability, a methodology to replace aged timber bearers in harsh dynamic environments is to adopt an alternative material that could mimic responses and characteristics of timber in both static and dynamic loading conditions. A critical review has suggested an application of an alternative material called fibre-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU). The full-scale capacity design makes use of its comparable engineering characteristics to timber, high-impact attenuation, high damping property, and a longer service life. A field trial to investigate in-situ behaviours of a turnout grillage system using an alternative material, 'fibre-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU)' bearers, has been carried out at a complex turnout junction under heavy mixed traffics at Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia. The turnout junction was renewed using the FFU bearers altogether with new special track components. Influences of the FFU bearers on track geometry (recorded by track inspection vehicle 'AK Car'), track settlement (based on survey data), track dynamics, and acoustic characteristics have been measured. Operational train pass-by measurements have been analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of the replacement methodology. Comparative studies show that the use of FFU bearers generates higher rail and sleeper accelerations but the damping capacity of the FFU help suppress vibration transferring onto other track components. The survey data analysis suggests a small vertical settlement and negligible lateral movement of the turnout system. The static and dynamic behaviours of FFU bearers appear to equate that of natural timber but its service life is superior.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.121-129
• /
• 2004

If we followed to be based on the result of survey for researching on the actual condition about e-Learning of the MOE(2004), the critical problem has been suggested managing the quality of teaching and learning materials(37.68%(1775/4717)). If we also reviewed the research of the KICE(2002), the superior material's rate of 70,000 teaching and learning materials of the web site, the educational organization, and teachers was 8.7%. There was some suggestions about the quality problem of the teaching and learning material, but there wasn't the alternative policy: there wasn't the systemic program for managing the message quality of teaching and learning materials. The purpose of this study was to develop the alternative system for managing the message quality of teaching and learning materials. The alternative system of this study's result will be the basic to build the system for managing the message quality of teaching and learning materials. I expect that my system will be the useful tool for managing the message quality of teaching and learning materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2010.09a
• /
• pp.969-978
• /
• 2010

In this study, a laboratory model test on utilization of recycled aggregates and crushed stone as vertical drains to use alternative material of sand in soft ground is performed. The vertical and horizontal coefficient of permeability of the recycled aggregates and crushed stone showed largely 1.2~4.0 times and 3.0~3.3 times greater than sand, respectively. Therefore, it showed enough to be an alternative material to the sand which had been being used as the vertical and horizontal drainage material before. The variations of pore water pressure with time showed constantly regardless of the load in all vertical drainage materials. When water level drops suddenly, the pore water pressure of the recycled aggregate and crushed aggregate is reduced to nearly zero. Therefore, it was applicable to the field because discharge capacity was similarity to that of sand. The settlement in crushed aggregates and recycled aggregate decreases gradually with the load increase. When water level drops suddenly, earth pressure in all drains materials was evaluated the equivalent drainage capacity similarity to sand because it show approaching the nearly zero.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2010

In this study, a laboratory model test on utilization of recycled aggregates and crushed stone as vertical drains to use alternative material of sand in soft ground is performed. The vertical and horizontal coefficient of permeability of the recycled aggregates and crushed stone showed largely 1.2~4.0 times and 3.0~3.3 times greater than sand, respectively. Therefore, it showed enough to be an alternative material to the sand which had been being used as the vertical and horizontal drainage material before. The variations of pore water pressure with time showed constantly regardless of the load in all vertical drainage materials. When water level drops suddenly, the pore water pressure of the recycled aggregate and crushed aggregate is reduced to nearly zero. Therefore, it was applicable to the field because discharge capacity was similarity to that of sand. The settlement in crushed aggregates and recycled aggregate decreases gradually with the load increase. When water level drops suddenly, earth pressure in all drains materials was evaluated the equivalent drainage capacity similarity to sand because it show approaching the nearly zero.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.453-458
• /
• 2019

Today, concrete remains the most important, durable, and reliable material that has been used in the construction sector, making it the most commonly used material after water. However, cement continues to exert many negative effects on the environment, including the production of carbon dioxide (CO2), which pollutes the atmosphere. Cement production is costly, and it also consumes energy and natural non- renewable resources, which are critical for sustainability. These factors represent the motivation for researchers to examine the various alternatives that can reduce the effects on the environment, natural resources, and energy consumption and enhance the mechanical properties of concrete. Geopolymer is one alternative that has been investigated; this can be produced using aluminosilicate materials such as low calcium (class F) FA, Ultra-Fine GGBS, and high calcium FA (class C, which are available worldwide as industrial, agricultural byproducts.). It has a high percentage of silica and alumina, which react with alkaline solution (activators). Aluminosilicate gel, which forms as a result of this reaction, is an effective binding material for the concrete. This paper presents an up-to-date review regarding the important engineering properties of geopolymer formed by FA and slag binders; the findings demonstrate that this type of geopolymer could be an adequate alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Due to the significant positive mechanical properties of slag-FA geopolymer cements and their positive effects on the environment, it represents a material that could potentially be used in the construction industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2010.09b
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2010

As enormous construction projects of land development are carried out around Korea, useful construction materials are needed to perform the construction projects. However, there are no more enough of fill and reclamation materials in our country. That is why the coal ash is expected to be utilized as an alternative material. Since the coal ash has the characteristics of a pozzolan and a selfhardening material, it is adjudged that coal ash has a great possibility to be used as a fill and reclamation material. In this study, grain size analysis, Atterberg limit test, and specific gravity test were performed to examine the physical characteristics of the coal ash about a self-hardening material before utilizing the coal ash in the construction. Compaction test, unconfined compression test were conducted to investigate the engineering characteristics according to mixture ratios of fly ash and bottom ash. As a result of the tests, it was confirmed that the mixing ratio 1:1 of fly ash and bottom ash is the most effective to use as a fill and reclamation material. If the mixture of coal ash is used as a backfill material with light weight around structure, it is expected to play a significant role in reducing earth pressure on the back of the structure. As described above, the coal ash should be considered as an alternative material of fill and reclamation materials since the result of the tests indicates that the coal ash is suitable to a useful material on the construction design.