• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.203-208
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• 1991

Body weight gain in the niadn deficient group of quail was markedly lowered as compared to that of the control group, but heart, kidney and liver weight were slighdy reduced reladve to the body weight. Nicotinic acid deficiency resulted in the significant increase of serum glucose level but the serum cholesterol, albumin and total protein levels were not affected to any extent. Glutamic oxaloacetate iransaminase and glutamic pyruvate transaminase activities were significandy enhanced but alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase activities were not influenced. Tryptophan and tyrosine levels were remarkably reduced and a similar observation was also made with aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine plus serine. However, the levels of basic amino acids such as arginine, histidine and lysine plus branched chain amino acids such as isoleucine, leucine and valine were not affected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.511-516
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical efforts of old antler extracts on the enzyme activities in serum of galactosamine (GaIN)-induced rats. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing the average of 110$\pm$10g were divided into four groups and each group was fed either AIN-76 diet or modified AIN-76 diet with old antler extracts (water extract, neutral extract, ether extract) for four weeks. CaIN (400mg/ kg of body weight) was injected to CaIN treatment groups intraperitoneally on the same day every week. CaIN treatment decreased growth performance of rats. But dietary supplementation of old antler extracts prevented this decrement. Serum aminotransferase activities were increased by CaIN treatment, but this increment was reduced by feeding the old antler extracts, and the effect of water extract was the most prominent of the old antler extracts. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum of CaIN treatment groups were higher than those of control groups and were decreased by old antler extracts supplementation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 1982

Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), latic dehydrgenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were determined in 5 Korean native cattle to obtain the base line of blood enzyme activities in relation to the stage of gestation. Serum GOT activities showed an increasing tendency with the course of gestation period, serum LDH levels were within normal range through all the stage of pregnancy, and the slight increase in serum ALP activities was acknowledged at the 2nd and 3rd stage of gestation.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

Objectives: Osteoporosis is considered a serious human disease. We developed an extract of mixed herbs containing root of Platycodon grandiflorum (ExMH-PGR), which is expected to be effective in preventing or treating osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-osteoporotic effect of ExMH-PGR in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: To examine the anti-osteoporotic effect of ExMH-PGR, osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation were induced and cultured with various concentrations of ExMH-PGR. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis, osteocalcin production, and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells were analyzed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and the formation of actin ring in RAW 264.7 cells were analyzed. Results: ExMH-PGR at concentration up to $25{\mu}g/mL$ significantly increased ALP activity, collagen synthesis, osteocalcin production, and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. ExMH-PGR at 50 to $200{\mu}g/mL$ significantly inhibited TRAP activity and the formation of actin ring in RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that ExMH-PGR stimulates osteoblastic activities and inhibits osteoclastic activities in in vitro systems, suggesting that ExMH-PGR might be considered as an anti-osteoporotic candidate for treatment of osteoporosis disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.664-670
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• 2016

Cheonggukjang (CKJ) is a Korean traditional food made of fermented soybeans. In comparison to normal intake of soybeans, Cheonggukjang has high digestibility with bioactive, antioxidant substances, and thrombolytic enzymes. Recent studies have reported anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity activities as well as inhibitory activities against osteoporosis for CKJ. In this study, we identified the effects of CKJ on osteoblast differentiation by increasing the polyglutamic acid (PGA) content of CKJ. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization significantly increased in response to treatment with both natural CKJ (CKJ A) and PGA-increased CKJ (CKJ B). However, CKJ B exhibited higher ALP activity and mineralization than CKJ A. Real-time reverse transcription PCR demonstrated that mRNA expression of osteoblastic-associated genes such as type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin in C2C12 cells was significantly up-regulated by CKJ A or B treatment. These results indicate that treatment with CKJ has an anabolic effect on bone by increasing osteoblastic differentiation and ALP activity. Increasing PGA content in CKJ had a greater effect than CKJ A on up-regulation of osteoblastic gene expression in osteoblast cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2008

Bone mass in adults decreases with age because of the imbalance between the rate of bone formation and resorption. We performed this study to investigate whether Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. (ACAE) plays a role in osteoblasts differentiation and osteoclasts formation. Ethanol extract of ACAE showed increase in the differentiation and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts. Also, it decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells (OCLs) and TRAP activity. Therefore, ACAE has the potential to prevent bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis by increasing the differentiation of osteoblasts and reducing both the number and activity of osteoclasts.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.479-490
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• 1991

