• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 1984

The aluminum composition of the citrus orchard soils (volcanic ash soil) in Cheju Island was studied. The content of extractable Al was high, especially for the sub-soil. However the exchangeable Al was relatively low : it was only one-tenth of the extractable Al content. The exchangeable Al of the citrus orchard soils decreased with increasing number of years of cultivation. This has resulted from an increase in pH. The content of the extractable Al of the citrus orchard soils also decreased with the increase in number of years of cultivation. This is related to the fact that the application of phosphate fertilizers led to a reduction in Al activity. Therefore, the extractable Al showed a highly significant correlation with the available phosphorus in the top soil. However it was not significantly affected by phosphates in the sub-soil where the available phosphorus was extremely low. The extractable Al content strongly correlated with the organic matter and pH(NaF) in the sub-soil, but the correlation was less significant in the top soil. This suggests that large amounts of the extractable Al are released from the hydrous oxides of Al and that the organically complexed form in the sub-soil and non-extractable due to the reactions with phosphates applied to the top soil.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1035-1041
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• 2001

The refining process and solubility of Ti in Al matrix during mechanical alloying (MA) were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as functions of alloy composition, milling time and ball to powder ratio (BPR). Mechanical alloyed samples were annealed for investigating their stability and the formation behavior of$Al_3Ti$in the temperature range from$200{\circ}C$to$600{\circ}C$. It is observed from present experimental that disappearance of Ti peaks in mechanically alloyed Al-10wt%Ti is not simply attributable to the dissolution of Ti into Al, but associated mainly with extreme refining and/or heavy straining of Ti particles The annealing of the mechanically alloyed Al-Ti powders show differences in aluminide formation behavior when Ti content in Al is equal to or less than l0wt% and higher than l5wt%Ti. When Ti-content in Al is equal to or less than l0wt%, the MA powders transform directly to a global equilibrium state forming $DO_{22}- type\;Al_3$Ti above$400{\circ}C$. In the Al-Ti samples with equal to or higher than l5wt%Ti, transitional phases of cubic$Al_3Ti$and tetragonal $Al_{24}Ti_8$ are formed above$400{\circ}C$. They are stable only below$500{\circ}C$, and, $DO_{22}-type\;Al_3Ti$ becomes dominant aluminide at temperature higher than$ 600{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.305-305
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• 2012

빗각 증착은 입사 증기가 기판과 평행하게 입사하지 않고 기울여져 입사하는 코팅 방법으로 박막의 조직을 다양한 형태로 제어할 수 있다. 사전 연구결과에서 빗각으로 코팅된 알루미늄(Al) 박막의 경우 빗각으로 코팅되지 않은 Al 박막보다 반사율, 표면조도, 내식성이 향상되는 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구에서는 빗각 증착과 Al 박막의 Si 함유량이 반사율, 내열, 내식성에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 마그네트론 스퍼터링으로 Al과 Al-Si 합금(Al-3 wt%Si, Al-10wt%Si)을 코팅하였다. 기판은 실리콘 웨이퍼와 염수분무시험을 위해 냉간압연강판을 사용하였으며 기판은 진공용기에 장착하기 전 알코올과 아세톤으로 초음파 세척 후 진공용기에서 글로우 방전을 이용하여 청정을 실시하였다. 기판 청정이 끝나면 기판을 $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$의 다양한 빗각으로 고정시켜 다층의 Al과 Al-Si 합금 박막을 코팅하였다. 박막의 조직을 관찰하기 위해 전자현미경을 사용하였으며 Al과 Al-Si 박막이 코팅된 냉간압연강판의 부식 특성을 평가하기 위해서 염수분무시험을 실시하였다. 박막의 치밀도 측정을 위해 Ferroxyl 시험을 실시하여 철과 Ferroxyl 용액이 반응하여 발생하는 파란 반점으로 기공도를 평가하였다. 박막의 내열성 평가를 위해서 대기 전기로를 이용하여 $450^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$에서 각각 4시간과 8시간 동안 열처리를 실시하여 시편 표면의 색상 변화를 분광광도계와 색차계로 관찰하였다. Al 박막의 Si 함량이 증가할수록 박막의 조직이 치밀해지고 내부식성이 향상되었다. Si이 10 wt% 함유된 박막은$500^{\circ}C$로 8시간 열처리한 후에도 열처리하지 않은 시편과 광택도 비교에서 변화가 크지 않았다. 빗각 $30^{\circ}$에서 코팅한 Si 함량 10 wt%인 박막이 우수한 반사율을 보였으며 염수분무시험에서 216시간이 경과한 후에 적청이 발생하여 우수한 내부식성을 보였다. 따라서 코팅층의 우수한 내부식성과 내열성, 높은 반사율은 다양한 산업분야에 적용이 가능한 우수한 표면처리 소재를 확보할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Using the Siwek 20 L spherical explosion vessel, the explosion properties have been examined to understand the influence of magnesium content in Mg-Al alloy dusts with different concentration. For this purpose, the Mg-Al alloy dusts (volume mean diameter : $151{\sim}160{\mu}m$) with magnesium content ratio were used. As the results, the increase of Mg content in Mg-Al alloy causes an decreased minimum explosion concentration and an increased maximum explosion pressure. Also the maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise in Mg-Al alloy dusts mainly depended on the dust concentrations. However, for the explosion index (Kst) of Mg-Al (40:60 wt%), Mg-Al (50:50 wt%) and Mg-Al (60:40 wt%), it was founded to increase the Kst with increasing of magnesium content ratio.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.292-299
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• 2019

