• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to after induced delayed onset muscle soreness, the purpose of this study is to present the effective way on skin temperature changes and cold pain for 14 subjects during to applied with only Cold-jet stream and Cold-jet stream with infra red. 14 healthy men and women who delayed onset muscle soreness eccentric contractions induced by exercise and then the biceps alone was applied to the Cold-jet stream. We measured the time that skin temperature fall from room temperature to $10^{\circ}C$(first period), the time rewarmed from $10^{\circ}C$ to $20^{\circ}C$(second period), the time fall again to $10^{\circ}C$(third period) and the time rewarmed again to $20^{\circ}C$(fourth period). Cold-jet stream with infrared combination therapy was performed with the same method. Results of this study were 1st and 2nd experimental cooling experiments in the to fall to $10^{\circ}C$ Cold-jet stream with infrared combination therapy than in the Cold-jet stream was longer(p<.05). At second period, It took longer in Cold-jet stream with infrared rewarmed than Cold-jet stream to rewarm skin(p<.05). Cold-jet stream with infrared combination therapy than Cold-jet stream had less incidence of cold pain(p<.05). Thickness of biceps brachii were found significant difference related measurment each group was consistent. In this study, Cold-jet stream with infrared combination therapy more effective than Cold-jet stream in reduced cold pain and lowering skin temperature. This work was supported by education capacity building project fund of Taegu Science University, 2012.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.388-393
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• 1999

In this study, the $CaSO_4:Eu$ TLDs are fabricated and their trap parameters are determined. The optimum concentration of Eu for fabrication of the $CaSO_4:Eu$ TLD is 0.5 mol% and optimum temperature is $600^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours sintering in air. The glow curve of $CaSO_4:Eu$ consists of two glow peaks and these peaks are isolated by thermal bleaching method. Trap parameters of two glow peaks are measured using the initial rise, the peak shape, the heating rate and the least square curve fitting methods. The activation energies of the glow peak I and II are 1.00 eV and 1.09 eV, and the frequency factors are $7.04{\times}10^{11}\;s^{-1}$ and $5.12{\times}10^{11}\;s^{-1}$ and the kinetic orders are 1.11 and 1.33, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1998

The climatic characteristics of Korea are analyzed with the monthly variability of the temperature observed from 1961 to 1990 in 66 stations. The climate of Korea is composed of spring(April and May), summer(from June to September), autumn(October) and winter(from November to March). In the change of the variability of the temperature, it becomes the highest in winter and does the lowest in summer. In the distribution of the variability of the temperature, it shows the decreasing tendency along the transferring the southern and western coasts from the Yongso region distinctly in midsummer(August) and midwinter (December and January). The climatic regions are divided into two types : the central type and the southern one while the climatic regions of two types are subdivided into four patterns : the western coastal, the inland, the eastern coastal and the southern coastal patterns. In the distributive patterns of the climatic regions, pattern in summer is different from others, while the ones in the other seasons show similarity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 1994

Meteorological elements such as air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, sunshine duration, and so on observed by Korea Meteorological Administration, were analyzed to estimate the climatic change and to establish countermeasures in agriculture. Climatic differences were compared between two periods, early($1931{\sim}1960$) and late($1961{\sim}1990$), by calculating climatic resource indices, coldness index and warmth index of the two periods. Annual mean air temperatures of Seoul, Taegu, and Pusan in 1910's were 10.7, 12.3, and $13.4^{\circ}C$, respectively, having increased by $1.3^{\circ}C$ in Seoul and Taegu and by $0.9^{\circ}C$ in Pusan in 1990's. Mean air temperature in the spring($March{\sim}May$) increased by $0.69^{\circ}C$, which is a higher increasing rate than in the other seasons ($0.26{\sim}0.33^{\circ}C$). Regional differences exist in annual mean air temperature between the early and late part of the 20th century with little increase in this experiment did not germinate at pH 1.0. At pH 2.0, the flowering cabbage and geranium in the middle northern area, while in the southern part about $1^{\circ}C$increase was recorded during the last period. In the late period the annual rainfall increased by 100mm, except for the western coast area and the middle northern area. The P/E ratio showed a trend of an annual increase in the late period, being higher in the summer and lower in the winter. Relative humidity showed slight differences in seasons and regions but annual values did not. Duration of sunshine decreased by about an hour in the spring. Coldness index and warmth index of the late period were higher by 3.7 and 1.0 than those of the early period, respectively.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.397-402
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• 2005

