• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2000

Abstract A facultative alkalophilic gram-negative Vibrio metschnikovii strain RH530, isolated from the wastewater, produced several alkaline proteases (VAP) including six alkaline serine proteases and a metalloprotease. From this strain, high yielding YAP mutants were isolated by NTG treatment. The isolated mutant KS1 showed nine times more activity than the wild-type after optimization of the culture media. The production was regulated by catabolite repression when glucose was added to the medium. The effects of several organic nitrogen sources on the production of the YAP were investigated to avoid catabolite repression. The combination of 4% wheat gluten meal (WGM), 1.5% cotton seed flour (eSF), and 5% soybean meal (SBM) resulted in the best production when supplemented with 1% NaCl. The YAP showed a resistance to surfactants such as $sodium-{\alpha}-olefin$ sulfonate (AOS), polyoxy ethylene oxide (POE), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), yet not to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). However, the activity of the YAP was restored completely when incubated with LAS in the presence of POE or $Na_2SO_4$. The YAP was stable in a liquid laundry detergent containing 6.6% SLES (sodium lauryl ether sulfate), 6.6% LAS, 19.8% POE, and stabilizing agents for more than two weeks at $40^{\circ}C$, but the stability was sharply decreased even after 1 day when incubated at $60^{\circ}C$. A washing performance test with the YAP exhibited it to be a good washing power by showing 51 % and 60% activity at $25^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}40^{\circ}C$, respectively, thereby indicating that the YAP also has a good detergency at a low temperature. All the results suggest that the YAP produced from the mutant strain KSI has suitable properties for use in laundry detergents.rgents.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the interrelationship between ranges of motion of the knee and ankle joints on the sagittal plane and the attenuation magnitude of impact shock at high frequency (9~20 Hz) in the support phase during downhill running. Method: Fifteen male heel-toe runners with no history of lower extremity injuries were recruited for this study (age, $25.07{\pm}5.35years$; height, $175.4{\pm}4.6cm$; mass, $75.8{\pm}.70kg$). Two uniaxial accelerometers were mounted to the tuberosity of tibia and sacrum, respectively, to measure acceleration signals. The participants were asked to run at their preferred running speed on a treadmill set at $0^{\circ}$, $7^{\circ}$, and $15^{\circ}$ downhill. Six optical cameras were placed around the treadmill to capture the coordinates of the joints of the lower extremities. The power spectrum densities of the two acceleration signals were analyzed and used in the transfer function describing the gain and attenuation of impact shock between the tibia and the sacrum. Angles of the knee and ankle joints on the sagittal plane and their angle ranges were calculated. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between two variables, the magnitude of impact shock, and the range of joint angle under three downhill conditions. The alpha level was set at .05. Results: Close correlations were observed between the knee joint range of motion and the attenuation magnitude of impact shock regardless of running slopes (p<.05), and positive correlations were found between the ranges of motion of the knee and ankle joints and the attenuation magnitude of impact shock in $15^{\circ}$ downhill running (p<.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, increased knee flexion might be required to attenuate impact shock during downhill and level running through change in stride or cadence while maintaining stability, and strong and flexible ankle joints are also needed in steeper downhill running.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2001

