• 음성과학
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in acoustic characteristics after drinking alcoholic beverages and singing in order to establish guidelines for vocal hygiene of both singers and non-singers. 21 university students (10 males and 11 females) vocalized /a/ before drinking, after drinking and after singing. Changes in vocal range and acoustic characteristics were analyzed by Dr. Speech 4.0 (Tigers Electronics). No significant difference was observed in vocal range following drinking. However, there was statistically significant changes in vocal range after singing. We may infer that appropriate amount of singing functioning as vocal warm-up, rather than drinking alone, resulted in improvement in their abilities to lengthen vocal folds. This is directly related to the ability to produce high-pitched sounds. Changes in jitter in female voices after singing was the only acoustic factor that was significant. Changes in Shimmer and NNE was not significant either after drinking nor singing. Subjects who were judged to perform better in singing were marked by minimum acoustic changes, which may due to their well-trained vocal fold function. The results of this study may address the necessity for vocal function exercises for the patients with neurogenic voice disorders including dysarthria. The need for more extensive research with a larger number of subjects including professional voice users is also addressed.

• 정신간호학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.114-123
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate associations of spiritual well-being, attitude toward death, and quality of life among Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive in design. The data was collected from August to September 2018 with 133 AA members drawn from two provinces of South Korea. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA with Turkey tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: The existential spiritual well-being (β=.52, p<.001), attitude toward death (β=.24, p<.001), dual diagnosis (β=-.17, p=.003), occupation (β=.12, p=.035) of the participants were significant factors, which explained 63.7% of the variance of quality of life. Conclusion: The study findings highlight the need to develop psychological nursing strategies to enhance the spiritual well-being and improve a positive attitude toward death based on the job and dual diagnosis among AA members to improve their better quality of life.

• 우울조울병
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.128-136
• /
• 2014

Objectives : This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their related factors among a group of medical students. Method : A total of 874 (529 male and 345 female) medical students were randomly selected to participate in a survey. Depressive symptoms, satisfaction with life, health behavior including alcohol use, stress, sleep disturbance and happiness were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Results : The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 10.8%. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, lower satisfaction of life, daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness, history of suicidal attempt, stress, sleep disturbance were found to be significant relating factors of depressive symptoms. In moderated regression analysis, the result showed that the impact of life stress were moderated by satisfaction of life on depressive symptoms, but the moderating effect of happiness was not significant. Conclusion : This study showed considerably high prevalence of depressive symptoms and BDI score in medical students. The findings suggest that early detection of depressive symptoms and intensive mental health promotion program is needed in order to improve medical student's mental health status.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the satisfaction levels and mental health among North Korean defectors over two years. Methods : At the beginning of the study, the subjects were comprised of 300 North Korean defectors registered with a regional adaptation center (the Hana Center) in South Korea. Participants reported self-questionnaires including socio-demographic variables and self-rating scales for satisfaction levels, depression symptoms, trauma-related symptoms, resilience and alcohol use behavior. In the follow up study after two years, 189 North Korean defectors participated in an online survey, responding to the same questionnaires as at baseline. Results : The self-rated scores for satisfaction with one's overall life (p=0.008), sense of autonomy (p=0.001), sense of physical health (p<0.001), and expected life satisfaction five years later (p<0.001) had all decreased significantly at follow-up after two years. Depression symptoms (p<0.01) and trauma-related symptoms (p<0.001) increased significantly over two years, and the resilience score (p<0.01) decreased significantly during the same period. No significant differences in alcohol use behavior (p=0.059) were observed at follow-up. Conclusion : Satisfaction levels among North Korean defectors gradually decreased over the follow-up period, and this may be due to the difficulties encountered in the process of assimilating to daily life in South Korea. Economic, medical, and psychological support is needed for successful assimilation of North Korean defectors.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.103-128
• /
• 1997

