• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2006

In order to improve the antiobesity effect of Kochujang, 1% of sea tangle powder, alginic acid extract, and fucoidan extract were added to Kochujang. Sea tangle powder-added Kochujang decreased leptin secretion by only 12% compared to Kochujang, whereas alginic acid or fucoidan-added Kochujang significantly decreased leptin secretion by more than 60% in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Fucoidan, one of the active components of sea tangle, decreased leptin secretion by 56%, 60%, and 60% compared to the control in the concentrations of $1{\mu}M,\;2.5{\mu}M,\;and\;5{\mu}M$, respectively. To see the effect of fucoidan on TG formation during adipocyte differentiation, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with $1{\mu}M\;and\;5{\mu}M$ concentrations of fucoidan during adipocyte differentiation (from 'day 0' to 'day 6'). Oil red O staining showed fucoidan decreased the amount of TG droplets and $5{\mu}M$ fucoidan potently inhibited TG formation. To see the effect of fucoidan on lipolysis, differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with fucoidan. The secretion of glycerol, which is used to measure lipolytic activity, was increased by 21%, 37%, and 53% compared to the control in the concentrations of $1{\mu}M,\;2.5{\mu}M,\;and\;5{\mu}M$, respectively. Oil red O staining showed fucoidan decreased TG amount at $1{\mu}M\;and\;5{\mu}M$ concentrations. These results suggest that fucoidan decreases leptin secretion and TG accumulation by inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and induction of lipolysis. Since fucoidan is reported to have various biological activities in addition to an anti-adipogenic effect, it seems valuable to develop fucoidan-added Kochujang as a multi-functional Kochujang.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 2006

The extracellular enzyme alginase produced by Bacillus licheniformis AL-577 was purified by ion chromatography on CM-Cellulose column, DEAE-Sepharose column, and followed by gel filtration on Sephadx G-100 column. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of the purified enzyme were 6.0 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was stable at the pH range of $6.0\~9.0$ and at $20^{\circ}C$. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 25,500 daltons by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. NaCl was required for high activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was inhibited by $Ba^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;NH_4^+$, EDTA, L-cysteine, and 2-mercaptoethanol, while stimulated by DTT, O-phenanthroline, $K^+$ and $Li^+$. This enzyme was proposed to be an alginase specifically degrading alginic acid.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2023

In this study, we prepared naproxen (NP) imprinted biodegradable polymer based multi-layer biomaterials using allbanggae starch (ABS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and alginic acid (SA), and investigated their physicochemical properties and the controlled drug release effects. In addition, the prepared multi-layer biomaterials were characterized by FE-SEM and FT-IR. In order to confirm the controlled drug release effect for the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS), the NP release properties of NP imprinted multi-layer biomaterials were investigated using various pH buffer solutions and artificial skin at 36.5 ℃. The results of NP release in various pH buffer solutions indicated that the NP release at high pH was about 1.3 times faster than that at low pH. In addition, NP release in multi-layer biomaterials was about 4.0 times slower than that in single-layer biomaterials. It was confirmed that the NP release rate in triple-layer biomaterials was 4.0 times slower than that in single-layer biomaterials while using artificial skin. Also, it could be found that NP in double-layer biomaterials and triple-layer biomaterials was released sustainably for 12 h. The NP release mechanism in pH buffer solutions followed the Fickian diffusion mechanism, but followed the non-Fickian diffusion mechanism with artificial skin.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.167-173
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• 2023

Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ and Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C composite with single phase monoclinic structure for the cathode materials are successfully synthesized by direct co-precipitation method using N₂H₄·H₂O as the reducing agent and alginic acid as the carbon source, and their electrochemical properties were compared. The particles with approximately 1~2 ㎛ size and the uniform spherical-like morphology of the narrow particle size distribution were obtained. In addition, the residual carbon can also improve the electrical conductivity. The Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C composite has improved initial specific discharge capacity and excellent cycle characteristics to maintain capacity stably than Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃. The results indicate that the reducing agent and carbon composite can affect the good crystallinity and electrochemical performance of the cathode materials.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.481-488
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• 2012