An image exists in the thought of every subjective person and it exercises its influence over everything, having a great power in the real world. An positive image of the nurse has an influence on her faith, value and confidence, therefore increasing her job satisfaction, helping to upgrade her level of profession of nursing through qualitative nursing service as a result, considering the necessity of such an image when it comes to improvement of the profession, the confirmation of the image is indispensable to its evaluation of a speciality in nursing. This study is intended to help that improvement of the nursing profession in the present so that the total effort in every field of nursing is made and to offer basic material for developing a strategy to improve the image of nurses. This study is designed to investigate such an image descriptively. The subjects include 105 nurses, 60 doctors, 68 office workers, 88 medical engineers, 127 patients and there protectors with a total of 448 adapted with accidental sampling, who work at Y and W general hospital in Chonju. The measuring instrument consists of 40 question, with the researcher amended and made from on of Inja Song(1993), Donsoon Lee(1995), Ilsim yang(1998), and its Cronbach's alpha coefficient is .95. Data were collected from March 1 2000 to March 20, 2000 using self-reported questionnairs, analyzed with SPSS WIN 7.5 after encoding. The results are as follows: 1. Most of the subjects thinks the nursing as a hard, stressful, always busy job(more than 75%), and consider nurses as good-looking, supportive and responsible to co-workers to above average degree($50.0{\sim}74.9%$), especially it shows the idea that nursing is independently academic job and has come to fasten itself upon the public. But it shows below the everage($25.0%{\sim}49.9%$) in regard to self development as a specialist, affection for there job, an association activity, service to the community, high intelligence level and direct given patient nursing service. It also rated low as a recommendable job, independently nursing accomplishment, social position. 2. The nurses, patients and there protectors expressed more positive opinions than doctors, medical engineers, office workers about the image of the nurse(F=18.80, p=.00). This fact indicates that the former group evaluated the image similarly contrary to lowness of the latter. 3. In the study on what influenced upon the image, it defines to 79.8% by direct contact in the hospital or acquaintance with nurses, and 16.3% by mass media. 67.3% answered that they saw the image in a new light through hospitalization, which suggests an important source for the image management originates from caring for the quality of nursing service. Considering the evaluation of the image above, we need strategies to lead a unique professional knowledge and technological development, insurance of professional self-determination, high social position, participation in group activities, dedication to lifetime job, in order that nursing comes to expand as a professional occupation. Also, as for generating more positive images, we must take the quality of nursing service into account and offer and monitor correct information about the expanded role and function of the nurse continuously so that mass media reflect a more accurate image of nurses in general.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.374-381
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 $L{\ddot{o}}e$ & Silness의 치태지수를 사용하여 음파 칫솔과 일반 칫솔의 효과를 비교하는 것이다. 연세대학교 치과대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 전신질환이 없는 3-6세 어린이 34명을 대상으로 교차설계, 연구자에 대한 눈가림법을 사용한 무작위 대조군 연구가 진행되었다. 연구 참여자는 2개의 군으로 무작위로 나누어져 음파 칫솔과 일반 칫솔을 번갈아 2주씩 사용하였고, 칫솔질 전후 구강위생상태를 $L{\ddot{o}}e$ & Silness의 치태지수를 사용하여 측정하여 차이를 비교하였다. 음파 칫솔 사용 후 $0.26{\pm}0.28$, 일반 칫솔 사용 후 $0.09{\pm}0.22$의 치태지수 감소를 보였고, 이는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). 성별과 나이에 따른 음파 칫솔의 치태 제거 효과는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p > 0.05). 연구 결과, 3-6세 어린이에서 음파 칫솔이 일반 칫솔에 비해 치태 제거 효과는 좋았고, 성별과 연령에 따른 치태 제거 효과의 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2016

본 연구는 중소기업의 연구개발 프로세스를 분석하여 국내 중소기업의 연구개발 프로세의 문제점을 진단하고, 혁신역량이 연구개발 속도와 기업 성과에 미치는 영향을 평가했다. 이러한 영향에 대한 평가는 혁신역량에 관한 요인의 융복합요인을 고려하여 분석하는 것으로 유형에 따른 발전방향성을 파악할 수 가 있다. 본 연구의 주요 목적은 혁신역량 및 경영환경에 따라 연구개발 속도에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 연구의 신뢰성과 유효성 검증을 위해 내부 일관성을 나타내는 크론바흐 알파를 사용하였다. 본 연구는 연구개발 속도가 R&D활동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석한 연구이고, 기업의 내부 역량에 관한 자원을 기반한 접근이 필요하다는 것을 목표로 한 연구로 학술적 가치를 갖는다. 각각의 요인에 대해 기업에 미치는 영향에 따라 기업개발역량 수준 유지를 통해 연구개발, 재무적 지표에 미치는 영향을 분석한 연구이며 기업의 전략 수립에 미치는 연구개발 역량 개발에 근거가 될 수 있는 실무적 가치가 있는 연구이다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.159-166
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• 1969

