• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.525-540
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• 1997

The present study tested the hypothesis that maturation of the prefrontal lobes is a crucial factor determining the performance of scientific reasoning tasks, Functions of the prefrontal lobes, such as activating relevant information, sequential planning and monitoring, and inhibiting irrelevant information, are related thinking patterns with scientific reasoning. Therefore, we inferred the idea that the prefrontal lobes play an important role in scientific reasoning. To test the hypothesis. the present study investigated a prefrontal lobe patient's task solving procedures in scientific reasoning tasks and the correlation and regression analysis between a test of prefrontal lobe function and two scientific reasoning tasks, The perseverative errors in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST) was used as a measure of the prefrontal lobe function, The Melinark Type Task and the Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning were used as measures of scientific reasoning abilities. Ages and Group Embedded Figure Test were also used as measures of two alternative hypotheses, general maturation and field independency respectively. The prefrontal lobe patient showed a crucial deficiency in solving scientific reasoning tasks. In the tasks, the patient could not used the reasoning of If... and... then... therefore pattern. In correlation study, the perseveration errors of the WCST showed a significantly negative correlation with two scientific reasoning tasks. Multiple regression study also showed that the perseveration errors measured as a function of the prefrontal lobes have more contribution to scientific reasoning ability than contributions of alternative hypotheses. Therefore, the present study supported the hypothesis that prefrontal lobes play a crucial role in scientific reasoning ability, What function of the prefrontal lobes do play crucial role in scientific reasoning? The present study provided an explanation for the question, which inhibiting ability of the prefrontal lobes is responsible for the scientific reasoning ability, in a part at least. That is, perseverative tendency in task-solving procedures causes a deficiency of an ability to inhibit the wrong information to solve a task. The present study provided a possibility of neuropsychological approach in science education research. The present study also showed an importance of the prefrontal lobe development in the performance of scientific reasoning task.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.583-595
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify whether the elementary school students force conceptions may influence on designing tools experiments. Four questions with multiple choices and reasons for those choices were asked to identify scientific/alternative force conception. Also four tasks for tools experiments matched to each force conceptions were developed into open questions in hypothesizing. controlling variables and methods of experiments. Forty elementary students were selected from 4 classes in sixth grade of a school in Daegu city. The major findings of this study were that the types of force conceptions can be classified into scientific and alternative conceptions. The patterns of designing experiments could be identified with types of hypothesis, controlling variables and methods of experiments in each four tools experiments. But students those who had scientific force conception did not better in hypothesis, methods of controlling variables and results for simple experiment than those who had alternative force conceptions. These results imply that students' force conception did not influence on designing tools experiments. The assumption that scientific conception could improve designing experiments was not guaranteed by this results.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2024

Purpose: As the number of vegetarians continues to rise in tandem with the development of consumer culture, a novel economic trend named 'Vegenomics' has surfaced. In addition, as interest in social and environmental sustainability such as health, environment, and animal welfare grows due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the alternative protein food market is expanding, focusing on plant-based alternative meat. Research design, data, and methodology: Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of the consumption value of alternative protein products on self-efficacy and purchase intention. This study collected a total of 187 questionnaires by conducting an online survey from May 1 to July 10, 2023, to verify the research model and hypothesis. The collected data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and discriminant validity analysis using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs for structural equation modeling. Results: The results of analyzing consumers' self-efficacy and purchase intention regarding the functional value, health-oriented value, ethical value, and ecological value of alternative protein products are as follows. First, among the consumption values of alternative protein products, ecological value was found to have a significant positive (+) effect on self-efficacy. Second, consumers' self-efficacy for alternative protein products was found to have a significant positive (+) effect on purchase intention. Conclusion: This study is anticipated to provide valuable insights for the formulation of effective marketing strategies for alternative protein products and the development of products that align with consumer needs.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.51-56
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• 2019

Due to industrial development, the importance of GD&T tolerance is growing day by day. Roundness measurement means the size deviated from the ideal circle. Roundness evaluation methods include LSCI, MZCI, MCCI, and MICI. Generally, A is used a lot at industrial evaluation. In this experiment, we studied the variations in table velocity, filter values, and detector angles, which can cause errors in roundness measurements. The measurement conditions were table speeds of 10, 30 and 60 mm/s, probe angles of 10, 20 and 30 degrees and frequency filter settings of 15, 150 and 500 upr and The number of experiments was measured 30 and the average value was chosen as a representative value. The hypothesis test showed that the p-value for the frequency filter was greater than 0.05, and the experiment rejected the null hypothesis and adopted the alternative hypothesis.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.518-530
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of pre-service primary teachers' justifying their hypotheses about the brightness of electric bulbs. They conducted their experiments and wrote their experimental results and ideas on their worksheets. The worksheets for generating and evaluating scientific hypothesis were analyzed. Most of them generated the consumption hypothesis and designed the experiments to confirm their hypotheses or directly measure without the change of experimental conditions. The responses for valid experimental designs were $74\%$ of total responses. The $62\%$ of total responses was valid prediction for experimental results. The $60\%$ of pre-service teachers described the experimental results correctly. But other teachers described the biased results or inappropriate results. The $54\%$ of them refuted hypotheses and the $36\%$ confirmed their hypotheses. The theory-based responses were $51\%$ and the evidence-based responses were $47\%$. The $64\%$ of them proposed the possibility of the alternative hypothesis after testing their hypotheses. This study also discussed the implications of these findings for teaching and Loaming in science education.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.241-253
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• 2010

