• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 보통 포틀랜드시멘트를 사용한 콘크리트와 광물질 혼화재료 및 알칼리활성화제를 첨가한 4종류의 배합으로 시편을 제작한 후 X선 회절분석, 미세구조분석, 압축강도, 동결융해저항성 및 SEM Image 분석을 실시하여 각 배합별 강도발현, 상대동탄성계수, 중량변화 등을 측정하여 기초물성 평가를 진행하였다. 페로니켈슬래그 혼입 삼성분계 시멘트는 보통포틀랜드 시멘트 배합(OPC)과 비슷한 수화물을 생성하는 경향을 보였으며, MgO 성분으로 인한 팽창성 수화물은 확인되지 않았다. 페로니켈슬래그를 혼입 시 3성분계 시멘트(30SP20FN)의 경우 OPC와 비교 시 공극률이 커지는 경향을 보였지만, 알칼리활성화제를 첨가할 경우 공극 분포가 변화하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 알칼리활성화제의 첨가는 30SP20FN의 장기강도발현을 앞당기는 효과를 보였으며, 18~26 % 가량 강도가 증가함을 확인하였다. 30SP20FN의 경우 dilution effect로 인한 낮은 수화도의 영향으로 동결융해저항성이 떨어졌지만, 알칼리활성화제를 첨가할 경우 높은 상대동탄성계수를 유지하였으며, 동결융해 저항성이 우수한 것을 알 수 있었는데, 이는 변화된 공극 분포 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서 실시한 상대동탄성계수 측정 실험에 사용된 콘크리트 시편 모두 300 사이클에서 상대동탄성계수가 60 % 이상으로 우수한 동결융해 저항성을 나타내었다. 동결융해 작용을 받은 콘크리트의 미세구조를 분석한 결과, OPC 및 30SP20FN 콘크리트의 경우 비정질의 수화물이 서로 결합되어 있지 않고, 미세 균열이 발생함을 확인한 반면, 알칼리 활성화제를 혼입한 배합의 경우 균질한 내부 구조를 유지하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.385-393
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• 1995

Akali-resistant porous glass was prepared by phase separation in Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 system containing ZrO2 and MgO. ZrO2 was added for alkali-resistance and MgO for anti-cracking during leaching. Optimal content of ZrO2 for alkali-resistance was 7wt% and devitrification by heat treatment resulted from further addition. Pore size and pore volume were decreased and specific surface area was increased with ZrO2 addition due to depression in phase separation. Addition of 3mol% MgO to mother glass containing 7wt% ZrO2 was effective for anti-crack during leaching. In this case, with phase separation at 55$0^{\circ}C$ and 5$25^{\circ}C$ for 20 hrs. crack-free porous glasses could be prepared. The relation between pore size r and heat treatment time t at 55$0^{\circ}C$ was D=25.58＋18.16t. According to measurement of gas permeability, the mechanism of gas permeation was Knudsen flow. N2 and He permeability of porous glass which was prepared by heat treatment at 55$0^{\circ}C$ for 20 hrs. were 0.843$\times$10-7mol/$m^2$.s.Pa and 2.161$\times$10-7mol/$m^2$.s.Pa respectively.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 고로슬래그의 치환율이 80% 이상에 이르는 슬래그 대량 치환 콘크리트(High Volume Slag Concrete, HVSC)의 개발을 목표로 압축강도, 염해 및 동결융해 저항성에 미치는 고로슬래그의 영향 및 알칼리 자극제의 효과에 대해 평가하였다. 그 결과 고로슬래그 미분말의 치환율 증가에 따른 압축강도 발현특성은 초기 및 장기의 모든 재령에서 감소하였으며 염해 및 동결융해 저항성은 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 알칼리 자극제의 첨가에 따른 초기강도 발현특성은 현저히 개선되었으며 염해 및 동결융해 저항성 향상에 기여하는 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.289-299
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• 2014

Alkali-activated slag concretes are being extensively researched because of its potential sustainability-related benefits. For such concretes to be implemented in large scale concrete applications such as infrastructural and building elements, it is essential to understand its early and long-term performance characteristics vis-a'-vis conventional ordinary portland cement (OPC) based concretes. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the property and performance features including early-age isothermal calorimetric response, compressive strength development with time, microstructural features such as the pore volume and representative pore size, and accelerated chloride transport resistance of OPC and alkali-activated binder systems. Slag mixtures activated using sodium silicate solution ($SiO_2$-to-$Na_2O$ ratio or $M_s$ of 1-2) to provide a total alkalinity of 0.05 ($Na_2O$-to-binder ratio) are compared with OPC mixtures with and without partial cement replacement with Class F fly ash (20 % by mass) or silica fume (6 % by mass). Major similarities are noted between these binder systems for: (1) calorimetric response with respect to the presence of features even though the locations and peaks vary based on $M_s$, (2) compressive strength and its development, (3) total porosity and pore size, and (4) rapid chloride permeability and non-steady state migration coefficients. Moreover, electrical impedance based circuit models are used to bring out the microstructural features (resistance of the connected pores, and capacitances of the solid phase and pore-solid interface) that are similar in conventional OPC and alkali-activated slag concretes. This study thus demonstrates that performance-equivalent alkali-activated slag systems that are more sustainable from energy and environmental standpoints can be proportioned.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2012