It is necessry to develop and strengthen the activity of enzymic source which in low applied for maggerley brewing as an amylolytic and proteolytic starter, recently in this country the active and strong enzymic starter is required for the better brewing and to substitute another starch material for the present wheat flour. In this study, manufacturing method the strong enzymic source have been developed and established with use of raw wheat bran plus fungal strains of Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus usamii the culture of starter. The results on experimental the activities of enzymic sources (stater) are as following ; 1. Method of making the enzymic source (starter) is to cultivate the strains of Asperguillus orzyae, Asp. kawachii, Asp usamii and Rhizopus sp. in the acid treated raw or heatboiled wheat bran. 2. The saccharogenic pwoer (S.P.) of enzymic source which consisted of raw bran plus fungi and cultured in it is generally stronger than those of heat-boiled bran plus fungi, the strongest power was shown in the culture of Rhizopus plus raw bran, and the next other is in mixture of Asp.usamii and Rhizopus on raw wheat bran. 3. The most strong alpha amylase activity was expressed in the plot of Asp.oryzae on heat-boiled wheat bran, the next was in the culture of Rhizopus nad Aspergillus usamii on raw wheatbran. 4. The most vigourous acidic proteinase activity was expressed in the micture of raw bran plus Asp. usamii and Rhizopus those were independentlu cu;tured before mixing for neutral proteinase activity, it was shown in the mixed culture of Asp. usamii and Rhizopus on raw wheat bran, the msot active alkaline proteinase activity of enzymic source was found in the plot of raw bran material. 5. For poly-preptidase activity in pH 6.5 it is found that the culture of Rhizopus and Asp.usamii on raw bran was most active among them of enzymic sources. 6. Generally, it is concluded that culture of fungi on acid treated raw wheat bran is stronger in its activity than those of heat boiled wheat bran, especially the culture of Rhizopus nad Asp.usamii on raw bran exhibited the most vigorous and non-polarized activity for all aspects, so it is considered to be most desirable enzymic stater in Korean Maggerley brewing and this would be able to substitute brewing material for the present wheat flour because of its strong and wide hand activity of amylolytic and proteolytic action.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2005

기존의 표준공법과 신공법간의 품질특성치의 평균에 차이가 있는지를 알아보기 위한 가장 실용적인 실험 설계는 표준공법으로 진행되고 있는 공정을 신공법으로 바꾼 후에 연속적으로 생산해서 실험 자료를 얻는 것이다. 이 실험 자료로부터 평균 수율의 차이가 있는 지를 검정하기 위해서는 표준공법으로 연속해서 생산된 제품들의 수율에 관한 정보를 추가적으로 필요로 한다. 표준공법으로 연속해서 생산된 제품들의 수율에 관한 충분한 최근의 자료가 없으면 분할법에 의한 실험설계가 실용적인 설계이다. 분할법 I은 각 단계의 실험을 축차적으로도 실시할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 단계 1에서는 표준공법과 신공법의 실시순서를 랜덤하게 정한다. 그다음에 정해진 방법에 따라서 연속해서 실험을 r회 실시한다. 단계 2,..., rep에서도 동일한 방법으로 실험을 실시한다. 분할법 II는 모든 실험을 한번에 실시하는 설계로, 두 개의 공정조건의 변경이 제한적으로 가능하다면 먼저 rep개의 반복을 갖는 각 공법을 2*rep개의 일차단위에 랜덤하게 배치하고, 일차단위에 랜덤하게 배치된 공정조건을 고정시키고 실험을 r회 반복한다. 분할법에서 일반적으로 공정조건을 변경하는데 비용과 시간이 많이 들어서 rep를 적게 하는 효율적인 실험의 반복수 ${\gamma}^*$을 결정하는 것이 엔지니어들의 관심사항이다. 분할법 I이나 분할법 II에서의 효율적인 실험의 반복수는 ${\gamma}^*$=6이고, 차선책은 ${\gamma}^*$=4이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1656-1664
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• 2009

