• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.96-100
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• 2005

The bleaching is one of the worst factors which leads to the damage of the human hair. The cuticle of the human hair is injured by the alkali that is one of the chief ingredients of a bleaching agent. The alkali component of the bleaching solution chemically reacts with human hair, reducing the tenacity and dissolving the cuticle layer. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of bleaching time and temperature on the physical properties and morphology. The results were as follows. 1. The stress-strain curves for human hair indicated the three distinct regions, such as Hookean region, Yield region and post-Yield region. The tenacity of hair is reduced gradually with an increase of bleaching time. Under these same conditions, elongation of the hair increased. 2. The greatest drop in tenacity for hair occured between $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ of bleaching temperature. 3. Compared with the virgin hair, bleached hair showed a slower rate of weight reduction in the TGA thermogram. The rate decreased gradually as the bleaching time and temperature increased. 4. As the bleaching conditions reached time and temperature extremes, the human hair cuticle became more damaged. The cuticle layers seemed to have dissolved, as seen in the SEM photographs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.196-197
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• 2013

This study is the experiment for manufacturing the Lightweight non-cement matrix based on the Blast furnace slag. And, the matrix was manufactured matrix by generating the bubble just by the reaction of KOH that is the alkali accelerator and paper ash, instead of the general foaming agent, that is the waste managed of incineration the pulp sludge generated in the process of manufacturing the paper. Consequently, the density according to the addition rate of KOH represented the tendency to increase. And it showed up that density of the matrix adding KOH 22.5% was the lowest. As to the strength test result, strength following addition rate of KOH increased. Since the bubble is generated in the reaction of KOH and paper ash, this shows the very low intensity but it is determined to be the result that the amount of vacant space is decreased because the bubble generated in the mixture process comes up as the specific gravity difference.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2000

The effects of alkali salts adding on the cooking quality improving in dried noodles were investigated in the good texture maintaining for preventing solid soluble losses ,through chemical analysis and actual manufacturing practice ,the following results were obtained. Experiments were took a special flour of ASW:DNS=70:30, thickening agent(TA) composed of K2CO3 58%, Na2CO3 36% and Na4P2076%, and emulsified oil(EO) mixing of corn oil 44%, polysorbate 23%, emulsifier(ester of glycerin and fatty acids) 21%, soy lecithin 12%. When the mixing ratio of TA and EO to flour, is 0.03 and 1.5%(w/w) or morel than, satisfied the good quality. The water soluble solid matters content of the lowest 3.2% in the treating group that TA and EO is 0.03 and 1.5%(w/w) respectively, comparing to the 7.3% in the control group provides a excellent cooking quality. The research achieves the similar effects at specific gravity, water absorption ratio, weight increasing rate and volume expansion ratio. According to appearance test the more treating of TA turn the noodle into deeper yellow-green color. Turning to the deeper yellow color according to the increasing of EO provides better

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2011

The cement industry is expected to face a major set-back in the near future due to its large energy consumption and $CO_2$ production, causing global warming. In order to overcome these environmental problems, this research has bee carried out to find a cement substitute material. One possible cement substitute material is Zeolite cement. In this study, the materialistic characteristics of Zeolite cement mortar were evaluated. Natural Zeolite cement mortar was prepared using alkali activation (NaOH) instead of water ($H_2O$) to determine achievable strength and appropriate mixing ratio. Based on the mixing ratio, functional material was added to alkali active agent to harden Zeolite mortar to develop a highly functional construction material. The study result showed that pure Zeolite cement mortar achieved compressive strength of 42 MPa in 7 days depending on the mixing amount of alkaline catalyst and the hardening temperature, showing high efficiency and possibility as a new construction material.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.133-139
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• 2000

Poly(ethylene glycol) with number-average molecular weight (M$_{n}$) of 200 (PEG 200) or 400 (PEG 400) was reacted with various linking agents (CH$_2$Cl$_2$, CH$_2$Br$_2$, CH$_2$I$_2$, Br(CH$_2$)$_3$Br) in the presence of alkali to form of oxyalkylene linked chains. Molecular weights of copolymers were controlled using feed mole ratio of alkali/CH$_2$C1$_2$/PEG. The M$_{n}$ of the polymers measured by end group analysis and that measured by GPC agreed well. Molecuglar weights of polyether copolymers obtained from PEG 200 and PEG 400 were about 500~8500 and 1000~2000, respectively. Polyether copolymers prepared from PEG 400 showed melting points of around 1$0^{\circ}C$. Glass transition temperatures of the copolymers were around -75$^{\circ}C$ and the crystallinity was about 0~25%. The polyether copolymers prepared from PEG 200 had no crystallinity below the M$_{n}$ of 2500. 2500.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 2014

