• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2003

White snakeroot (Ageratina altissima (L.) R. King & H. Robinson) as an invasive alien plant appeared more abundantly at lower elevations where frequent artificial interferences prevailed than at higher elevations where such impacts were less. They appeared abundantly in introduced forests such as black locust plantation but they did not appear or were rare in natural forests such as oak forest. But an exceptional phenomenon where white snakeroot did not appear was found in a Korean pine stand with dense cover afforested recently. Appearance status of white snakeroot in each section of trampling path depended on breadth of the path and relative light intensity. Growth of white snakeroot measured as the number of ramet per genet, height, and biomass was better near the trampling path and was reduced toward the forest interior. The growth was proportionate to the relative light intensity measured according to distance from the trampling path. Such results support the fact generally known in relation invasion and expansion of the invasive alien plants. From this viewpoint, we suggest a management plan that applies ecological restoration principles to address ecosystems infected with white snakeroot by restoring the integral feature of the degraded nature and more thoroughly conserving the remaining nature.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.136-159
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of six islands belonging to the Gogunsan Archipelago (i.e., Sinsi-do, Seonyu-do, Munyeo-do, Yami-do, Bian-do, and Duri-do) in the Korean Peninsula. As results of five field surveys from March to October of 2016, we have identified 575 total taxa, representing 527 species, five subspecies, 42 varieties, and one hybrid, placed in 358 genera and 118 families. Of these 575 taxa, four are endemic to Korea, six taxa are listed on the Korean Red List of threatened species, 67 are floristic regional indicator plants, and 74 are invasive alien species. In this study, we compared species richness among the islands, and find that the larger the islands, the higher the species richness. In the case of habitat affinity types, forest species were most common, followed by farmland, seacoast, bare ground and wetland species. From similarity analyses based on the composition of vascular plants, each island did not exhibit either local specificity or unique diversity. On the contrary, the proportion of invasive alien and ruderal species may increase by human activities. Investigations and analyses of island flora such as this are important to assess the current status of the flora, predict future vegetation patterns and the spread of the alien species, and establish managment plans of plant diversity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

This study was conducted to develop an environmental index for assessing the vulnerability of areas with invasive alien plants. To that end, "Regional Vulnerability Numerical Index" (RVNI) was developed with a spatial statistical technique and applied to Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area first. The results are as follows. First, RVNI was high in stream areas. Second, RVNI was lowest in mountain areas. It indicates that stream areas are vulnerable to invasive alien plants. In terms of regions, Guri City is most vulnerable and Gapyeong-gun is the least vulnerable. To expand and manage the invasive alien plants, a control protocol should be developed by considering the physiology and ecology by invasive alien plant. Also, related policies should be pursued based on the results. Thus, the findings of this study can be used as baseline data for setting policies for invasive alien species management.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2015

Biological invasion of alien plants is considered to be one of the most serious threats to biodiversity in riparian zones. The effects of two invasive alien plants, Sicyos angulatus and Paspalum distichum var. indutum, on the flora and community structure of the riparian vegetation were investigated at 22 sites at streams in Korea. Sicyos angulatus has invaded the central Korean Peninsula. This alien plant has caused problems to stream managers because of its aggressive vining growth. It had suppressed native vegetation such as trees, shrubs and tall grasses on bank slope and higher floodplains. Paspalum distichum var. indutum has become more widespread in the southern part of Korea. This invasive plant has shallow rhizomes and creeping, extensively branched stolons. It forms a dense mat over lotic or slowly-flowing water and threatens submerged and short emergent hydrophytes. In order to control the introduction and expansion of alien plants, limitation of artificial disturbances and appropriate alien plant management are needed in riparian areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.44-58
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• 2022

Bunhwangsa Temple, Baekryulsa Temple and Sambulsa Temple are not famous cultural heritage area, but they are visited by many tourists and are located in Gyeongju National Park and Gyeongju Historic Areas, so environmental and cultural preservations are required. The purpose of this study is to manage the unique environment and landscape of cultural assets by analysing the invasive alien plant of traditional temple of Gyeongju. The whole flora were summarized as 188 taxa including 73 families, 136 genera, 154 species, 3 subspecies, 11 varieties, 4 forms, 5 hybrids and 12 cultivars., and the landscape plants were 163 taxa and 38 taxa of the invasive alien plants. The 13 taxa of invasive alien plants were planted in three temples. The ecosystem disturbance species were 3 taxa including Rumex acetosella, Lactuca seriola and Symphyotrichum pilosum. Invasive alien plants have artificial causes such as landscape planting, but there are also those that are introduced naturally from outside. The parking lot of the temple is expected to be a major propagation path for invasive alien plants due to the large amount of interference and disturbance. Based on the results of this study, the management plans are suggested as follows. First, it is necessary to use native species suitable for the natural environment and traditional landscape of Korea for landscape planting of traditional temples, and development of planting guidelines centered on cultural properties is required. Second, it is necessary to refrain from planting invasive alien plants because traditional temples are located in an important environment and historically. Third, for the preservation of the temple environment, it is necessary to promptly remove the ecosystem disturbance species. Fourth, in order to express the landscape characteristics of traditional temples, a unique planting plan should be established in consideration of the location environment and historicity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2023