Bioaugmentation of bioreactors focuses on the removal of numerous organics, with little attention typically paid to the maintenance of high and stable nitrite accumulation in partial nitrification. In this study, a bioaugmented membrane bioreactor (MBR) inoculated with enriched ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was developed, and the effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature on the stability of partial nitrification and microbial community structure, in particular on the nitrifying community, were evaluated. The results showed that DO and temperature played the most important roles in the stability of partial nitrification in the bioaugmented MBR. The optimal operation conditions were found at 2-3 mgDO/l and $30^{\circ}C$, achieving 95% ammonia oxidization efficiency and nitrite ratio ($NO_2^-/{NO_x}^-$) of 0.95. High DO (5-6 mg/l) and low temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) had negative impacts on nitrite accumulation, leading to nitrite ratio drop to 0.6. However, the nitrite ratio achieved in the bioaugmented MBR was higher than that in most previous literatures. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to provide an insight into the microbial community. It showed that Nitrosomonas-like species as the only detected AOB remained predominant in the bioaugmented MBR all the time, and coexisted with numerous heterotrophic bacteria. The heterotrophic bacteria responsible for mineralizing soluble microbial products (SMP) produced by nitrifiers belonged to the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB) group, and $\alpha$-, $\beta$-, and $\gamma$- Proteobacteria. The fraction of AOB ranging from 77% to 54% was much higher than that of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (0.4-0.9%), which might be the primary cause for the high and stable nitrite accumulation in the bioaugmented MBR.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.400-411
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• 2017

본 연구는 비만여성들의 모션비트 리듬운동의 실효성을 극대화하고 생활체육 현장에 적용을 기대하고자하며 그에 따른 건강증진행위의 향상과 지속적인 운동 참가의 조성방안을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 리듬운동 구성은 리권운동을 기본으로 하여 모션비트를 적용한 모션비트 리듬운동 집단 18명, 모션비트를 적용하지 않은 일반비트 리듬운동 집단 18명, 통제 집단 18명으로 나누어 8주간의 중재 프로그램을 적용하였다. 비만여성들의 모션비트 리듬운동에 대한 효과는 다음과 같은 결론으로 요약할 수 있다. 뇌파 반응의 변화가 건강증진행위에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, 모션비트 리듬운동 집단의 변화에서는 전전두엽 좌측 뇌파(알파파워)에서 스트레스관리에 대한 건강증진행위에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 일반비트 모션비트 집단의 변화에서는 전전두엽 양측 뇌파에서 자아실현에 대한 건강증진행위에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해보면, 8주간의 모션비트를 적용한 운동을 통하여 전전두엽의 긍정적 변화가 스트레스와 관련한 건강관리행위에 재미와 흥미를 극대화시켜줌으로써 비만여성들을 위한 적절하고 효율적인 생활체육 프로그램으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 아울러 비만인들의 단순 신체효과를 나타낸 결과에서 벗어나 재미있고 여유로운 운동의 효과를 확보하여 지속적인 운동참가의 조성방안으로 제시될 것이라 기대해 본다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of manual acupuncture at the $LI_4$, $ST_{36}$ and $LR_3$ on Electroencephalogram(EEG) of patients with stroke. Methods : 32 channel EEG measurement was carried out in 35 Stroke patients(23 males and 12 females). EEG was measured for 21 minutes(made up of 7 sessions, 1 session means 3 minutes time interval) including 15 minutes(5 sessions) of acupuncture time. Power spectrum analysis was used as a measure of complexity. Statistical analysis was performed using Linear mixed model and DUNNETT's multiple comparison. Results : The results were as follows; 1. EEG amplitude was reduced during acupuncture except electrodes PG1 and PG2. 2. There was a notable change during 6~9 minutes after needling in ${\delta}{\cdot}{\beta}{\cdot}{\gamma}$ wave, and during 6~9 minutes after needling in ${\Theta}{\cdot}{\alpha}$ wave. Overall, during 6~9 minutes after needling. 3. TP8 is a common significant electrode among five wave forms. Conclusions : These results suggest that TP8 could be typical electrodes and change of EEG compared to baseline happens most often during 6~9 minutes after manipulated acupuncture at the $LI_4$, $ST_{36}$ and $LR_3$ of patients with stroke.