• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 2004

A significant error in the end milling processes is generated due to using slender tools of which the strengths are not sufficient. In order to obtain the desired machining accuracy, therefore, it is general that at first the rough cut is implemented, then the finish cut is followed. The rough cut eliminates large volume and the finish cut does the remained part. This remaining portion after the rough cut is called as the finish allowance. Larger finish allowances make it hard to get precise dimensions at a following finish cut. Smaller finish allowances are helpful for good dimension, but it sometimes is responsible for inferior surface qualities and over cuts. This study suggests a guidance for the optimum finish allowance for machining accuracy improvement, in which the rough cuts are regulated to remain the desired margins without any over cuts. Some experiments were carried out with various cutting conditions including the change of tool strengths and depth of cuts, and also extended to up millings as well as down millings.

• 노동경제논집
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.1-31
• /
• 2016

고용노동부 "고용보험DB" 의 상실자 종합통계와 실업급여 지급통계를 이용하여 구직급여 수급자격자의 수급과 재취업에 따른 수급자격 상실을 경합적 위험(competing risks)모형으로 분석하였다. 아울러 구직급여 수급률과 경기지수 간의 교차상관관계 분석을 하였다. 분석결과 구직급여 수급률이 실업률과 정(+)의 상관관계를 보이고, 6개월가량 실업률과 경기동행지수를 선행한다. 아울러 수급률이 연령, 학력, 급여지급기간, 소득대체율과 정(+)의 상관관계를 보이고 있다.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.305-323
• /
• 2008

Climate change is one of the broadest and the most complex issues of international environmental cooperation. Concern about climate change has been steadily increasing and has become a worldwide issue. According to IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change)'s recently report, global warming has accelerated vest serious problems. GHG(Green House Gas) emissions trading schemes, including the Kyoto mechanism that spread to solving the problems. Based on the evaluation on GHG emissions trading schemes, we also find some policy implications on the future development of emissions trading the conventional air pollutants in Korea which start to 2007. The regulatory authority needs to make clear how to allocate allowances to new entrants and also to keep the balance between the opportunity costs of reduction between potential shutdown facilities and new entrants. Under the current rule that does not allow shutdown credits, an equivalent level of allowances needs to be allocated to new entrants free of charge. We believe our policy recommendations may be useful not only for Korea but also for a the other countries, since they are facing a similar policy environment as Korea, particularly in the case of climate change.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.23-43
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 탄소배출권거래시 할당과 관련한 방법론 중 경매할당에 관한 연구로, 실험경제 방식을 이용하여, 가격결정방식간의 효율성을 비교하였다. 가격결정방식 중 단일가격 결정방식과 복수가격 결정방식에 대한 효율성을 비교하기에 앞서 무상할당, 일률배분 할당, 경매할당에 대한 배출권 가격분포를 분석함으로써, 경매할당이 불완전경쟁 체제하에서 시장수렴면에서 우월함을 입증하였다. Buckley et al.(2004) 연구에서 적용한 실험방식을 활용하여 거래상황을 설계하였으며, 실험결과, 단일가격 결정방식이 효율성 면에서 우월한 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 단일가격 결정방식은 시장참여자들이 승자의 저주(winner's curse)를 회피할 수 있기 때문에 시장참여자들이 보다 과감하게 입찰에 응함으로써, 배출권거래 운영자에게 한계저감비용에 대한 정보를 쉽게 노출시킨다는 점에서 거래운영을 용이하게 하는 이점이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 경매수익 면에서는 단일가격 결정방식이 복수가격 결정방식보다 우월하다는 결론을 내리기에는 통계적 유의성이 확보되지 않았다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.365-374
• /
• 1997

Due to the continuous change of socio-economic circumstances and dietary pattern, the need to change recommended dietary allowances and the basic food groups has been required. Consequently, there have been six revisions of the Korea RDAs, the national recommanded dietary allowances. I reviewed the six sequences of revisions concerning the basic food groups. Up to the fifth revision, the ranks of the basic food groups were based upon the dietary needs of the people of the perspective era. However, in the sixth revision, there was no rank associated with the food groups, but the food groups were portrayed in a food composition tower that explained their importance and their necessary consumption amounts. I could indirectly observe the dietary pattern of each era by analyzing the basic food groups and the representative foods of each food group. I also studied information of pictorial representations of the basic food groups and compared the items of the representative foods with nutrient analysis table. By observing nutrient analysis table, I analyzed whether the clarified representative foods of the basic food groups are indeed foods that were eaten frequently by people daily.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.1874-1881
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 가전제품 서비스 엔지니어의 직무만족도에 어떠한 요소들이 영향을 미치는 지를 조사 분석하였다. 직무만족도는 현직만족도와 계속근무의사로 구분하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 엔지니어 개인적 특성에 있어서는 성격이 직무만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 파악되었다. 조직적 특성에 있어서는 사회적 지지와 급여 및 복리후생이 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 결론적으로 이러한 직무만족도를 높이는 방법은 무엇보다도 외향적인 성격을 가지고 있는 직원을 채용하고, 급여 및 복리후생이 잘되어 있고 업무의 량을 적정하게 분배하는 것이 중요한 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.275-289
• /
• 1989

