• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.14 no.2 s.23
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• pp.71-76
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• 1975

The study has been carried to find a proper site for seed potato production in Jeon Bug Province, Korea. Two fields, one at the alpine area (700-800 m sea level) in Muju county and the other at the plain area in Jeoniu, were chose for this study. Seed potatoes for the experiment were obtained from Alpine Experiment Station and from the traditional sources in Muju area. During the growing season the virus infection (Potato virus X,S,Y, and M) was detected by serolgical method. The average percent of virus infection on the original seed potatoes, which have been used as a seed source in Korea, was $50.5\%$, and the ratio of the infection for each of potato virus, Y, M and X was 34..87, 40.33, 41.00 and $87.10\%$, respectively. Infection percentage of virus at first year in Muju area was $11.7\%$ and those in Jeonju area was $18.95\%$. In case of potato virus Y, the most prevalent virus in Korea, lower Infection percentage $(6.45\%)$ was found in Muju area than in tile Jeonju area $(26.0\%)$ when the seed from Alpine Experiment Station was planted in both areas. The percentage of infected seed potato, Alpine Experiment Station$(41.75\%)$ was almost the same as those from the traditional sources in Muju $(42.17\%)$. The production of seed potato, however, was much better by the seeds from Alpine Experiment Station.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 1994

The present study was conducted to examine the reprodutive performance and organs autopsy of culled dairy cows at alpine area. 795 culled dairy cows were managed and 206 culled dairy cows were examined by autopsy of reproductive organs at above 800m of sea level around the Daegwallryoung alpine area. The results of this study were at follows ; 1. Age and parity of culled dairy cows were 60.8 months and 3.0, respectively. 2. Age of first AI of heifer was 18.7 months, and age of pregnancy and parturition of heifer were 19.5 months and 28.6 months, respectively. 3. Al time per pregnancy was 1.7 and time of pregnancy after parturition, pregnancy period and calving interval were 140.9, 279.6 and 424.9 days, respectively. 4. Culled months after last parturition was 4.3 and the highest urogenital deseases of culled reason were 358(45.0%). 5. Reproductive organs deseases by autopsy were 120(58.4%), the highest ovary disease were 75(43.6%). 6. The highest ovary adhesions of reproductive organ diseases were 46(26.7%), infundibulum adhesion, obstruction of the oviduct and endometritis were 38(22.1%), 15(8.7%), and 14(8.2%), respectively. 7. In culled dairy cow for the reproductive organ disease, parity, age, culled months and AI number after last parturition were 3.2, 66.5 months, 7.9 months and 2.1, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.13 no.4 s.21
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• pp.205-208
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• 1974

This survey was carried out in order to find out population density of aphid at the alpine area. Thetraps were set from May 1 to October 31 in 1973. The summarized results are as follows; 1. About 37 species of aphids were trapped, including 4 species of potatao virus vectors. 2. Of these, dominant species are Aphis gossypii Koch, Aphis lerodendri Matsumura, and Lipahis erysimi Kaltenbaeh. The $67\%$ of 3, dominant species consisted of the trapped total aphids. 3. The potato virus vectors are Myzus persicae Sulzer, Aulacorhum solani Kaltenbach, Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbaeh and Aphis gossypii Glover. 4. Tile number of aphids and vectors at the alpine area is considerably lower than that at the level land. 5. The peak of the flying aphid occurrence is shown in the latter part of September.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.17 no.2 s.35
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• pp.81-87
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• 1978

Late blight incited by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is an important problem for seed potato prodcution in Korea. At the alpine Daekwanryeong area, unprotected potatoes are often defoliated within 14 days after late blight is first observed in the field. Since regular spraying can control late blight, the forecasting service is needed for timely initiation of the spraying program. Climatological data and notes on late blight incidence were recorded during 1970-1977 at the Alpine Experiment Station. The moving graph method using 7-day average mean temperature and 7-day total rainfall did not give highly accurate forecasts. Adding data on relative humidity and 7-day average minimum temperature increased the usefulness of the moving graph. Yields of late blight susceptible varietieties in sprayed plots were related to late blight occurrence and to the rainfall distribution pattern.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.110-121
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• 2022

Leaf functional traits widely have been used to understand the environmental controls of resource utilization strategy of plants along the environmental gradients. By using key leaf functional traits, we quantified the relationships between leaf traits and local climate throughout the distributional range of Rhododendron caucasicum Pall. in eastern and western Georgian mountains (the South Caucasus). Our results revealed, that all traits showed high levels of intraspecific variability across study locations and confirmed a strong phenotypic differentiation of leaf functional variation along the east-west longitudinal gradient in response to the local climate; out of the explored climatic variables, the moisture factors related to precipitation and number of precipitation and dry days for winter and growth seasons were more strongly related to leaf trait variation than the elevation and air temperature. Among studied leaf traits, the leaf specific area (SLA) showed the highest level of variability indicating the different resource utilization strategies of eastern and western-central Rh. caucasicum individuals. High SLA leaves for western-central Caucasian individuals work in relatively resource-rich environments (more humid in terms of precipitation amount and the number of precipitation days in winter) and could be explained by preferential allocation to photosynthesis and growth, while eastern Caucasian samples work in resource-poor environments (less humid in terms of precipitation amount and the number of precipitation days in winter) and the retention of captured resources is a higher priority appearing in a low SLA leaves. However, more evidence from a broader study of the species throughout its distribution range by including additional environmental factors and molecular markers are needed for firmer conclusions of intraspecific variability of Rh. caucasicum.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 2009