The anionic exchange polymer, poly(vinyl amine)(PVAm), was coated onto polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes by using 'salting-out' method. The effects of the fouling phenomena for these PVAm coated membranes were investigated using the model foulants, bovine serum albumin (BSA), humic acid (HA), and sodium alginate (SA). The surface coating and the fouling phenomena were observed by the scanning electron microscopy. And the flux was measured for each 100 ppm of above foulant aqueous solution at the operating pressure, 2, 4, 8 bar. The PVAm-coated PA membranes showed somewhat fouling improvements and the fouling reduction was shown in the order of HA > SA > BSA, particularly HA case was distinct.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.277-281
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• 1983

The chemical composition of Undaria pinnatifida Laver (U.P. Laver) were determind. 1. Proximate compositions of U.P. Laver were 22.1% crude protein, 1.3% crude fat, 10.2% crude ash, 66.4% N.F.E, 3 0% crude fiber and 22.8% alginic acid. 2. U.P. Laver protein was chiefly composed of glutamic acid (3.24%) and aspartic acid (2.22%) and considerable quantities of leucine (1.98%), alanine (1.56%), valine (1.32%), lysine (1.22%) and phenylalanine (1.15%). 3. The major fatty acid contents of the lipid extracted from U.P. Laver were linolenic acid (45.2%), palmitic acid (26.14%) and linoleic acid (11.27%) and the minor fatty acid were myristic acid (8.41%), oleic acid (8.11%), and stearic acid (0.87%), respectively. The saturated and unsaturated fatty acid ratio of the oil extracted from U.P. Laver was 35.42/64.58 4. The vitamin contents of U. P. Laver were $28.1{\mu}g/g$ niacin, $25.0{\mu}g/g$ vit. E, $18.8{\mu}g/g$ vit. C. The minerals were composed 1.52% calcium, 0.32% phosphorus, 0.88% magnesium, 0.49% potassium and the others were small quantities.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1988

In order to utilize sea mustard, Undaria pinnatifida, effectively. sea mustard jam was prepared by use of physical properties of polysaccharides, mainly alginic acid and then its chemical composition, nutritive qualifies and the stability of pigments were examined. Suitable processing condition for sea mustard jam was as fellows : as the first stage, fresh sea mustard was scalded for 20 sec at $85^{\circ}C$ and dried sea mustard was dipped for 20 min in cold water for rehydration, then both sea mustards were treated by draining and chopping. Next, after adding 4 fold of $0.5\%\;K_2HPO_4$ solution to weight of chopped sea mustards, the mixed solutions were agitated for 15 min at $95^{\circ}C$, and gelated sea mustards were filterated by pressing. Flow characteristics of those sea mustard jam were regarded mixed type having pseudoplastic type and yield stress. Judging from sensory evaluation, adding $0.375\%$ of saccharin, $2\%$ of sorbitol, $0.25\%$ of citric acid and $0.5\%$ of powder of roasted soybean to sea mustard jam were suitable for enhancing taste and flavor of product. Chemical composition of products were scarcely changed throughtout processing. Jam processed by fresh sea mustard was better than dried one in contents of chlorophyll and total carotenoid pigments. In fatty acid composition, polyenoic acids of $C_{18:3},\;C_{20:4},\;C_{20:5},\;C_{22:6}$ were held high contents as known to have lowering function of cholesterol contents. It was presumed that dominant contents in free amino acids such as lysine, alanine, glutamic acid and organic acids such as citric acid, oxalic acid, $\alpha-ketoglutaric$ acid, lactic acid and succinic acid held important role for the flavor of sea mustard jam.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.21-26
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• 2018