The purpose of this study is to develop a computer system with data file and computerized programs for nutrition counseling. In this research, a 16 / XT personal computer (word : COBOL) compatible with IBM-PC/XT was used. Computer system developed for this study was as follows: Data files(food composition list, food exchange list, nutrition management comment, special diet therapy) were used for analysis the nutritional status and the ntrition education comment. (1) Programs for the nutritional status assessment 1) General information a) Name, age, sex, higher, weight, activity, disease and special diet b) Ideal body weight and Obesity assessment(Kaup index and Broca index) c) Rest and athletics status d) Biochemical data comparision with standard 2) Food Intakes 3) Nutrient Intakes a) Comparison of the amounts intaked with the recommended dietary allowances for present weight. b) Comparison of the energy composition rate intaked with the recommended dietary allowances for present weight. b) Comparison of the energy composition rate intaked with the recommended for present weight and ideal weight. c) Nutrient analysis by each meal and snack. 4) Food intakes from each food group and comparison with recommended 5) Special nutrient analysis. (2) Programs for the nutrition education based on nutritional status assessment. 1) Suggestion of number of food exchange group 2) Nutritional assessment and advise comments 3) Nutritional management comments 4) Special diet therapy In the study, the nutritioal status and nutrition education comments are based on individual data from nutrition counseling.

• 무역학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.115-130
• /
• 2022

In this study, I focus on analyzing how the effects of implementing ETS are different depending on whether Korean ETS linking with carbon markets in other countries. The global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model built in this study analyzes the chages in the production and trade of industrial sectors according to the international linkage of ETS compared to the reference scenario of emissions reduction targets and implementation of ETS. From the analysis of internatioanl linkage of carbon markets scenarios, Annex B countries-South Korea carbon market linkage with individual ETS in China worse the economic outcomes in South Korea the most. This means South Korea lose the international competitiveness compared to China in this scenario. On the other hand, Annex B-China carbon market linkage with Korean individual ETS implementation reduce the decreases in production and trading. The most effective way is to join a global emissions trading market with China. The results are consistent in most industries of South Korea. These results are caused by that the supply of emission allowance is increased and the price of emissions allowances is dropped by China's participation to the carbon market, which can be understood to reduce the carbon reduction cost for industrial sectors. In addition, it can be also concluded that the determinant of the negative impact of ETS on changes in production and trade is more sensitive to the price of emissions allowances than to the characteristics of production and trade structure.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.47-63
• /
• 1973