The object of this study is to evaluate the possibility of chemical-induced liver disorder among workers exposed to various chemicals and to classify the the liver function abnormalities by causes and to analyse the risk factors for each liver disorders. A cross-sectional study including questionnaire survey, physical examination, laboratory tests and ultrasonography of liver was conducted on 1,126 workers, 459 workers in a coal chemical plant(company A) and 667 workers in an insulation material manufacturing factory(company B). An industrial hygienist reviewed the chemicals used in both companies and evaluated the work environments to classify the workers by chemical exposure semiquantitatively. The results are as follows: 1. Of 459 workers in company A, 83 workers(18.1%) are classified as nonexposed, group 163(35,5%) as short-term exposure group, 155(33.8%) as intermediately exposed group and 58(12.6%) as long-term exposed group bared on the mean daily exposure to hepatotoxic chemicals evaluated by an industrial hygienist. Of 667 workers in company B, 484(72.6%) workers were classified as nonexposed and 183(35.5%) as exposed group. 2. Workers with SGOT level higher than 40 IU/l were (10.0%) in company A and 77(11.5%) in company 3, and those with SGPT level higher than 35 IU/l were 118(25.7%) in company A and 198(29.7%) in company B. The differences were not significant between companies and between exposure groups(p>0.05). Workers with $\gamma-GT$ level higher than 62 IU/l were 29(6.3%) in company A and 77(11.5%) in company B (p<0.01). The difference between exposure groups was not significant(p>0.05) within companies. Workers with liver function abnormalities(defined as SGOT higher than 40 IU/l or SGPT higher than 35 IU/l) were 338(30.0%) among 1,126 workers. Of 338 workers with live. function abnormalities 139(12.3%) had fatty liver by ultrasonography, 79(7.0%) had alcoholic liver(defined as workers with liver function abnormalities with weekly alcohol consumption greater than 280 g for more than 5 years), 54(4.8%) had hepatitis B, 12(1.1%) had hepatitis C and the other 114(33.7%) was not otherwise classified. Prevalences of alcoholic liver and fatty liver were significantly lower in company A(prevalence ratio 0.24 for alcoholic liver, p<0.001, prevalence ratio 0.76 for fatty liver, p<0.05) but prevalences of liver disorders between exposure groups within companies were not significant(p>0.05). 3. Summary prevalence ratios(SPR) of live. function abnormalities, fatty live. and other liver disorders, adjusted by age and company were not significantly higher in exposed group in any chemicals(p>0.05) but in some chemicals, SPRs were significantly lower. 4. On simple analysis of risk factors for liver function abnormalities, prevalence odds ratio(POR) of those with age between 30 and 39 was 1.54(p<0.01) and those with age ever 40 was 1.51(p<0.01). POR of those with histories of liver disorders and general anesthesia was 1.77(p<0.001) and 4.02 for those with overweight and 6.23 for those with obesity, defined by body mass index(p<0.001). 5. On logistic regression analysis, risk factors of liver function abnormality were fatty liver(POR 2.92 for grade 1, 12.15 for grade 2), presence of hepatitis B surface antigen(POR 3.62) and obesity(POR 5.38 for overweight and 16.52 for obesity). Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen(POR 0.18) was the only preventive facto. of fatty live. Company(POR 0.30) and obesity(POR 2.49 for overweight, 4.52 for obesity) were related to the alcoholic live. Obesity(POR 2.94 for overweight) was the only significant risk factor of hepatitis B and there was no significant risk factor for liver function abnormality not otherwise classified. It is concluded that the evidence of liver disorder related with chemical exposure is not evident in these factories. It is also postulated that fatty liver and alcoholic liver is most common causes of liver function abnormalities among workers and effort for weight control and improvement of life style should be done.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.87-102
• /
• 1999