As standard unit root tests are empirically proved to fail to reject the null hypothesis of a unit root for many economic and business time series, it is doubtful that most of those series are informative about the existence of a unit root or that those tests are powerful against relevant alternative hypotheses. This study attempts to perform tests of the null hypothesis of stationarity as well as tests of the null hypothesis of a unit root using the time series data of housing prices in the major metropolitan areas. The results of the additional analyses such as lead-lag, cross-correlation and impulse response for testing the statistical interrelationships between the prices are generally found to be consistent.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

The goal-gradient hypothesis states that the tendency to approach a goal increases with the increasing proximity of the goal (Hull 1932). It was initially supported with an evidence of animal experiments and since then, several papers have investigated the goal-gradient hypothesis in humans. Although there are some evidences related to the goal-gradient hypothesis in human behaviors, none of previous studies can properly explain its underlying mechanism, and what's more, they were not able to suggest useful managerial applications in human behaviors. From these perspectives, this work points out that there are some theoretical weaknesses to apply the goal-gradient hypothesis into the complicated human decision-making behaviors and proposes an alternative theoretical mechanismthat underlies the goal-gradient hypothesis in human. Finally, it offers insights into managerial implications of the goal-gradient hypothesis in the marketing field. This study focuses on the changes in motivations for achieving goals, in terms of how approaches to goals vary according to temporal distance from those goals. Specifically, the temporal construal theory (Liberman and Trope 1998) is considered as the underlying mechanism of the goal-gradient in that the temporal construal theory argues how the temporal distance from a goal makes people change their associated values regarding to that goal. According to the temporal construal theory, the value of distant future outcomes (near future outcomes) is construed on the basis of abstract and central features (concrete and peripheral features), and it argues that distant future situations are construed on a higher level than near future situations. This means that the value associated with the high-level construal is enhanced over delay, whereas the value associated with the low-level construal is discounted over delay. Our propositions suggest that the goal-gradient behavior in human can be motivated by the different aspects or characteristics of the goal as time changes based on the temporal construal theory. Thus, the following propositions are proposed. P 1-1: If the goal is far away, consumers put more value on the central features that are more associated with the desirability of the goal. P 1-2: If the goal is far away, consumers put more effort into accomplishing the goal that has more central features, regardless of its peripheral features. P 2-1: If a goal is near, consumers put more value on the peripheral features that are more associated with the feasibility of the goal. P 2-2: If a goal is near, consumers put more effort into accomplishing the goal that has more peripheral features, regardless of its central features. We hope to provide sufficient managerial implications for the companies as our research aims to show how consumers react differently as they progress toward the goal. Proposed propositions may provide guidance for companies developing a loyalty program, enabling them to understand what kinds of benefits or services they should provide or emphasize to consumers in loyalty programs on the basis of the time-dependent changes in outcome values (such as gifts, reward coupons). The effects of temporal distance from a goal should inform companies' marketing activities and help themto determine where emphasis should be placed in designing the benefits of their loyalty program.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.43-58
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of organizational learning culture on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Two streams of scholarly work have provided the theoretical foundations for this study. The first stream comes from the literature on learning organization. The second stream of the theoretical foundation comes from an extensive literature on attitude-intention-behavior relationships. In addition, this study was tested three alternative models. Alternative model 1 employed job satisfaction as the mediating commitments variable between learning culture and organizational commitment. Alternative model 2 used organizational commitment as the mediating variable between learning culture and job satisfaction. Finally, alternative model 3 specified a direct impact of learning culture on both job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and reciprocal linkages between these two variables. The results of this study support the hypothesized relations among an organization's learning culture, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The findings of this study are various congruent with a widely accepted hypothesis that job satisfaction serves as an appraisal function in evaluating various work environments and determining emotional responses such as organizational commitment. Organizational learning culture is one of the important factors that organizations cannot overlook. Therefore, the findings of this study provide a new direction for researchers seeking to explain the complex relations among these central organizational variables.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.299-312
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• 1998

This paper explores the possibility of improving R&D management system through researchers' satisfaction analysis. The relationship between job satisfaction and performance has traditionally been one of the engaging topics in organization psychology. However, the research results of the past showed the relatively low level of correlation between satisfaction and performance at the individual level. In contrast to these past research results, recent research results on this relationship at the organizational level revealed the higher correlation between these two factors, The present study extends this 'satisfaction and performance' hypothesis to the development and improvement of R&D management system. That is, we used the results of researchers' satisfaction analysis to devise appropriate criteria for the design and implementation of more effective R&D management systems. This paper seeks to show that we can make fruitful use of researchers' satisfaction analysis in order to choose a more effective one among alternative R&D management systems.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.237-249
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• 1999

It has been issued that the irreconcilability of the classical test for a point null and standard Bayesian formulation for testing such a point null. The infimum of the posterior probability of the null hypothesis is used as measure of evidence against the null hypothesis in Bayesian approach; here the infimum is over the family of priors on the alternative hypotheses which includes all density that are a priori reasonable. For iid observations from a multivariate normal distribution in $\textit{p}$ dimensions with an unknown mean and a covariance matrix propotional to the Identity we consider the difference and the Wolfowitz distance of the distributions of the P-value and the lower bound of the posterior probability over the family of all normal priors. The Wolfowitz distance is interpreted as the average difference of the quantiles of the two distrbutions.