This study concerns the nutritional status of food in a lunch-box and the school lunch program provided for Dong Duck Elementary School Pupils in Daegu. Two hundred andsix pupils were randomly selected as a sample. The nutrients contained in a lunch-box and school lunch menu were analyzed according to the Food Composition Table. Nutrients and cost of the Dong Duck Elementary School Lunch were compared to the average nutrient contents of food in a lunch-box of o pupil. In addition, comparisons between the Recommended Daily Allowances of nutrients for Korean children aged from 9 to 11 (4th, 5th, and 6th grade) and that of the contained nutrients in the average lunch-box were conducted. The average nutrients contained in the lunch-box compared with the Recommended Daily Allowances are: Calorie 77.41% (542.60ca1), Protein 73.60% (16.93gr), Fat 33.95% (3.95gr), Calcium 27.85% (111.39mg), Ferret 80.30% (2.65mg), Vitamin A 10.09% (100.93 I.U.), Vitamin Bl 70.27% (0.27mg), Vitamin B2 88.37% (0.38mg), Vitamin C 15.40% (3.45mg). All of the nutrients in the lunch-box fall far below the Recommended Daily Allowances for the 9-11 age group. The average nutrients of staple food in the lunch-box compared with the side-dishes were found to contain Calorie 90.80%, Protein 50.32%, Fat 58.27%, Calcium 37.07 %, Ferret 53.96%, Vitamin A 0.0028%, Vitamin B1 78.11%, Vitamin B2 21.09%. The nutrients of food contained in the Dong Duck Elementary School Lunch Program compared with the Recommended Daily Allowances were: 1. The Protein, Fat, Ferret, Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B2 content was generally satisfactory. 2. Calcuim, Vitamin A and Vitamin C were lower than the Recommended Daily Allowances. 3. The Calorie content was generally lower for the 9-11 age group. The per pupil cost of the lunch-box was 41.87 won which includes the cost of staple food 16.92 won and side-dishes 24.95 won, whereas the school lune Provided by Dong Duck Elementary School Costs 35 won per pupil. Questionnaires were sent to four hundred parents (through their children) to find out their attitude toward the school lunch program. 390(97.50%) of them were returned and 7 of them dia not answer at all. Therefore, these were eliminated from the samlpe. Among 185 parents whose children were eating the school lunch; 172 parents (92.97% ) would pay 40 won for the proposed new school lunch program whereas only 13 parents (7.03%) did not want it. Among 198 parents whose children were not having the school lunch, 58 parents (29.29%) would agree to have the lunch for their children at the cost of 35 won with the proposed new school lunch program equivalent to 40 won. 126 parents (63.63%) could not agree to have their children being the school lunch because of their financial difficulty (74 parents 58.72%). The rest of parents (52 parents 41.28%) raised other reasons which were minor problems. Among the tatal of 383 parents, 309 parents (80.68%) would agree to gave school lunch for their children if the cost of the proposed new school lunch program would be 35 won to 40 won and if minor problems concerning the school lunch program are solved. Sixty parents (15.66% ) raised questions about the school lunch program concerning sanitary problems, taste of bread, and the quantity of lunch. Among 383 parents, 358 parents answered and 25 parents did not. When school officer asked if the parents would help during the school lunch hour, 101 parents indicated they could not help at all, but 177 parents, replied they could help. Among 177 parents, 40 parents of them could share their time from one or two hours everyday except Saturday and 107 parents could serve 1 to 3 days per week. Through this study, it is evident that further investigation should be done of the school lunch program which can be provided 35 won with the proposed new school lunch program. The parents participation in the school lunch program would be improved the understanding between school and parents as well as insure better nutrition and sanitation for the children.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권7호
• /
• pp.1038-1047
• /
• 2008

This study aimed at targeting fixed increases in body weight (100 g/wk) by quantitatively regulating energy allowances (ME) in broiler breeders from 5 to 20 wks of age. Four energy regimes were tested: 1. The energy required for maintenance, activity and growth was calculated for 100 g increases in body weight/wk and a measured quantity of grower diet (160 g protein and 2,600 kcal ME/kg) was offered to the control group (ME-100) to achieve the anticipated weight gain. The energy allowances increased with age from 132 to 294 kcal/d. 2. Additionally, three energy regimes were considered, quantitatively reducing ME by 10% (ME-90) or 20% (ME-80) and increasing by10% (ME-110) over the control group. Each test group had 23 replicates5 female chicks housed in cages. The influence of energy regimes and age on growth, nutrient digestibility, carcass attributes, bone parameters and stress was evaluated at 4 wk intervals. Quantitative ME restriction by 10% (119-265 kcal/d) produced an average weight gain of 98.1 g/wk, which was closer to the targeted increase of 100 g/wk, whereas the control group attained it nine days earlier. Restriction of energy by 10 or 20% produced better conversion efficiency of feed, energy and protein and apparent digestibility of protein, Ca and P than 10% excess ME. Energy regimes did not influence eviscerated meat yield, but higher energy allowances (ME-110) significantly increased abdominal fat pad and liver weights and decreased giblet weight, percent muscle protein and tibia ash. Relatively higher stress was recorded in ME-restricted groups, as reflected by wider heterophil and lymphocyte ratios and increased bursa weight. Early age (5-12 wk) significantly influenced bone mineralization, conversion efficiency of feed, energy and protein and apparent digestibility of protein, Ca and P, while later ages (13-20 wk) increased eviscerated meat yield, abdominal fat, tibia weight and muscle protein and reduced stress. Energy regime x age interactions were significant and are discussed. In conclusion, the synthetic broiler line used in our study responded positively to controlled energy feeding during the rearing period. Breeders offered 119-265 kcal/d, a reduction of 10% energy over the control group, were more effective in regulating grower performance than the latter. In addition to energy regimes, age intervals also exhibited significant influence on specific parameters during the grower phase.