Soil-water characteristic curve, which is called soil retention curve, is required to explore water flows in unsaturated soils, relative permeability of water in multi-phase fluids flow, and change to stiffness and volume of soils. Thus, the understanding of soil-water characteristic curves of soils help us explore the behavior of soils inclduing fluids. Biopolymers are environmental-friendly materials, which can be completely degraded by microbes and have been believed not to affect the nature. Thus, various biopolymers such as deacetylated power, polyethylene oxide, xanthan gum, alginic acid sodium salt, and polyacrylic acid have been studies for the application to soil remediation, soil improvement, and enhanced oil recovery. PAA (polyacrylic acid) is one of biopolymers, which have shown a great effect in enhanced oil recovery as well as soil remediation because of the improvement of water-flood performance by mobility control. The study on soil-water characteristic curves of sandy soils containing PAA (polyacrylic acid) has been conducted through experimentations and theoretical models. The results show that both capillary entry pressure and residual water saturation dramatically increase according to the increased concentration of PAA (polyacrylic acid). Also, soil-water characteristic curves by theoretical models are quite well consistent with the results by experimental studies. Thus, soil-water characteristic curves of sandy soils containing biopolymers such as PAA (polyacrylic acid) can be estimated using fitting parameters for the theoretical model.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 1977

Recently, culture of Undaria pinnatifida, one of the representative esculent sea weed, has been prevailing in tile east and south coasta of Korea and reached the mass culture stage. In this study, compositional quality factors for food were studied and the contributory effects of blanching and pigment fixatives in the quality retention of cultured Undaria pinnatifida are discussed. When the place and time of harvesting were the same, cultured pinnatifida showed scarce difference in the chemical composition comparing to tile naturally grown Undaria pinnatifida, but cultured Undaria pinnatifida shelved a considerable difference depending upon the cultured places. In the chemical composition of Undaria pinnatifida, the alginic acid comprising about $40\%$ of the whole solid materials seemed to be responsible for the compositional puality. The chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the clutured Unaria pinnatifida were considerably lower than that of the naturally grown Undaria pinnatifida and wass inferior in puality by color to the naturally grown one. Dried Undaria pinnatifida contained a considerable amount of amino-N, mannitol, and soluble minerals and it is considered that these components play a great role in the relish effects. It could also be evaluated as a good albuminous source for food science the dried pinnatifida contains about $18\%$ of crude protein. In the analysis of free amino acid composition of dried Undaria pinnatifida, the naturally growm samples showed so what higher levels in all amino acid content than the cultured samples. The contents of theronine, alanine, and glutamic acid were major in quantity wherease histidine cysteine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were minor. The contents of such amino acids like serine and proline were particularly low or undetectable. The results of amino acid analysis of the acid hydrolysates of dried Undaria pinnatifida in quantity of individual amino acid showed te same pattern as that of free amino acid. It is noticed that Undaria pinnatifida seemed to contain good quality protein since the contents of essential amino acids were considerably higher and uniform. By blanching the fresh sample, the water soluble components brought about cousiderable loss, and, particularly, it was noteworthy that both mannitol and soluble minerals apparently decreased. In the pigment analysis of the dried sample, blanching was effective to retain chlorophyll and carotenoid. The addition of pigment fixatives in blanching solution such as Ca-gluconate, Ca-carbonate, and Ca-hydroxide did not exhibit much effect on the pigment retention except that Ca-carbonate shelved some effect only in the early stage of storage.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.249-254
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• 1999

The biosorption and desorption of Cd were carried out using brown marine algae, known as the good biosorbent of heavy metals. The content of alginate bound to light metals could be changed by the physical and the chemical pretreatment of Sargassum fluitans biomass. The Cd uptake was independent of the alginate content. In case of protonated biomass, Cd uptake was the lowest because the alginic acid of biomass was dissolved to cadmium solution during the biosorption. The maximum Cd uptake of Sargassum biomass was ranged from 79 mg/g to 139 mg/g. In case of raw biomass, the higher the alginate content of biomass, the higher was the Cd uptake. 100% of Cd and light metals sorbed in the biomass were eluted at 0.1N HCI(pH 1.1). However, the elution efficiency in $CaCl_2$ and $Ca{(NO_3)}_2$solution was varied by the concentration, the solid to liquid ratio and the pH of calcium solution. The distribution coefficient between Cd and protons in the desorption solution at pH ranged from 1.6 to 2.9 was observed on the constant stoichometric coefficient(1.3).