• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.4039-4047
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• 2023

This contribution describes the application of HPGe detector for the airborne quantitative analysis. The hardware of the airborne HPGe system was designed from the commercial components with only exception of the newly designed AirHPGeSpec special software to control, measure and process the data. The system was calibrated for the local air kerma rates measured on helicopter board and its conversion to the air kerma rates at 1 m above the ground was proposed. Two examples of the air kerma rates measured over the former uranium mining areas are presented and compared with the results of other airborne system on the board. This airborne HPGe system could be also used for measuring the surface activities in a radiation event. The nuclides of ¹³¹I, ¹³²Te - ¹³²I, ¹³³I, ¹³⁴I, ¹³⁵I, ¹³⁷Cs, ¹³⁴Cs, ⁸⁸Rb and ¹⁰³Ru were selected from possible nuclear power plant emergency scenarios. The Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate HPGe detector efficiencies for the flight altitudes from 25 to 300 m for the energies from 300 keV to 3 MeV of the nuclides in question. Also, the detection limits according to the Currie method as well as ISO 11929-2010 for selected nuclides are presented.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1433-1435
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• 2003

Very decisive progress was made in advancing fundamental POL-IN-SAR theory and algorithm development during the past decade. This was accomplished with the aid of airborne & shuttle platforms supporting single -to-multi-band multi-modal POL-SAR and also some POL-IN-SAR sensor systems, which will be compared and assessed with the aim of establishing the hitherto not completed but required missions such as tomographic and holographic imaging. Because the operation of airborne test-beds is extremely expensive, aircraft platforms are not suited for routine monitoring missions which is better accomplished with the use drones or UAVs. Such unmanned aerial vehicles were developed for defense applications, however lacking the sophistic ation of implementing advanced forefront POL-IN-SAR technology. This shortcoming will be thoroughly scrutinized resulting in the finding that we do now need to develop most rapidly POL-IN-SAR drone-platform technology especially for environmental stress-change monitoring with a great variance of applications beginning with flood, bush/forest-fire to tectonic-stress (earth-quake to volcanic eruptions) for real-short-time hazard mitigation. However, for routine global monitoring purposes of the terrestrial covers neither airborne sensor implementation - aircraft and/or drones - are sufficient; and there -fore multi-modal and multi-band space-borne POL-IN-SAR space-shuttle and satellite sensor technology needs to be further advanced at a much more rapid phase. The existing ENVISAT with the forthcoming ALOSPALSAR, RADARSAT-2, and the TERRASAT will be compared, demonstrating that at this phase of development the fully polarimetric and polarimetric-interferometric modes of operation must be viewed and treated as preliminary algorithm verification support modes and at this phase of development are still not to be viewed as routine modes.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2014