The hull material of a high-speed ship may cause erosion damage from fluid impact. When physical erosion and electrochemical corrosion combine, erosion corrosion damage occurs. The aluminum ship is vulnerable to erosion corrosion because it can be operated at high speed. Thus, in this study, Al5052-O and Al6061-T6 aluminum alloys for the marine environment were selected as experimental materials. The erosion corrosion resistance of Al5052-O and Al6061-T6 aluminum alloys in seawater was investigated by an erosion test and potentiodynamic polarization test at the various flow rate (0 m/s, 5 m/s, 10 m/s, 15 m/s, 20 m/s). Erosion corrosion characteristics were evaluated by surface analysis, 3D analysis, SEM analysis, and the Tafel extrapolation method. The results of surface damage analysis after the erosion test showed that Al6061-T6 presented better erosion resistance than Al5052-O. The results of the potentiodynamic polarization test at the various flow rate, corrosion current density by Tafel extrapolation presented lower values of Al6061-T6 than Al5052-O. Al5052-O showed more surface damage than Al6061-T6 at all flow rates. Consequently, Al6061-T6 presented better erosion corrosion resistance than Al5052-O. The results of this study are valuable data for selecting hull material for an aluminum alloy vessel.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2000

We investigated the microstructure, electrical property, and magnetic property of Co/Al multilayer after annealing treatment. CoAl was formed during depositing Co/Al multilayer due to the interfacial reaction. After annealing treatment, $Co_2Si$ was formed at the Co/Si interface. The sheet resistance of Co 2 nm/Al 2 nm multilayer have the lowest value and the Rs of multilayer decreased with the increase of annealing temperature due to the formation of $Co_2Si$ phase. The Ms of 2 nm Co/2 nm Al multilayer have the lowest value and the Ms of multilayer increased with the increase of film thickness.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.92-98
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• 1996

Al-Fe alloy layers on heated steel sheet were made by Al powder spray for 30 minutes at $700^{\circ}C$, $800^{\circ}C$ and $1000^{\circ}C$, respectively. As a results, for alloy layers formed at $700^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$, main phases were brittle phase $FeAl_3 and Fe_2Al_5$, hardnesses were very high (Hv 700~800), corrosion resistances were good and surfaces were smooth, but wear resistances were bad. For alloy layer formed at $1000^{\circ}C$, main phase was ductile phase $Fe_3Al$, hardness was low (Hv 300~400), corrosion and wear resistances were excellent, but surface was rough. Therefore, alloy layers that formed at $700^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$ were heat treated at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes for the purpose of smooth surface and excellent wear resistance in this study. It was investigated that brittle phase $FeAl_3 and Fe_2Al_5$ of alloy layers fromed by Al powder spray at $700^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$ turn into ductile phase $Fe_3Al$ by heat treated at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes without changing smooth surface. It was concluded that the alloy layers formed by Al powder spray on heated steel sheet at $700^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes and heat treated at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes were excellent on wear and smooth surface.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.361-364
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• 2018