Photovoltaic (PV) module can generate electricity using sunlight without causing any environmental degradation. Due to higher fossil fuel prices and environmental awareness, PV applications are becoming more popular as clean source of electricity generation. PV output is sensitive to the operating temperature and can be drastically affected in Building Integrated PV (BIPV) systems. PV Solarwall (SWPV) combination and PV systems have been evaluated in this study for improvement in electrical output and system costs. PV modules under forced ventilation. A 75W polycrystalline silicon PV module was fixed on SW in front of the ventilation fan as it was indicated to be the coolest position on the SW in phoenix simulations. The effectiveness of cooling by means of the forced ventilating air stream has been studied experimentally. The results indicate that there appears to be significant difference in temperature as well as electricity output comparing the SWPV and BIPV options. Electrical output power recovered is about $4\%$ during the typical day of the month of February. RETScreen(R) analysis of a 3kW PV system hypothetically located at Taegu has shown that with typical temperature reduction of $15^{{\circ}C$, it is possible to reduce the simple payback periods by one year. The work described in this paper may be viewed as an appraisal of a SWPV system based on its improved electrical and financial performances due to its ability to operate at relatively lower temperatures.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.8
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• pp.4-30
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• 1988

Examination of working environments was conducted to get more detailed data about harmful working environments and to make a contribution to more effective management. Study was carried out on 722 factories located in Taegu city and eight counties in Kyungpook Province, Korea, for a period of one year, from February 1 to December 30, 1986. The total number and proportion of workers exposed to harmful material was 37,697, 45.2% among 83,368 workers. The results according to exposed material were as follows: 1. In the case of noise, proportion of exceeding the 8-hour TLV was 59%, Included were nail-cutting in assembly metal manufacturing industry and weaving process in textile. 2. Dust in mill process of coal manufacturing industries exceeded the TLV of second class of dust at all parts and exceeded the TLV at 6% as a whole.: 3. The fields of industry lower than 70 lux of illumination were storage equipment of food, auto-winder of textile, painting of wood wares and coal mixing, and 44% of all cases was lower than standard. 4. As a result of temperature index investigation(WBGT), about 12% of all sujects exceeded limit value. Included parts were rolling machine and reducing room. 5. In the case of organic solvents, TLV was exceeded at about 8%, The parts exceeded TLV according to materials belonged to this category were as follows. 1) Toluene: adhesive work in assembly metal manufacturing 2) Xylene: printing and paint mixing in chemical manufacturing 3) Methyl ethytl ketone: paint mixing in all parts examined and coating machine partially in chemical manufacturing 4) Methyl isobutyl ketone: printing in chemical manufacturing 5) Acetone: vapor polishing in assembly metal manufacturing 6. Among specified chemical materials, the concentration of HC1 in the air in metal assembly manufacturing factory exceeded TLV. in one of three assembly metal manufacturing examined. Others, such as benzene, acetic acid, formic acid, sodium hydroxide, formalin, ammonia, copper, chromate etc. were lower than TLV in its indoor atmospheric concentration. As a whole, the proportion of exceeding TLV was about 0.8% 7. The concentrations of inorganic lead were lower than TLV in all parts examined. The results of this investigation show the fact that current management of working environments is not satisfactory, and so more active management is needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Warming Therapy used with patients consistantly before and during surgery to on changes in their body temperatures. The data were collected from patients in a university hospital in Taegu between December 1, 1998 and May 31, 1999. The subjects were selected from patients who were hospitalized for total hip replacement surgery. Thirty participants were assigned to two groups : experimental(Warming Therapy) group and control group. Each group consisted of 15 patients. The research design was a repeated measurement design, using a nonequivalent control group. The Warming Therapy, using a forced-air warming blanket, that is a, 'Bair Hugger' was applied to subjects in the experimental group. The subjects in the group were treated with the 'Bair Hugger' to warm up the whole body for 40 minutes before surgery and upper body and face during the operation. The core temperature was measured using a tympanic thermometer. The body temperature of the patients was measured 13 times every 15 minutes during the surgery. After the operation the body temperature of the patients was measured 4 times every 15 minutes, from the time of arrivial in the recovery room to the time of leaving the recovery room. The SPSS Win 9.0 program was used for data analysis. Specific methods tested were done using ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. The findings of the study are as follows. 1. The first hypothesis, 'The level of tympanic temperature for the experimental group which received Warming Therapy will be higher than that of the control group during the operation', was supported (F=32.16, p=.000). 2. The second hypothesis, 'The level of tympanic temperature for the experimental group which received Warming Therapy will be higher than that of the control group after the operation', was supported.(F=33.36, p=.000) 3. During recovery, shivering was observed one patient in the experimental group and seven patients in the control group. In summary, the findings of the study suggest that the 'Warming Therapy' applied before and during the surgery was a very effective treatment for surgical patients in maintaining the core temperature during surgery