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 한국 일반인구에서 식사 장애에 대한 고위험 남성 군(high risk male group for the eating disorders)의 유병율을 알아보고 이들의 인구학적 특징, 식사 행동과 연관된 특정 및 일반 정신 병리에 있어 특징을 알아 보는데 있다. 대상 및 방법 : 한국 일반 인구를 대상으로 한국판 식사 태도 경사(the Korean version of Eating Attitude Test-26 : KEAT-26)상 절단점 이상의 고득점을 보인 남성 군 52명을 최종 대상으로 여성 고득점군 208명과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과 : 1) KEAT-26상 절단점 21 점 이상을 보였던 대상은 총 260/3062(8.5%)로 이중 남성이 52/260(20.0%), 여성이 208/260(80.0%) 이었으며(남성 대 여성의 비율 1 : 4) 전체 연구에 대한 비율은 남성이 52/3062(1.7%), 여성이 208/3062(6.8%) 이었다. 2) 인구학적 특정으로 평균 연령은 유의한 수준은 아니었으나 남성 군이 $29.13\pm7.87$세로 여성 군의 $27.00\pm6.81$세 보다 높은 경향을 보였다(p=0.0514). 평균 신체 질량 지수(Body Mass Index : BMI)는 남성 군이 $23.05\pm3.12$로 여성 군의 $20.40\pm2.31$보다 유의하게 높았고(p<0.01), 분포 또한 신체 질량 지수가 20이하인 경우도 남성 군은 7/52명 03.5%) 인데 반해 여성 군은103/208명(49.5%)으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.01). 신체 질병의 과거력은 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 흡연율(p<0.01), 알코올 사용율(p<0.01) 및 한달 평균 알코올 사용량(p<0.01) 등은 모두 남성 군에서 여성 군보다 유의하게 높았다. 3) 사회 경제적인 특징 중 직업을 제외하고는 경제 상태, 교육 기간, 가족 수, 결혼 상태, 종교 및 대도시, 중간 크기의 도시, 소도시 및 시골지역 등으로 나누어 본 거주지역 등이 모두 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4) 식사 특성으로 식습관 척도 점수는 남성 군이 $7.25\pm3.15$로 여성 군의 $8.88\pm3.91$보다 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.01), KEAT-26상 총 접수는 남성 군이 $25.80\pm4.87$ 여성 군이 $26.39\pm5.78$로 두 군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 이 검사의 하위 척도인 마름에 대한 욕망(desire for thinness) 척도에서는 여성 군이 남성 군보다 유의하게 높았고(p<0.01), 음식에 대한 집착 척도(food preoccupation) 남성 군에서 여성 군보다 유의하게 높은 결과를 보여(p<0.05) 두 군 모두 식사 태도 검사 상 높은 점수를 보이고 있어도 질적인 내용에는 성에 따라 차이가 있음을 보여 주었다. 이외에 체중에 대한 통제 소재는 두군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 음식 선호도에 있어 남성 군이 여성 군에 비해 야채 및 생선을 더 싫어하고 단음식을 더 좋아하는 특정을 보여 주었다(p<0.01). 5) Eysenck성격 척도 상 남성 군이 정신병적 경향성에서 여성 군보다 유의하게 높은 접수를 보였다(p<0.01). 이외에 다른 성격 차원 및 Beck우울 척도 및 건강 염려증 척도로 측정한 일반 정신 병리 상의 특정은 두 군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 : 상기 결과들은 우리 나라에서도 선진 외국과 비슷한 수준의 남성 식사 장애 환자들이 있을 가능성을 보여 주고 있다. 또한 상기 결과들은 식사 태도 검사 상 같은 고득점을 보여도 식사 관련 병리는 성에 따라 차이를 보일 수 있음을 보여 주고 있고, 남성 식사 장애 환자는 여성 식사 장애 환자보다 좀더 깊은 성격 병리를 가지고 있을 가능성을 보여 준다.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
• /
• 제33권50호
• /
• pp.320.1-320.8
• /
• 2018