Binary Ti-Al alloys below 51.0 mass%Al content exhibit a breakaway, transferring from parabolic to linear rate law. The second $Al_2O_3$ layer might have some protectiveness before breakaway. Ti-63.1 mass%Al oxidized at 1173 K under parabolic law. Breakaway oxidation is observed in every alloy, except for Ti-63.1 mass%Al. After breakaway, oxidation rates of the binary TiAl alloys below 34.5 mass%Al obey almost linear kinetics. The corrosion rate of Ti-63.1 mass%Al appears to be almost parabolic. As content greater than 63.0 mass% is found to be necessary to form a protective alumina film. Addition of Mo improves the oxidation resistance dramatically. No breakaway is observed at 1123 K, and breakaway is delayed by Mo addition at 1173 K. At 1123 K, no breakaway, but a parabolic increase in mass gain, are observed in the Mo-added TiAl alloys. The binary Ti-34.5 mass%Al exhibits a transfer from parabolic to linear kinetics. At 1173 K, the binary alloys show vary fast linear oxidation and even the Mo-added alloys exhibit breakaway oxidation. The 2.0 mass%Mo-added TiAl exhibits a slope between linear and parabolic. At values of 4.0 and 6.0 mass% added TiAl alloys, slightly larger rates are observed than those for the parabolic rate law, even after breakaway. On those alloys, the second $Al_2O_3$ layer appears to be persistently continuous. Oxidation resistance is considerably degraded by the addition of Mn. Mn appears to have the effect of breaking the continuity of the second $Al_2O_3$ layer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.444-444
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• 2013

변형 다중양자우물은 전자 소자와 광전자 소자에 응용할 수 있는 가능성 때문에 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 합성 물질들의 초격자를 연속적으로 증착, 성장하는 디지털 합금은 다중양자우물을 활용한 광전자 소자에서 응용가치가 상당히 높다. 현재 디지털 합금을 이용한 다중양자우물의 성장과 관련한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있고, 특히 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물은 광전자 소자로서의 응용가치가 부각되고 있다. 그러나 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물의 성장 및 광학적 성질에 대한 연구는 많이 진행되었으나, InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물에서의 변형효과를 고려한 전자적 성질에 대한 연구는 미흡하다. InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물에 대한 전자적 성질의 연구는 광소자의 성능 향상을 위해 매우 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 합금 성장 방법으로 형성한 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물의 부띠 사이 천이와 전자 분포를 고찰하였다. 온도에 따른 광루미네센스의 측정을 통해 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물에서 나타나는 부띠 사이의 천이를 관찰하였다. 가변 메시 유한 차분법을 이용한 이산적 모델을 통해 변형효과가 다중양자우물 구조에서 부띠에 주는 영향을 조사하였다. 격자의 불일치로 인한 변형 효과와 8-band envelope function approximation을 고려한 슈뢰딩거 방정식을 사용하여 InzGaxAl1-z-xP/InAlP 다중양자우물에서의 전자 부띠 에너지와 에너지 파동 함수를 계산하였다. 계산한 부띠 사이 천이 에너지와 광루미네센스 측정에서 보인 엑시톤 천이 에너지를 비교하였을 때, 작은 차이 값이 나타났다. 증착과정에서의 이종접합사이에서 발생하는 불확실성을 고려한다면 이 차이 값은 오차범위 안에 포함되며, 계산 값과 실험 값이 잘 일치하는 것으로 볼 수 있다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 1992

Chemical homogeneity and dispersoid formation in mechanically alloyed Al-Ti composite metal powders were investigated in order to fabricate the high temperature Al-Ti alloys. The homogeneity of composite particles was able to be obtained by MA milling time more than 10 hours with the milling velocity of 400 rpm. The amounts of titanium, carbon and oxygen elements in MA Al-Ti alloys by chemical analysis were 8.2, 1.135 and 0.233 wt.%, respectively. The amount of carbon analyzed corresponds to 90 pet. of carbon contained the PCA of stearic acid. TEM analysis has revealed the presence of the rounded $Al_3Ti$ dispersoids with the size of 250nm and the $Al_4C_3$ dispersoids of cylindrical shape with a size of 50nm in thickness and 150nm in length. Also, the some rounded $Al_2O_3$ dispersoids with a size of about 20nm were found in grain boundaries as well as in matrix.