Objectives: This study is intended to seek credible and efficient measurements on airborne asbestos concentrations that allow immediate action by establishing complementary data through comparative analysis with existing PCM and KF-100 method real-time monitoring equipment in working areas in Seoul where asbestos-containing buildings are being demolished, including living environment surroundings. Materials: We measured airborne asbestos concentrations using PCM and KF-100 at research institutes, monitoring networks, subway stations and demolition sites of asbestos-containing buildings. Through this measurement data and KF-100 performance testing, we drew a conversion factor and applied it via KF-100. Finally we verified the relationship between PCM and KF-100 with statistical methods. Results: The airborne asbestos concentrations by PCM for the objects of study were less than the detection limit(7 fiber/$mm^2$) in three (20%) out of 15 samples. The highest concentration was 0.009 f/cc. The airborne asbestos concentrations by PCM in laboratories, monitoring networks, subway stations and demolition sites of asbestos-containing buildings were respectively $0.002{\pm}0.000$ f/cc, $0.004{\pm}0.001$ f/cc, $0.009{\pm}0.001$ f/cc, and $0.002{\pm}0.000$ f/cc. As a result of KF-100 performance testson rooftops, the conversion factor was 0.1958. Applying the conversion factor to KF-100 for laboratories, the airborne asbestos concentrations ratio of the two ways was nearly 1:1.5($R^2$=0.8852). Also,the airborne asbestos concentration ratio of the two ways was nearly 1:1($R^2$=0.9071) for monitoring networks, subway stations, and demolition sites of asbestos-containing buildings. As a result of independent sample t-tests, there was no distinction between airborne asbestos concentrations monitored in the two ways. Conclusions: In working areas where asbestos-containing buildings are being demolished, including living environment surroundings, quickly and accurately monitoring airborne asbestos scattered in the air around the working area is highly important. For this, we believea mutual interface of existing PCM and a real-time monitoring equipment method is possible.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.613-623
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 서울지역 생활환경주변의 공기 중 석면농도 실태를 조사하기 위해서 PCM과 TEM을 이용하여 분기별로 지하철역사 13개소, 서울지역 대기측정소 4개소 및 각각의 인근 도로변 지역 1개소, 하천 6개소의 석재 주변, 주요 서울시내 터널 4개소 등에서 공기 중 석면농도를 측정하였다. 또한 일반대기 중 석면농도와 대표적 기후인자인 온도와의 상관성을 살펴보았으며, 기존 측정지점 중 비교적 많은 시민들이 이용하거나 환승이 되는 지하철역사 2개소와 대표적 대기측정소 2개소를 측정대상으로 시간대별 석면농도 변화추이를 파악하였다. PCM 분석결과, 전체 223개 시료 중 111개 시료에서(50%) 검출한계(7 fiber/$mm^2$) 이하로 나타났으며, 이 중 최대값은 0.0130 f/cc로 나타나는 등 일부시료에서 관리기준을 초과하였지만 TEM법을 이용한 추가분석 결과, 모두 불검출로 나타났다. 또한 TEM 분석결과, 124개 모든 시료에서 석면이 검출되지 않았다. 지하철역사, 서울지역 대기측정소 및 각각의 인근 도로변 지역, 하천 석재 주변, 터널에서의 평균농도는 각각 $0.0041{\pm}0.0027$ f/cc, $0.0015{\pm}0.0011$ f/cc, $0.0024{\pm}0.0012$ f/cc, $0.0016{\pm}0.0020$ f/cc로 모두 실내공기질 관리기준 0.01 f/cc을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 일반대기 중 석면농도와 온도와의 관계를 조사한 결과, 석면농도는 상대적으로 온도가 높은 시기에 높게 나타나는 등 온도와의 상관성(r = 0.660)이 어느 정도 유의함을 확인할 수 있었다. 지하철역사와 대기측정소를 대상으로 한 시간대별 공기 중 석면농도를 조사한 결과, 지하철역사의 경우, 상대적으로 온도가 높고, 유동인구가 많은 시간대에 석면농도가 높게 나타났으며, 반면에 대기측정소의 경우, 실외지역에서의 시료채취라는 특성 때문에 일일 중 시간대별 농도변화에서 일정한 패턴을 거의 찾아볼 수 없었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1589-1598
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between airborne manganese and blood manganese in a general population of South Korean adults. The concentrations of airborne manganese in total suspended particulate (TSP) were calculated from data obtained from ambient air-monitoring stations (AAMSs) located in South Korea. Blood manganese data obtained Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) using a rolling sampling design involving a complex, stratified, multistage, probability cluster survey of a representative sample of the non-institutionalized civilian population of South Korea. Airborne manganese geometric means was 46.10 $ng/m^3$, blood manganese geometric means were 1.19 ${\mu}g/d{\ell}$ for male and 1.40 ${\mu}g/d{\ell}$ for female. In multiple linear regression analysis of log transformed blood manganeseas a continuous variable on airborne manganese, after adjusting for covariates including gender, age, job, smoking and drinking status, education level, BMI (body mass index). Airborne manganese was positively associated with blood manganese with statistical significance. The present study confirms that airborne manganese is a possible contributor to the increase of blood manganese in the adult general population.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2013

We constructed and tested an airborne peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) monitoring system based on luminol chemiluminescence detection with fast gas chromatography. This system allowed for simultaneous measurement of PAN and nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) with a time resolution of <2 min. Actual sample masses within the fixed volume sample loop at various altitudes and temperatures were adjusted to standard atmosphere, using measured pressures and temperatures. The airborne PAN measurement system was evaluated during two field studies above the southern Korean Peninsula in August and October 2009. The detection limit based on the ISO approach was 0.035 ppbv PAN, well below the observed concentrations of 0.185-1.49 ppbv during these studies. Under these conditions, the PAN mixing ratios were positively correlated with $O_x$ ($O_x=O_3+NO_2$), with slopes varying between 0.014 and 0.033 and intercepts between 22.6 and 55.1 ppbv $O_x$. The intercepts corresponded roughly to background $O_x$ mixing ratios in central Europe; however, the slopes were above the range of slopes reported in other studies. We also enhanced the durability, safety, and ease of maintenance of the PAN monitoring system by redesigning the structure of the conventional luminol cell.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.1052-1060
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• 2023