Background: Muscle mass and muscle function are related to depressed mood in studies of adults. Like adults, Korean students are highly likely to suffer from decreased muscle mass due to social conditions. In this study, we evaluated the muscle mass status of Korean adolescents and assess the effect of muscle on depressive mood. Methods: A total of 1,233 adolescent boys and girls participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were enrolled in our study. Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessment of appendicular muscle mass and completed questionnaires regarding depressed mood, stress, suicidal ideations, and attempts. Results: There was no difference in depressive mood according to muscle mass among boys (P = 0.634); girls with decreased muscle mass had a greater tendency for depressed mood compared to girls with optimal muscle mass (P = 0.023). After adjusting for age, waist circumference-to-height ratio, smoking status, alcohol consumption, frequency of physical activity, self-reported obesity, weight-loss efforts, and monthly household income, girls with low muscle mass (LMM) were 2.60 times more at risk of developing depression than girls with normal muscle mass (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-6.49; P = 0.040). This trend was similar for girls with LMM with obesity (95% CI, 1.00-11.97; P = 0.049). Conclusion: Adolescent girls who have insufficient muscle mass are more likely to report depressed mood than girls who have ideal muscle mass. Interventions for maintaining proper muscle mass are required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권17호
• /
• pp.7675-7681
• /
• 2015

Background: Hazardous health behaviour in young people is an important factor that affects the individual risk for non-communicable diseases and other disorders later in life. This study aimed to determine the hazardous health behaviour of first and last class medical students of Erciyes University. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out with 240 medical students from the first and 130 students from the last (sixth) class. Data were obtained by questionnaire between March-April 2012. In total, 339 students were included with a response rate of 91.6%. Socio-demographic characteristics, school success, self-reported economic difficulties, health perceptions, hazardous health behaviour related to chronic disease, tobacco, alcohol, substance use, body weight, height, traffic, violence and nutrition were assessed in line with the literature. Results: Of the participants; 64.0% were from first and 36.0% were from the last class. Mean ages for the first and last classes were $19.4{\pm}1.5$ and $24.0{\pm}1.5years$, respectively. In the current study, males exhibited more hazardous behaviour than females. Sime 19.8% of the students in the study group used alcohol, 35.4% used a waterpipe, and 24.8% used tobacco at least once. These rates increased in both genders in the last class and the increase in males was significant. Some 3.8% of the students in the current study used pleasure-inducing illegal substances at least once. All the students participating in the current study were single, the number of males reported not using condoms (8.6%) was 4.56 times higher compared to females. Some 64.0% of the students did not perform physical activity lasting at least 30 minutes for five times a week, 13.0% did not sleep for mean 7-8 hours daily, males having a 2.9 times higher risk. More than 1/3 of the students did not consume cooked vegetable dishes and 1/4 did not consume fresh fruits and salads, the rates were higher among males. Conclusions: In the current study, hazardous health behaviour was prevalent among medical students, with higher risks among males and last class students. According to these results, medical curriculum may be focused on decreasing hazardous health behaviour. In addition, in order to prevent unhealthy behaviour, the number of youth-friendly health facilities should be increased.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 2023

이 연구는 한국의 중독 연구의 동향을 파악하고 발전 방향을 모색하기 위해 2020년부터 2022년까지 지난 3년간 국내 전문학술지 게재 논문 817 건을 대상으로 텍스트마이닝 기법을 활용하여 분석한 연구이다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다양한 중독 관련 키워드가 나타났으나 스마트폰, 게임, 인터넷, 도박, 관계중독 등 모바일을 중심으로 한 온라인에서의 행위중독 관련 중독 연구들이 주요 상위 키워드로 두드러지게 나타났다. 둘째, TF-IDF 분석결과 중독연구에서 지난 3년 간 스마트폰이나, 게임, 인터넷, 일 중독과 같은 행위중독 관련 중독연구가 많이 수행되었고 특히, 아직 임상적으로 중독문제로 진단화 하고 있지 않은 스마트폰이나 게임, 인터넷 등에 대한 중독문제들에 대한 연구수행이 많다는 것을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 2-gram 분석 결과 스마트폰이나 게임, 인터넷 등 주로 행위중독에 해당 되는 단어들이 중독이라는 키워드와 나란히 등장하는 비율이 매우 높으며, 그 가운데 스마트폰과 중독문제와 관련하여 쌍을 이루는 단어들이 연구논문에서 많이 언급되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 넷째, CONCOR 분석결과 알코올사용장애, 인터넷 등 보편적 중독문제에 관한 연구, 마약과 도박중독의 회복 관련 연구, 모바일기기와 미디어 중독 관련 연구, 행위중독 관련 최신 경향 연구, 그 외 기타 중독 문제 관련 연구로 5개의 군집으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 향후 중독 관련 연구를 위한 방향성을 제언하였다.

