• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 2000

Background : In chronic airway disease, mucus secretion is increased, but extraction of mucin, which is the main component of mucus secretion, is a very complicated and limited in clinical use. Recently, monoclonal antibody for mucin was developed for possible clinical use. In this study, cellular analysis and quantification of respiratory mucin in sputum of patients with chronic airway diseases were performed. Method : Sputum was collected from patients with asthma(n=33), bronchiectasis(n=8) or chronic bronchitis (n=13) by spontaneous expectoration or by hypertonic saline induction. Collected sputums was treated by 0.1% dithiotreitol to dissociate the disulfide bond of the mucus and filtered through a nylon gauze. Total cell count, viability and differential count were measured. For detection of mucin, collected samples were treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then with monoclonal antibody(HMO2), as the primary antibody, and PAS stain. The amount of mucin was measured with ELISA by HMO2. Correlation with clinical information, cellular analysis, and amount of measured mucin were analyzed. Results : Total cell counts of sputum were significantly increased in patients with bronchiectasis but viability remained the same. Eosinophils were significantly increased in patients with asthma, neutrophils in bronchiectasis chronic bronchitis, respectively (p<0.05). The results of Western blotting and PAS staining confirmed the presence of glycoproteins and matched? with mucin. The amounts of mucin measured by ELISA were not significantly different among the disease groups. Significant correlation was identified between the amount of mucin and viability(r=-0.482, p<0.05). Conclusion : Inflammatory cells in the sputum of those with chronic airway disease were different for each disease type. Measurement of mucin by ELISA via monoclonal antibodies may be a simple method for the evaluation of chronic airway disease.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.14-20
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• 2012

This study analyzes the influencing factors of prehospital 119 Emergency Medical Service for Stroke Patients in prehospital. From July, 2010 to June, 2011, 123 patients were diagnosed with Stroke in Emergency Medical Center. Among 123 patients, the prehospital assessment rates were as follows : blood pressure checked 73.2 %, pulse checked 73.2 %, respiratory checked 64.2 %, $SpO_2$ checked 79.7 %, pupil reflex test 88.6 %, Electrocardiogram checked 14.6 %, blood sugar checked 19.5 %. Prehospital emergency medical care, Oropharyngeal airway insertion 2.4 %, Manual airway maneuvers 17.1 %, endotracheal intubation 2.7 %, oxygen supply 35.4 %, and suction and intravenous fluid therapy 0 %. The property of mental status evaluation by 119 Emergency Medical Service was nearly perfect, but the patients assessment and emergency medical care were not.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.811-819
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• 2016

Panfacial fracture is extremely difficult to manage facial injuries but concomitant injuries and severe complications including facial esthetic and functional problems can make it harder. Thorough evaluation and closed co-work with other specialists is needed when reduction and fixation cannot be achieved quickly. Emergency bony support and soft tissue key suture provide the patients with airway integrity, hard and soft tissue vitality. A systemic treatment plan must be made by 3D CT image. This plan include airway management for surgery, sequence of reduction and fixation, approach method, soft tissue resuspension and reconstruction of lost tissue like inferior orbital wall, zygomaic buttress and soft tissue. From known to unknown structures, accurate reduction and fixation will provide proper occlusion, facial projection, width, hight and function. Consideration about facial retaining ligaments must be given to prevent soft tissue sagging.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.92-95
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• 2016

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome comprises multiple congenital anomalies with a risk of development of childhood tumors. Macroglossia is the predominent finding in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and other findings include postnatal somatic gigantism, abdominal wall defects, nevus flammeus of the face, congenital heart defects, and cleft palate. The aim of this case presentation is to describe the dental treatment of a child with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. A 3-year-old boy with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome visited to the Seoul National University Dental Hospital for dental evaluation and treatment. Due to the multiple caries and poor cooperation, we planned to perform the dental procedure under general anesthesia. The dental procedure was successfully performed and there was no airway complications after extubation. This case suggests that general anesthesia may be useful for the patient with uncooperative Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, since macroglossia and laryngomalacia may exacerbates airway compromise during dental sedation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.240-245
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• 2022