This study evaluates the water quality of the river near the alpine farmland in the upper Naerin stream, which is a typical stream of the upper Bukhan River with muddy water generation, by the flow examination, it aims to estimate the characteristics of nonpoint sources flowing out from the investigated area and figure out effective methods to reduce them. According to the result of water quality examination, the average BOD of the area not affected by the cultivated land among the areas of the upper Naerin River was 0.47mg/l, and total phosphorous was 0.007mg/l; thus, it maintained the cleanliness level of Ia. The average BOD of the area with the alpine farmland was 0.52mg/l, which was similar to the one of the non-cultivated land. But total phosphorous concentration was 0.023mg/l, which was more than three times higher than the area belonging to level II due to the effect of fertilizer ingredients discharged from the cultivated land. About the loadings of the investigated area generated from each of the pollution sources, BOD was 878.5kg/day and total phosphorous was 79.7kg/day. Moreover, for the load density, BOD was $2.22kg/day.km^2$ and total phosphorous was shown as $0.20kg/day.km^2$. Regarding the rates generated from nonpoint sources like land among the loadings per pollution sources, BOD was 54%, total nitrogen was 91%, and total phosphorous was 73.4%. Therefore, it was shown that most of the nutrients were produced from the nonpoint sources. The level of BOD runoff loading in the Jaun River area, where nonpoint sources were mainly generated, was 37.1kg/day and total phosphorous was 1.33kg/day. The flow rates to the generated amount were estimated as 10.5% and 4.7% each.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.382.5-383
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• 2001

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2014

Summer cabbages in an alpine area are very sensitive to the fluctuations in supply and demand. Yield variability due to weather conditions dictates the market fluctuations of cabbage price. This study reports an empirical relationship based on weather conditions to estimate the growth and harvestable biomass of cabbages, factors that are critical for supply of summer cabbages. Based on experimental results testing sowing date effects over the two years from 1997 to 1998, a logistic equation was parameterized to predict leaf area expansion of summer cabbages. This logistic model for leaf area expansion was then combined with an empirical allometric relationship to predict total biomass. The final equation for estimating fresh weight accumulation of Chinese cabbage is given by: $$Fresh\;weight=3500/(1+{\exp}(5.175-1.153{\times}(6/(1+{\exp}(6.367-0.0064{\times}PHU)))))$$ Where PHU is potential heat units ($^{\circ}C$). The model performance was tested using weather data from 2003 to 2006 to predict fresh harvestable biomass. Overall the model performance was satisfactory with the correlation efficient ranging between 0.89 and 0.94 for each year.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_2
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• pp.519-529
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• 1998

The vegetation of alpine and subalpine zone from timber line, 2,000m altitude, to the upper area of Mt. Packtu were investigated by phytosociological method. The plant distribution along to the different altitudes shown as follows: Betula ermani community with Rhododendron redowskianum occupied dominantly at 2,000m area as patch forms, Rhododendron redowskianum community with Vaccinium uliginosum, at 2,180-2,200m area, both Vaccinium uliginosum and Rhododendron redowskianum community were compatible with each other at 2,243m area. Rhododendron redowskianum community at 2,250, Salix rotundifolia community, Erigeron thunbergii var. glabrata community, Dryas octopetala var. asiatica community and Carex atrata community were occurred frequently at 2,263m around Chonji Lake. Rhododendron aureum, Thunbergii coccinea and V accinium uliginosum showed higher cover degree than other species at 2,370m area, Phyllodoce coerulea-Rhododendron aureum community at 2,400m, Rhododendron redowskianum community at 2,470m, Rhododendron aureum community at 2,490m, Salix rotundifolia at 2,520m, Rhododendron redowskianum community at 2,580m, Dryas octopetala var. asiatica community, Salix rotundifolia, and bistorta achotensis etc. at 2,650 altitude area were settled as sparse, creeping shape on the surface soil and dwarf plants of about 15cm heights.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.13 no.4 s.21
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• pp.227-231
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• 1974

During the period from 1971 to 73 physiologic races of potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, causing severe losses of seed potato production at Alpine area, Korea, were investigated. In 1971, 68 isolates of the pathogen from various potato varieties were identified by the use of differential host Plants, and found that there were 10 races; 0, 1, 2, 3, 1.3, 1.4, 3.4, 1.3.4, 2.3.4. The most Predominant races for the year were 0 and 3. In 1972, the same procedure was repeated with 62 isolates of the pathogen, and found 5 different races; 0, 1, 4, 1.3 and 1.3.4. The most predominant race for the year was race 0. In 1973, six races; 0, 3, 4, 1.3, 3.4 and 1.3.4 were found from 76 isolates of the year, and the race 0 and 4 apperared as the most Predominant races for the year. Total of 11 races; 0, 1, 3, 4, 1.3, 1.4, 3.4, 1.3.4, 2.3.4 and 1.2.3.4, were found during the period from 1971 to 73 at Alpine area, among which the most predominant races were race 0, 3, and 4. The investigation indicated that the anual incidence of these races largely depended on the climatic conditions of the year.