• 수면정신생리
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2018

목 적 : 주기성 사지운동(periodic limb movement syndrome, PLMS)은 수면 중 팔다리를 비롯한 신체 일부가 불수의적이고 주기적으로 움직이는 현상을 말한다. 여러 연구에 의하면 PLMS는 고혈압의 위험인자로 잘 알려져 있고 각각의 PLMS 이후의 혈압이 20 mm Hg까지 증가한다는 연구도 있다. 본 연구에서는 PLMS가 수면 전후 혈압의 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 야간 수면다원검사상 수면무호흡증이 없고(respiratory distress index < 5), 렘수면행동장애, 기면병 등의 수면장애가 없는 358명(남자 176명, 여자 182명)의 18세 이상 성인을 대상으로 하였다. 이들의 수면다원검사 기록과 수면다원검사 전 저녁 수축기, 이완기 혈압, 수면다원검사 후 아침 수축기, 이완기 혈압, body mass index, 음주, 흡연, 혈압강하제 복용 유무, 벡우울척도(Beck Depression Index), 엡워스졸음척도(Epworth Sleepiness Scale), 피츠버그수면질지수(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)를 포함하는 임상 기록들을 수집하였다. 주기성 사지운동지수(Periodic Leg Movement Index) 15를 기준으로 15 이하인 군과 15 초과인 군으로 나누어 비교하였다. 두 군의 임상적 변수 비교는 t-test와 카이제곱 검정을 사용하였으며 repeated measure ANOVA를 사용하여 각 군에서의 검사 전후 혈압 변화 및 두 군의 혈압 변화 양상을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 대상자 전체에서 PLMS가 시간당 15초과한 군이 PLMS 15이하인 군에 비하여 수면 전후 수축기 혈압이 덜 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 성별과 연령을 보정하였을 때에도 유의하게 나타났으나 BMI, 음주, 흡연, 혈압강하제 사용, sleep efficiency 변수들을 보정하였을 때에는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(0.098). 여성에서 두 군간 연령 이외의 다른 변수들은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다($49.0{\pm}14.6$세, $57.1{\pm}14.8$세, p = 0.001). 여성의 경우, 두 군 모두 검사 전, 후 수축기 혈압은 유의한 감소를 보였다(p < 0.001). PLMI 15 이하군의 수축기 혈압이 9.7 mm Hg 감소한 것에 비해 PLMI 15 초과군의 수축기 혈압은 2.9 mm Hg 정도만이 감소하여 수면 전, 후 수축기 혈압 변화 양상이 유의하게 차이가 났다($135.2{\pm}20.3mm\;Hg{\rightarrow}125.5{\pm}18.3mm\;Hg$, $133.5{\pm}17.9mm\;Hg{\rightarrow}130.6{\pm}14.8mm\;Hg$, p = 0.010) 이러한 결과는 연령, BMI, 음주, 흡연, 혈압강하제 복용 유무, sleep efficiency 변수를 보정하여도 유의하게 나타났다(p = 0.024). 남성의 경우 두 군 모두에서 수축기 혈압이 수면 전, 후 유의하게 감소하였지만 PLMS에 의한 교호작용(interaction effect)은 나타나지 않았다. 결 론 : PLMS는 수면 중의 정상 혈압 강하 패턴의 감소와 유의한 연관성이 있었으며 혈압과 관련된 임상 변수를 보정하였을 때에는 여성에서만 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 여성에서 PLMS와 관련하여 발생할 수 있는 고혈압 및 심혈관 질환의 임상적 의미를 확인할 수 있었다.