• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.91-103
• /
• 2003

The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the impact of the stack effect in high-rise buildings for solving the various problems resulting from it. For the evaluation of the impacts on the stack effect, computer program simulations based on the network model were performed for a typical high-rise office building. The results of the simulations show that the impact caused by the stack effect is mainly dependent on building envelope air-tightness and internal air flow resistance. Therefore the problems due to the stack effect may be solved to some extent by installing vestibules around entrance doors and doors serving elevators, and by zoning the elevators.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.152-157
• /
• 2015

Stack effect on high-rise building have negative effect on living environment, energy and life-safety aspect. Thus, it's necessary to find the measure to reduce the stack effect. As a result of field test on a 31-story building, a circulating type stack effect reduction technology was developed, which supplies air in the low stairs and discharges air in the high stairs. To evaluate the performance of this circulating type stack effect reduction technology on building stairs, a 3D numerical analysis was carried out by using Momentum Loss Model for analyzing leakage flow between compartments in a building. Consequently, numerical analysis proved that the stack effect on building stairs was reduced by a circulating type stack effect reduction technology.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2010

With the building is higher and higher, the stack effect is more and more remarkable. The stack effect accompanies many problems in high-rise building such as draft, troublesome in door opening, uncomfortable noise, contaminants dispersion, etc. In this study, the air movement and accompanied contaminants dispersion by stack effect in high-rise building, and diluting the contaminants concentration were analyzed. The analysis was performed for high-rise residential building in Seoul, Korea and the network simulation method was used. The results show that the indoor contaminants concentration and air movement caused by stack effect have interdependent relationship.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.456-467
• /
• 2002

The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the impact of the stack effect in high-rise buildings for solving the various problems resulting from it. For the evaluation of the impact of the stack effect, computer program simulations based on the network model were performed for a typical high-rise office building. The results of the simulations show that the impact caused by the stack effect is mainly dependent on building envelope air-tightness and internal airflow resistance, so the problems due to the stack effect may be solved to some extent by installing vestibules around entrance doors and doors serving elevators, and by zoning the elevators.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2012

The higher the building height and the larger the temperature difference between the outdoor and indoor space, the more remarkable is the draft driven by the stack effect in high-rise buildings. Moreover, the stack effect can bring about the deterioration of habitability and the degradation of the performance of the indoor control system in high-rise buildings. In this study, as a measure to attenuate the stack effect, the E/V shaft cooling method was proposed and its performance was compared with the conventional stack effect control method for strengthening the air-tightness of the building using a numerical simulation method. The total decreasing ratios on the stack effect in a building were compared, and the probabilities of the secondary problems were analyzed. The results show that the E/V shaft cooling is very effective to decrease the stack effect in a high-rise building in terms of the reduction performance and application. Moreover, this method does not cause secondary problems, such as stack pressure transition to other walls, unlike the conventional stack effect mitigation method.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.703-714
• /
• 2009

One of the biggest problems in smoke control systems for high-rise buildings is stack effect, but there are no recognized methods or measures to solve the problem of stack effect as yet. The stack effect can be overcome by forming the uprising current inside the stair hall properly, but there is a limit to the height in supplying into the stair hall the smoke control air volume to be supplied to a floor in case of escape from fire. The limit to the height can be extended by over-coming the stack effect by pressurizing the stair hall and the ancillary room simultaneously. It can also be anticipated that the stack effect can be overcome by connecting the air supply shaft to the stair hall at the top. As a result of computer simulations using a network type of tool, it is found that adequate performance can be achieved by pressurizing the stair hall only for a building of 190m or less, and up to 360m when pressurizing the stair hall and the ancillary room simultaneously. In all those cases, however, an overpressure venting damper is required which operates within a suitable range for venting the overpressure outside.

• Journal of Urban Science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2019

Infiltration affects indoor environmental and air quality and energy consumptions in buildings. Especially, airflow and the infiltration are more remarkable in high-rise buildings due to the air-driving forces (stack and wind effects). Thus, it is important to understand infiltration distributions in high-rise residential buildings. In this study, the weather-driven infiltration is characterized from the viewpoint of interactions between external wind and stack effect in high-rise residential buildings. To calculate accurately the annual infiltration distributions, this study also suggests an airflow and thermal simulation method with a two-step calibration of air-leakage data. The simulated results show (1) how the interaction between stack and wind effects induce infiltration types (outdoor and interzone air infiltration) and (2) how much the interzone air infiltration (being ignored in previous studies) occurs due to the stack effect, as well as the outdoor air infiltration rates.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2002

The objectives of this study are to clarify the impacts of stack effect in high-rise residential buildings and to present technical methods to reduce stack effect. For the evaluation of stack effect, architectural design guidelines were used and computer program simulations based on network model were performed. The evaluation shows that problems due to stack effect may be reduced by appropriate architectural designs, such as increase in air-tightness of building envelop, and provision of vestibules around entrance and elevator hall doors.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2016

The air flows in building caused by thermal buoyancy, known as the stack effect, have a pronounced influence on both the indoor environment (thermal environment, noise, draught and contaminant diffusion) and energy needs in high-rise buildings. Prior studies for airflow in high-rise buildings were focused on the degree of stack effect and countermeasures. The wind pressure was neglected during the calculation of the indoor airflow in high-rise buildings to clarify the effect of thermal buoyancy in previous studies. However, wind is an important driving force of indoor airflows in buildings with the stack effect. In this study, the effect of wind pressure on indoor airflow in high-rise building when the stack effect is dominant in winter was analyzed. In this paper, methods that involved considering the wind pressure in airflow network simulation were analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.796-803
• /
• 2004

The stack effect of a new type condenser installed in a high-rise apartment building was studied numerically A sirocco fan is introduced to the new type condenser instead of an axial flow In. The new type condenser intakes the cold air through the lower inlet and exhausts the hot air through the upper outlet. The effects of the building height and frontal wind on the performance of an air-conditioner were analyzed. The performance of an air-conditioner was evaluated by using COP (coefficient of performance) and CGPI (condenser group performance indicator). the hot air was exhausted by the new type condenser at an angle of 50$^{\circ}$ from the outer wall of the building. If there was no draft, the new type condenser installed in the high-rise apartment building had a good performance and its performance on each floor is not influenced by the stack effect. It is shown that the efficiency of the air-conditioner installed in several floors below the top floor decreased when the frontal wind velocity was greater than 8 m/s.