This experimental study considers manufacturing method of the non-portland cement matrix for the light-weight building materials using blast furnace slag, paper ash, fly ash and polysilicon sludge the industrial by-product. For the experiment, we used paper ash by means of the foaming agent and alkali activator to make non-portland cement light-weight matrix. Various specimens were prepared with different types and addition ratios of the alkali activator. Then, the properties of these specimens were investigated by compressive strength test, bulk specific gravity. As a results, it was judged that experiment results of non-portland cement matrix with specific waste resources and alkali activators were useful as basic data for mixtures design and evaluation properties of lightweight non-portland cement building material.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.618-623
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• 2015

FK506 binding protein 12 (FK506BP) is a small peptide with a single FK506BP domain that is involved in suppression of immune response and reactive oxygen species. FK506BP has emerged as a potential drug target for several inflammatory diseases. Here, we examined the protective effects of directly applied cell permeable FK506BP (PEP-1-FK506BP) on corneal alkali burn injury (CAI). In the cornea, there was a significant decrease in the number of cells expressing pro-inflammation, apoptotic, and angiogenic factors such as TNF-α, COX-2, and VEGF. Both corneal opacity and corneal neovascularization (CNV) were significantly decreased in the PEP-1-FK506BP treated group. Our results showed that PEP-1-FK506BP can significantly inhibit alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation in rats, possibly by accelerating corneal wound healing and by reducing the production of angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that PEP-1-FK506BP may be a potential therapeutic agent for CAI.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.327-331
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• 2010

Porcine placenta was treated with alkali, acid and enzyme treatment to obtain extracts. Heavy metal contents such as Pb, As, and Hg were low enough to satisfy cosmetic agent standard. As a result of safety test(MTT assay), porcine placenta extracts showed over 80% of cell viability at $50{\mu}g/ml$, and cell toxicity was relatively lower. From antioxidation test using DPPH free radical scavenging assay, antioxidation effect was highest as 63% at $50{\mu}g/ml$ when porcine placenta was treated with alkali in pH 9. From whitening effect test using tyrosinase inhibition assay, tyrosinase inhibition effect was 30% at $50{\mu}g/ml$ concentration in alkali treated procine placenta, however, the efficiency was lower compared with arbutin or vitamin C. In anti-wrinkle effect test from elastase inhibition assay, elastase inhibition effects were 20~30% at $50{\mu}g/ml$ for 5 kinds of porcine placenta treatments, which was superior to standard, and especially, protease treated extracts showed best results. Skin formulation including 1% porcine placenta was made and the formulation was very stable for temperature and storage period. From this research, porcine placenta extract showed high potential for anti-wrinkle functional cosmetic agent.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.139-147
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• 2022

In this study, we designed a high-strength, low-alkali type cement composite for artificial reef by mixing various binders and evaluated whether it is possible to manufacture it with an ME method 3D printer. As a result of the tests, it is found that it is important to control the water-binder ratio, the silica sand-binder ratio, and the type of silica sand in order to control the fluidity of the cement composites to enable 3D printing. The surface quality of 3D printer output can be achieved by adjusting the amount of viscosity agent added while obtaining printable fluidity. In the cement composites mixing proportion using the alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum, a setting control agent needs to be used to control the quick setting effect. It is also necessary to derive the time to maintain the fluidity, and to apply it when printing. To obtain the required strength, the mix proportion needs to be modified while satisfying the fluidity level of 3D-printable cement composites. In the present study, 3D-printable mix proportions were designed by the use of multi-component binders including alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum a for low-alkali type artificial reefs, and the printability was confirmed. A further study needs to be performed to quantitatively evaluate the alkali reduction effect.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2023

In this study, pore-filled ion exchange membranes with low membrane resistance and high hydroxide ion conductivity was developed. To improve alkali durability, a porous substrate made of polytetrafluoroethylene was used, and a copolymer was prepared using monomers 2-(dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC) for pores. divinyl benzene (DVB) was used as the cross-linker, and ion exchange membranes were prepared for each cross-linking agent content to study the effect of the cross-linker content on DMAEMA-DVB and VBC-DMAEMA-DVB copolymers. As a result, chemical stability is improved by using a PTFE material substrate, and productivity can be increased by enabling fast photo polymerization at a low temperature by using a low-pressure UV lamp. To confirm the physical and chemical stability of the ion exchange membrane required for an anion exchange membrane fuel cell, tensile strength, and alkali resistance tests were conducted. As a result, as the cross-linking degree increased, the tensile strength increased by approximately 40 MPa, and finally, through the silver conductivity and alkali resistance tests, it was confirmed that the alkaline stability increased as the cross-linking agent increased.