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.16
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• pp.84-95
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• 1998

Apple Marssonina blotch, caused by Diplocarpon mali, which has been increasing on apple trees and become one of the most serious diseases on apple trees in Korea since the begining of 1990's. In this study, ecology of Marssonina blotch including disease incidence and spore dispersals was surveyed from 1992 to 1995 in Kyungpook, and factors influencing the incidence of the disease were analyzed. Marssonina blotch began to occur on apple leaves in June and was observed commonly in most of apple orchards after August, and increased rapidly in September. The incidence of this disease was high at the year of low temperature and a lot of precipitation. The conidia discharge began to occur in May and continued to October, and the peak period of spore release was in August and usually more than 70% of total spore release of the year released from August to September. The incidence of the disease was high in the northern and mountain are as such as Yeongjoo, Chungsong, Andong, and relatively low in the southern areas such as Kunwi, Yongchon. Jonathan cultivar was the most susceptible to Marssonina blotch, and Jonagold, Sekaiichi was secondly susceptible and the next Fuji was more susceptible than Tsugaru. The incidence of the disease was relatively high in orchards which cultivation management of irrigation, drainage, air circulation, fertilization, and fungicide spraying were poor.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.128-137
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• 1999

In this study, shiitake mushrooms were dried by hot air, vacuum and freeze drying methods and theire physical properties were compared. Since the pore size affects the amount of absorption, the characteristics of water sorption were investigated at various humidities and temperatures. Results showed that the freeze dried product had the greatest pore area and the highest absorption capacity. However, all the dried samples showed similar quality. The browning degrees were severely changed with increased relative humidities and temperatures. Among these drying methods, the freeze drying gave the greatest change in browning degree. The GAB monolayer moisture contents of the dried shiitake mushroom were $5.3{\sim}7.7%$. The prediction model was also provided using parameters such as relative humidity, temperature and pore area.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.706-713
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• 2001

The influencing factor in drying characteristics of fluidized bed drying with different drying conditions for husked barley were carried out. This fluidized drying mechanism of husked barley was consisted of consecutive two falling rate parts, first falling rate period and second falling rate period without showing constant rate period. The drying rate constant was increased with decreasing charged amount and relative humidity and increasing air temperature and air velocity. Since the drying rate constant expressed by Arrhenius type equation in the falling rate period showed good linearity, the falling rate period was condsidered as the controlling step. The activation energy of first falling step was 1,100 cal/gmol, while for second falling step the values showed 1,600 cal/gmol.