A 15-year-old, neutered male, Shih-Tzu, was presented at the Chonnam National Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for evaluation of acute onset of persistent coughing, exercise intolerance, and abnormal heart sound. On thoracic auscultation, a split-second heart sound and a wheezing sound were detected on both sides of the chest walls. On physical examination, the dog's body condition score (BCS) was 7/9, and had stenotic nares. Thoracic radiographs revealed right-sided enlargement of the cardiac silhouette (vertebral heart score (VHS) 11.2; reference interval = 8.9-10.1), mild main pulmonary artery (MPA) bulging, mild interstitial infiltration, and hepatomegaly. The electrocardiogram showed right axis deviation, suggesting right ventricular hypertrophy. The echocardiographic study showed moderate pulmonary hypertension and moderate tricuspid regurgitation. There were no findings of a tracheobronchial disease, pulmonary thromboembolism, congenital shunt, left heart disease, or parasitic disease. Based on clinical signs and diagnostic findings, the dog was diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension secondary to brachycephalic syndrome. To rectify respiratory exacerbating factors, the dog was recommended weight control by restricting dietary intake and managing concurrent Cushing's syndrome. Treatments included sildenafil, pimobendan, furosemide, and ramipril. After five months of taking medications and weight control, the severity of pulmonary hypertension improved from moderate to mild. The clinical signs of the patient, including coughing and exercise intolerance, improved a lot. For 5 months of follow-up, the patient has not reported further recurrence of respiratory distress.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.124-131
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• 2003

The concentration of nitrous oxide in dental environment has increased especially in pediatric department. In pediatric department frequently met the behavior disordered patients who need the deep sedation. As the deeply sedated patients could not respond well to verbal command, the amount of mouth breathing would be increased especially with mouth prop which backward transposition of mandible. Inhalation of low concentration of nitrous oxide for a long duration has caused various side effects such as spontaneous abortion and inhibition of methionine synthetase activity which is harmful to DNA synthesis. For evaluation of factors of mouth breathing during deep sedation. The author measured the concentration of nitrous oxide in breathing zone by the change of the scavenging methods. One is drain the gas through the tail part of reservoir bag of Jackson Ree's system naturally. Another is scavenge from tail portion of reservoir bag with negative pressure. Last one is scavenge from nasal mask with negative pressure. The nitrous oxide concentration in breathing zone was the lowest in nasal part drainage but high above the recommended concentration of NIOSH. The order of nitrous concentration in breathing zone was: natural drainage, tail part with negative pressure, nasal part with negative pressure. This would reflect the order of resistance of nasal airway and showed the amount of mouth breathing. From the above experiment, the resistance of nasal airway by the increment of gas flow in corrugating tube and reservoir bag would be one of the causative factors of mouth breathing in deeply sedated patients.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2016

Sympathetic reaction to grotesque facial injuries with oral bleeding can trigger confusion and generate inefficiency among emergency room personnel. Regardless of the extent of the injury, or of the sympathy elicated, the victim must be evaluated and treated as a whole patient with multiple trauma. There must be no confusion as to order of importance in the steps of evaluation : 1. airway 2. hemorrhage 3. shock 4. associated injuries 5. local injury 6. triage of facial injuries. The most dangerous aspect of oral hemorrhage is the possibility of its obstructing the upper airway. Swallowing large amounts of blood will usually cause gastric irritation and lead to vomiting, thus further complicating the management of the patient. Once a clear airway is assured and hemorrhage have been controlled, consideration is given to possible associated injuries before undertaking treatment of the facial injuries themselves. Status of the cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal and neuromuscular systems all have a bearing on decisions concerning facial injury treatment. In this light, treatment priority becomes exceeding important. On the other hand, the importance of facial injuries should never be minimized, especially in a mentally retarded patient with oral hemorrhage. This is a case report about oral hemorrhage control as treatment priority in a mentally retarded patient.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2009