The airborne radiation monitoring has been used in geophysics for more than forty years and now it also has its important role in emergency monitoring. The aircraft background and the cosmic gamma-rays contribute to the measured gamma spectrum on the aircraft board. This adverse effect should be eliminated before the data processing. The paper describes two semiparametric methods to estimate the full spectrum aircraft background and cosmic gamma-ray contribution from spectra measured at altitudes where terrestrial contribution is negligible. The methods only assume to know possible peak positions in spectra and their full width at half maximum, that can be easily obtained e.g. from terrestrial measurement. The methods were applied to real experimental data acquired on Mi-17 and Bell 412 helicopter boards. The IRIS airborne gamma-ray spectrometer, with 4×4 L NaI(Tl) crystals, produced by Pico Envirotec Inc., Canada, was used on helicopters' boards. To obtain valid estimate of the aircraft background and the cosmic contribution, the measurements over sea and large water areas were carried out. However, the satisfactory results over inland were also achieved comparing with those acquired over large water areas.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.517-525
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• 2020

Background: The study was planned to show the status of indoor microorganisms and the status of the reduction device in the military dog clinic. Methods: Airborne microbes were analyzed according to the number of daily patient canines. For identification of bacteria, sampled bacteria was identified using VITEK^®2 and molecular method. The status of indoor microorganisms according to the operation of the ventilation system was analyzed. Results: Airborne bacteria and fungi concentrations were 1000.6 ± 800.7 CFU/m³ and 324.7 ± 245.8 CFU/m³. In the analysis using automated identification system, based on fluorescence biochemical test, VITEK^®2, mainly human pathogenic bacteria were identified. The three most frequently isolated genera were Kocuria (26.6%), Staphylococcus (24.48%), and Granulicatella (12.7%). The results analyzed by molecular method were detected in the order of Kocuria (22.6%), followed by Macrococcus (18.1%), Glutamicibacter (11.1%), and so on. When the ventilation system was operated appropriately, the airborne bacteria and fungi level were significantly decreased. Conclusion: Airborne bacteria in the clinic tend to increase with the number of canines. Human pathogenic bacteria were mainly detected in VITEK^®2, and relatively various bacteria were detected in molecular analysis. A decrease in the level of bacteria and fungi was observed with proper operation of the ventilation system.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2010

Airborne nanoparticle concentrations in three metrics (particle surface area concentration, particle number concentration, and particle mass concentrations) were measured by task in a laboratory making carbon nanotubes (CNTs) films using three direct reading instruments. Because of the conducted other researcher's experiment before the tasks, airborne nanoparticle surface area and number concentrations are the highest at the first time conducted weighing and mixing by sonication task, respectively. Because of the mist generated during mixing by sonication, the highest airborne nanoparticle surface area and PM1 concentrations were measured in the task among the total. Nanoparticle surface area concentrations at the researchers' breathing zones had high correlation (r=0.93, p<0.01) with those measured at an area in the laboratory. This result indicates that nanoparticles generated during the experiment contaminated the whole room air. When the experiment performed all the fume hoods weren't operated and making CNTs films task were conducted in the out of the fume hoods. In conclusion, researchers performing making CNTs film experiments were exposed to airborne nanoparticles generated during the experiment without adequate controls. We recommend that adequate controls should be implemented so that workers' exposures to airborne nanoparticle are limited to minimum levels.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권6_1호
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• pp.1527-1539
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• 2022

최근 동해안의 연안 침식이 가속화되면서 광역의 지역에 대한 과학적이며 정량적인 연안침식 모니터링 기술의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 기존의 연안의 변화를 관측하는 주요 기술은 현장 측량에 의존한 정밀모니터링이 주로 수행되었지만 소규모 지역에 대해서만 적용이 가능하였다. 항공수심라이다(Airborne Bathymetric LiDAR, ABL) 시스템은 광역의 해변 및 해저 지형에 대한 경제적인 측량이 가능한 기술이다. 특히 해수의 유동이 심하고 파랑에너지가 높아 연안침식 모니터링에서 주요 관심 대상 지역인 조간대에 대해 해저 지형자료의 구축이 가능하다는 장점을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 씨호크(Seahawk) ABL 시스템을 활용하여 2021년 8월과 2022년 3월에 표사계 GW36 연안에 대해 측량 데이터를 취득하고 연안침식에 의한 기선 길이 및 종단 변화, 해안선 변화, Digital Terrain Model 변화를 정량적으로 관측하였다. 연구결과 항공수심라이다 데이터를 연안침식 모니터링에 효과적으로 활용이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.