포유류 배아의 착상기전을 규명할 목적의 일환으로 자궁내막조직의 탈락막 형성과 분화에 미치는 난소 스테로이드 호르몬의 영향과 인위적 자극등의 영향을 조사하였다. 가임신을 유도시킨 흰쥐와 정상임신군의 자궁내막조직을 착상부위와 비 착상부위로 분리하여 자궁내막조직의 분화에 지표가 되는 Alkaline phosphatase(ALPase)의 활성을 측정하였다. 가임신군에서 인위적 자극(trauma)을 가한 자궁이 자극을 받지않은(control) 자궁에 비해 Progesterone(P)만을, 또는 progesterone과 estradiol(E + P)을 동시 처리받은 실험군에서 ALPase 활성이 유의한 차이(p<0.01)로 높게 나타났다. 정상임신군에서는 착상시기인 임신 제6일군의 착상부위에서 I처리군과 P처리군의 ALPase활성이 비착상 부위에 비해 유의한 차이(P < 0.05)로 크게 나타나며, 특히 임신 제6일군에서는 착상, 비착상 부위의 P처리군의 활성이 Intact군보다 유의하게(P<0.05) 높아졌다. 정상임신 제 9일 Intact군의 ALPase활성은 임신 제3일, 6일의 Intact 군의 활성에 비하여 착상(3, 6일 :P<0.01), 비 착상부위 (3일 :P<0.05, 6일 :P<0.02)에서 다같이 유의한 차이로 높아졌다. 본 연구결과에서 배아가 분화, 발생해 감에따라 자궁내막조직 분화도 활발해지고, 착상부위 분화는 착상시기부터 현저해지며, 특히 P호르몬의 영향이 크다는 것과 배아 아닌 인위적 자극으로도 탈락막 형성 유도가 가능하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.55-68
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• 1982

The present investigation has been undertaken to understand the mechanism of implantation process, by demonstrating the role of ovarian steroids in connection with phosphatase activity in the differentiation of uterine endometrium for implantation. The results obtained are as followings: The differentiation of the uterine endometrial tissue was closely influenced by the ovarian steroid hormones; at first, 17${\beta}$-estradiol initiated the differentiation of the uterine luminal and glandular epithelial cells, and then progesterone induced differentiation of stromal cells, and thereby two steroids maintain decidualization of the uterine tissues. We observed that the phosphatase activities seem to be dependent upon the ovarian steroids; that is the activity showed higher level in progesterone treated group than in estradiol treated one, and the highest activity was found in the group treated with both estradiol and progesterone. Acid phosphatase showed the highest activity whereas alkaline phosphatase showed the lowest in the rat uterine endometrium during early pregnancy.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.1 s.66
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• pp.155-163
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• 1998

To evaluate the effect of a static magnetic field on the bone producing potential of MC3T3-E1 cells, the alkaline phosphatase activity was measured after the cells having been cultured under 76.4mT static magnetic field using a $SmCo_5$ magnets for 5days, 7days, 11days, 15days and 21days for each cell culture group. Also, the amount of bone nodule stained with Alizarin red S was observed. The results were as follows . The alkaline phosphatase activity of the 7, 11, and 15 days group among the experimental groups was decreased as compared with the control groups, and the decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity in the 11 days group was the most evident among them. . Any stained bone nodules of both groups had not been observed until the 11th day. The stained bone nodules in the control groups were found on the 15th day, but not in the experimental groups. The stained bone nodules were observed in both groups on the 21st day, but the control groups have more bone nodules than the experimental groups.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 1999

The mutagenicity, antimutagenicity, and cytotoxicity of the hot water extracts of 130 medicinal plants were examined. The results obtained using authentic alkaline phosphatase activity as the growth representative of the indicator cell, E. coli PQ37, demonstrated that the extracts of 14 medicinal plants including, Forsythia koreana Nakai, showed strong toxic effect on the cell growth, however, the extracts of 22 medicinal plants, including Phlomis umbrosa Turcz., were shown to have stimulatory effect on the cell growth. The mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of the medicinal plants were screened using SOS chromotest. The mutagenic activity was detected from 36 kinds of the samples, including Forsythia koreana Nakai and Coptis japonica Nakai. On the contrary, 12 medicinal plants, including Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, were shown to have a significant antimutagenic activity.