Purpose: It is known that aspiration pneumonitis is associated with high mortality and morbidity following overdose. However, until now, few domestic studies on this subject have been conducted. The main aim of this study is to investigate the risk factors associated with aspiration pneumonitis in intubated patients following overdose. Methods: Among 654 adult overdosed patients who visited our institution from Jan. 2006 to June 2008, we enrolled 70 intubated patients within 24 hours after their overdose, and we reviewed the medical records to collect the data. This data was processed by univariate analysis, followed by multiple logistic regression analysis. P values <0.05 were deemed statistically significant. Results: In our study, a high incidence of pneumonitis was seen in the patients with an older age, a lower GCS and a high poisoning severity score or a high comorbidity score (p<0.05). Compared with the non-pneumonitis group, the pneumonitis group had a higher incidence of intubation (6% vs 61.8%, respectively, p<0.05). The main cause of intubation was a decreased mentality (68.6%). Older age, a high comorbidity score, irrigation without airway protection, relative hypoxemia and hyperkalemia were the risk factors of aspiration pneumonitis in the intubated overdosed patients (p<0.05). Among these factors, age, a high potassium level and airway protection might be significant predictors of aspiration penumonitis (p<0.05). Conclusion: Older age, a high potassium level and irrigation without proper airway protection may be the significant factors that can predict aspiration pneumonitis in patients who are intubated within 24 hours after overdose, although the further investigations on this are needed.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-103
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• 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders that can lead to serious consequences, including hypertension and/or cardiovascular diseases, if not treated promptly. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is widely recognized as the most effective treatment for OSA, which needs the proper titration of airway pressure to achieve the most effective treatment results. However, the process of CPAP titration can be time-consuming and cumbersome. There is a growing importance in predicting personalized CPAP pressure before CPAP treatment. The primary objective of this study was to optimize the CPAP titration process for obstructive sleep apnea patients through EEG feature engineering with machine learning techniques. We aimed to identify and utilize the most critical EEG features to forecast key OSA predictive indicators, ultimately facilitating more precise and personalized CPAP treatment strategies. Here, we analyzed 126 OSA patients' PSG datasets before and after the CPAP treatment. We extracted 29 EEG features to predict the features that have high importance on the OSA prediction index which are AHI and SpO2 by applying the Shapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method. Through extracted EEG features, we confirmed the six EEG features that had high importance in predicting AHI and SpO2 using XGBoost, Support Vector Machine regression, and Random Forest Regression. By utilizing the predictive capabilities of EEG-derived features for AHI and SpO2, we can better understand and evaluate the condition of patients undergoing CPAP treatment. The ability to predict these key indicators accurately provides more immediate insight into the patient's sleep quality and potential disturbances. This not only ensures the efficiency of the diagnostic process but also provides more tailored and effective treatment approach. Consequently, the integration of EEG analysis into the sleep study protocol has the potential to revolutionize sleep diagnostics, offering a time-saving, and ultimately more effective evaluation for patients with sleep-related disorders.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.104-112
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• 2005

Because of location, a mediastinal mass may cause complications such as a major airway obstruction, a superior vena caval obstruction, and cardiac compression during general anesthesia. The patient's condition need to be assessed by several methods to predict the risks associated with general anesthesia. The authors took computed tomographs for a preoperative evaluation of two patients with an anterior mediastinal mass, and the risk of perioperative complications was predicted by measuring the tracheal area. The patients were managed according to the preoperative evaluation but severe ventilation impairments were encountered during anesthesia. In one patient, stable ventilation could not be maintained until spontaneous breathing appeared. The operation was cancelled and the patient was brought into the ICU. In the other patient, a tracheal tube was inserted deeper in an attempt to pass the narrowed tracheal portion due to mediastinal tumor compression resulting in improved ventilation.