Ipomoea cristulata Hallier f. (Convolvulaceae), native to the desert regions of the central USA to Mexico, was newly found in Gojeong-ri, Deokgwa-myeon, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do. This species can be distinguished from I. coccinea by leaves with 3-5 lobes, hirsute distributed adaxially, and corolla entirely red or orange-red. Its Korean name is 'Nabi-ip-yu-hong-cho' based on its butterfly-shaped leaves. We provide a detailed description, photographs, habitat details, and a taxonomic key to related taxa.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2022

We found Urtica dioica L., an unrecorded alien plant, in the Han River basin of Korea. U. dioica is considered to be native to Europe, much of temperate Asia and western North Africa. This plant has been introduced to many other parts of the world. In Particularly, it reported as an invasive species from East Asia (Japan), Oceania and South America. This species is distinguished from related Korean taxa of the genus by its unisexual flower and dioecious plant species. In the Neighbor-Joining tree, U. dioica samples from the Han River Park (Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul) and Yangjaecheon Stream (Daechi-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul) clustered into a clade consisting of a U. dioica s.s. Here, we provide a precise description, illustrations, a key to the related taxa, and photographs of its habitat.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.539-548
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• 2022

In recent decades, the world has entered a new era in terms of the number and variety of biological invasions, due to economic progress and transportation efficiency. Biological invasion is becoming more likely as demand for foreign fresh foods and decorative goods grows. Alien species continue to infiltrate Korea in a variety of ways, and disturb on the insect fauna of Korea. The goal of plant quarantine is to decrease the economic impact of alien pests on the agriculture and forestry industries. In this study, we focused on insects found in imported cut flowers from 1996 to 2020 using pest information system. Overall, 147,160 cut flowers (159 items) were imported into Korea from 69 countries during this time period. Throughout this time, 467 species of insects were found in all imported cut flowers to Korea, total 13,757 detections. They were classified as provisional regulated pests in 273 species, quarantine managed pests in 78 species, and non-quarantine pests in 118 species. Thysanoptera and Hemiptera had the largest number of alien insect detections (more than 80% of the alien insects) among the nine orders. The outcomes of this study have highlighted the need for ongoing inspection activities targeted at preventing quarantine alien pests from entering or incursion in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2019

Two unrecorded alien plants, Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. and M. indicus (L.) All. (Leguminosae) were found in Korea. M. officinalis is native to Eurasia and widely distributed in agricultural regions throughout the world. M. indicus is native to Mediterranean and Southwestern Europe, and naturalized in temperate regions all over the world. These species are morphologically similar to M. suaveolens (Jeon-dong-ssa-ri). However, M. officinalis is distinguished from M. suaveolens by transverse nerved legumes, definite ovary stalks, and five to eight number of ovules in ovary. M. indicus is also distinguished from M. suaveolens by smaller size of flowers, broadly triangular calyx teeth, globose legumes, and minutely papillose seeds. The local name of M. officinalis and M. indicus were given as "Ju-reum-jeon-dong-ssa-ri" and "Jom-jeon-dong-ssa-ri" based on transverse nerved legumes and overall smaller size than M. suaveolens, respectively. The descriptions on morphological characters and photographs at the habitat of M. officinalis and M. indicus are provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.67-90
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to present the ecological data for conservation and management of three wetlands by surveying the vascular plants in Ganam reservoir, Ahnshim wetland and Jeomsae swamp. The whole taxa of vascular plants were 376 taxa including 90 families, 252 genera, 341 species, 7 subspecies, 24 varieties, 2 forms, 1 hybrid and 1 cultivar, and the planted species were 66 taxa including Ginkgo biloba and so on. The rare plants were 7 taxa including Euryale ferox(VU), Aristolochia contorta(LC), Koelreuteria paniculata(VU), Sagittaria trifolia(DD), Hydrocharis dubia(LC), Ottelia alismoides(LC) and Sparganium stoloniferum(VU). The Korean endemic plant was 1 taxon of Lespedeza maritima. In total, there were 21 taxa of floristic target species including 1 taxon of garde V, 2 taxa of grade IV, 6 taxa of grade III, 5 taxa of grade II and 7 taxa of grade I . The hydrophytes were 51 taxa including 36 taxa of emergent species, each 6 taxa of floating-leaved and submerged species and 3 taxa of free-floating species. The invasive alien plants were 79 taxa including 75 taxa of naturalized plants and 4 taxa of casual alien plant. The ecosystem disturbing species 6 taxa including Sicyos angulatus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Lactuca seriola, Symphyotrichum pilosum, Paspalum distichum and Humulus scandens.