This study is interested in identifying the effectiveness of alkali-activated fire protection material compounds including the alkali-activator such as potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate and fly ash as the fire resistant finishing materials. Also, this paper is concerned with change in compressive strength and pore structure of the alkali-activated fire protection material at high temperatures. The testing methods of fire protection materials in high temperature properties are make use of TG-DSC and mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements. This study results show that compressive strength is rapidly degraded depending on a rise of heating temperature. Porosity showed a tendency to increase irrespective of specimen types. This is due to both the outbreak of collapse of gel comprising the cement and a micro crack by heating. However, alkali-activated fire protection material composed of potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate and fly ash has the thermal stability of the slight decrease of compressive strength and porosity at high temperature. These thermal stability is caused by the ceramic binding capacity induced by alkali activation reaction by the reason of the thermal analysis result not showing the decomposition of calcium hydrate.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2005

In order to improve resistant properties of water-borne acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives(PSAs) for automobiles, this study was carried out. Removable PSAs for automobiles were synthesized by emulsion polymerization of monomers, n-butyl acrylate(BA), n-butyl methacrylate(BMA), acrylonitrile(AN), acrylic acid(AA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(2-HEMA), and AA and 2-HEMA could act as functional monomers for crosslink. Emulsion polymerization was carried out in a semi-batch type reactor. Water resistance, heat resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance and smoke resistance were examined. As a result, water resistance increased with the amount of BMA, however, the effect of BMA content on the water resistance was insignificant at a range of over 14 wt%. The water resistance also increased with the amount of functional monomers, AA and 2-HEMA. The prepared PSAs satisfied all the standard for automobiles except heat resistance. However, the heat resistance comes nearly up to the standard. Also, acid resistance, alkali resistance and smoke resistance of the prepared PSAs satisfied with the standard.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2017

Many rivers and seas have been affected by environmental contamination. Therefore, city water supplies often require a high-degree purification treatment to provide safe drinking water. However, in order to achieve a high-degree purification treatment, a large amount of chlorine has to be added to sterilize city drinking water. The added chlorine reacts chemically with water and forms hypochlorous and chlorine ions. The hypochlorous ionizes with hypochlorous ions and hydrogen ions. As a result, the city water contains a large amount of chlorine ion. As such, when city water is used with domestic boilers, many kinds of heat exchangers, and the engines of vehicle and ships, there are often corrosion problems. In this study, alkali water was electrochemically made by electrolysis of city water, and corrosion properties between alkali and city water were investigated with an electrochemical method. Most of the chlorine ions are thought to not be contained in the alkali water because the alkali water is created in the cathodic chamber with an electrolysis process. In other words, the chlorine ion can be mostly removed by its migration from a cathodic chamber to an anodic chamber. Moreover, the alkali water also contains a large amount of hydroxide ion. The alkali water indicated relatively good corrosion resistance compared to the city water and the city water exhibited a local corrosion pattern due to the chlorine ion created by a high-degree purification treatment. In contrast, the alkali water showed a general corrosion pattern. Consequently, alkali water can be used with cooling water to inhibit local corrosion by chlorine ions in domestic boilers, various heat exchangers and the engine of ships and for structural steel in a marine structure.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.421-421
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• 2008

Generally, the polymer thick-film resistors for embedded organic or hybrid substrate are patterned by screen printing so that the accuracy of resistor pattern is not good and the tolerance of resistance is too high(${\pm}$20~30%). To reform these demerits, a method using Fodel$^{(R)}$ technology, which is the patterning method using a photosensitive resin to be developable by aqueous alkali-solution as a base polymer for thick-film pastes, was recently incorporated for the patterning of thermosetting thick-film resistor paste. Alkali-solution developable photosensitive resin system has a merit that the precise patterns can be obtained by UV exposure and aqueous development, so the essential point is to get the composition similar to PSR(photo solder resist) used for PCB process. In present research, we made the photopatternable resistor pastes using 8 kinds of epoxy acrylates and a conductive carbonblack (CDX-7055 Ultra), evaluated their developing performance, and then measured the resistance after final curing. To become developable by alkali-solution, epoxy acrylate oligomers with carboxyl group were prepared. Test coupons were fabricated by patterning copper foil on FR-4 CCL board, plating Ni/Au on the patterned copper electrode, applying the resistor paste on the board, exposing the applied paste to UV through Cr mask with resistor patterns, developing the exposed paste with aqueous alkali-solution (1wt% $Na_2CO_3$), drying the patterned paste at $80^{\circ}C$ oven, and then curing it at $200^{\circ}C$ during 1 hour. As a result, some test compositions couldn't be developed according to the kind of oligomer and, in the developed compositions, the measured resistance showed different results depending on the paste compositions though they had the same amount of carbonblack.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2012

시멘트를 생산할 때 발생하는 이산화탄소로 인하여 콘크리트를 활용하는 건설산업의 친환경성이 문제시 되어가고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 석회석미분말로 시멘트를 대체하는 기술의 기초연구로서 석회석미분말을 함유한 콘크리트의 내구특성에 관하여 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 실험변수는 석회석미분말의 시멘트 치환률을 0%에서 25%까지 5%씩 중가하였으며 동결융해 저항성, 제설염 저항성 및 알칼리-실리카반응 저항성 등의 내구특성과 기초적인 경화특성 등을 분석하였다. 석회석미분말의 사용으로 인한 동결융해저항성, 제설제염 저항성 등의 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 나타났으며 또한 알카리-실리카반응성의 억제를 위하여도 긍정적으로 검토될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2011년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.205-206
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• 2011

이노가닉 폴리머 콘크리트는 비소성 알카리 활성화 콘크리트의 일종으로 여러 가지 우수한 성능을 가지고 있으며, 그 중에서도 고온에서의 열적특성이 우수한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 따라, 이노가닉 폴리머 콘크리트를 이용한 경량패널을 제조하여, 소형가열로 내화시험을 측정한 결과 3시간 가열후 이면상승온도가 평균 82℃ 이하로 확인되어 공동주택의 내화벽체로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.