• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.574-589
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• 2006

Although concentrations of hazardous air pollutants(HAPs) are very low in the atmosphere, a growing attention has been paid on such compounds due to their high toxicity and bioaccumulation potentials into human body. In order to control and manage the amount of these materials in ambient air, it is necessary to construct monitoring system of them and to know the current concentration level of HAPs above all. In this work, a wide range of HAPs has been measured in metropolitan area to recognize the present state of HAPs in this area. The measured concentration of VOCs was higher in order of Jeonnongdong, Jeongdong, and Yangsuri. The regional difference of VOCs concentration was also highest in spring. Its total VOCs was ranged from $15.17{\sim}41.45$ ppb. Benzene $0.43{\sim}2.32$ ppb showed similar concentration level with the result of previous researches in Seoul. This value is a little higher than the average concentration 0.92 ppb for national ambient air quality standards in Japan. The concentration of aldehydes in this study was lower than those of other researches. Previous works in Seoul metropolitan area showed that the concentration of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were higher than 5 ppb. The concentration of gaseous and particulate PAHs was high in order of winter, spring, and summer More than 90% of PAHs with low molecular weight such as 2-rings and 3-rings PAHs existed in gas phase. On the other hands, PAHs with high molecular weight more than 5-rings PAHs almost existed in particulate. In spring, the concentration of gaseous PAHs was 24.38 $ng/m^3$ in Jeongdong. Among the particulate PAHs, the concentrations of Naphthalene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, and Benzo(g, h, i)perylene were higher than others. Especially, the concentration of Benzo(a)pyrene, a important carcinogenic pollutant, was highest in winter 0.5 $ng/m^3$ and ranged from 0.03 to 0.3 $ng/m^3$ in spring and summer, which is lower than the monitoring result in 90's. These components were mainly originated from the vehicle exhaust or heating equipment use.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.518-528
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• 2006

The air quality index (AQI) is an index for reporting daily or hourly air quality to the general public. The AQI focuses on health effects that can happen within a few hours or days after breathing polluted air. Many countries have their own AQI reporting systems, and the HAEI (hourly air environment index) method is now being used in Korea. In this study, in order to compare the AQI results from different methods, we applied three methods. i.e. US AQI, Canadian AQI, and Korean HAEI, to the same air quality data-base. The data-base was constructed from 10 monitoring sites in Gyeong-buk province for the last four years since 2000. Based on the results, a critical evaluation of the Korean HAEI method was made, and a number of suggestions and recommendations were presented to improve the AQI reporting system in Korea.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.734-745
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• 2011

In this article, we reviewed the monitoring status of hazardous VOC in ambinet air in Korea and some developed countries such as USA, Japan, and UK. In many countries, two types of VOC monitoring stations are being operated, i.e., for hazardous VOC and photochemical VOC. Each country has different target VOC but all includes benzene. Korea, Japan, and UK have a national ambient air quality standard for benzene, but no national standard has been established in the USA. For sampling of the hazardous VOC, the adsorbent method is adopted in Korea and UK, while the canister method is used in the USA. Both of adsorbent and canister methods are used in Japan. USA and UK have only non-automatic method to measure the hazardous VOC, and the individual samples are being sent to their national laboratories for integrated analysis. On the other hand, Korea and Japan have automatic and nonautomatic methods to measure the hazardous VOC. Local governments or regional environmental agencies in Korea and Japan have the authorization for the sampling and analysis of VOC. According to a field study to evaluate the performance of automatic VOC monitoring system, controlling the moisture in the air sample was identified as the most important problem. However, careful attention must be given to using a moisture removing device such as Nafyon dryer, because of unexpected artifacts formation. In order to have reliable data, it is highly recommended not only to use internal standards, but to use appropriate hydrophobic adsorbents as a cold trap in any automatic on-line VOC monitoring system.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 자동항법 비행이 가능한 무인기를 활용하여 미세먼지 등의 대기 오염물질을 모니터링 하는 시스템을 제안한다. 기존 대기 질 관리 시스템은 고정된 센서 박스를 통한 관제나 조종장치를 이용한 드론의 측정 센서를 통하여 정보를 취득하는 방식을 사용했다. 이는 한정된 공간과 모니터링을 위한 별도의 데이터 수집 및 전송들의 추가적인 절차가 진행되어야 하는 단점을 가진다. 본 논문에서 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 비행정보 지정을 통한 자율항법 비행이 가능한 무인기에 위치 정보를 위한 GPS 모듈과 미세먼지 측정을 위한 PMS7003 모듈을 내장하고 수집된 정보는 SD 모듈에 저장하고 비행 종료 후 전송버튼을 통해 블루투스로 연결된 스마트폰 앱을 통하여 원격 데이터베이스에 저장되는 원스톱 구조의 시스템을 구성한다. 또한, 실시간 모니터링을 위한 HTML5 기반의 웹 모니터링 페이지를 구성하여 관심 사용자에게 제공된다. 본 연구의 결과는 무인 비행체를 통한 환경 모니터링 시스템에 활용될 수 있으며, 향후 아황산가스 및 이산화탄소 등의 다양한 오염물질 측정 센서를 추가하여 토털 환경 관제 시스템으로 발전시키고자 한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1647-1661
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• 2011

The Government had devised legislation of Special Act and drew up guidelines for improving air quality in Seoul Metropolitan area. In 2007 local government of Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi conducted the results of application policy by reduced air pollutants emission for the first time. Although there was reduction of air pollutant emission in each local government, it was ineffective as expected using air pollution monitoring database. Therefore we worked out a way to prepare modeling input data using the results of enforcement plan. And we simulated surface $NO_2$ and PM10 before and after decrease in air pollutants emission and examine reduction effects of air pollution according to enforcement regulation except other influence, by using MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ system. Each local government calculated the amount of emission reduction under application policy, and we developed to prepare input data so as to apply to SMOKE system using emission reduction of enforcement plan. Distribution factor of emission reduction were classified into detailed source and fuel codes using code mapping method in order to allocate the decreased emission. The code mapping method also included a way to allocate spatial distribution by CAPSS distribution. According to predicted result using the reduction of NOx emission, $NO_2$ concentration was decreased from 19.1 ppb to 18.0 ppb in Seoul. In Gyeonggi and Incheon $NO^2$ concentrations were down to 0.65 ppb and 0.68 ppb after application of enforcement plan. PM10 concentration was reduced from 18.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$ to 17.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in Seoul. In Gyeonggi PM10 concentration was down to 0.51 ${\mu}g/m^3$ and in Incheon PM10 concentration was decreased about 0.47 ${\mu}g/m^3$ which was the lower concentration than any other cities.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2023

항공모함은 군용함정이 항공기를 통하여 전투를 수행하기 위하여 항공기의 질서정연한 흐름유지가 필요하다. 항공기 흐름유지는 함정과 항공안전을 강화하기 위한 중요한 요소이다. 항공기 흐름유지를 위해서는 현재 운용 중인 레이더 기반의 감시정보와 CNS 통합 기술에 기반을 둔 감시 장비들에 의한 감시정보를 동시에 수용하여 보다 양질의 관제정보를 제공하는 최첨단 항공관제시스템을 개발이 필수적이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 이러한 점에 착안하여 해외 사례를 기초로 우리나라에서 경항공모함을 운영하기 위해 요구되는 항공지원시스템(Aviation Support System)과 항공관제장비(Air Traffic Control System)의 운영에 대해 구체적인 관제 장비의 기능 및 운영 방법 관하여 기술 한다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2021

본 논문은 딥 러닝(Deep Learning)을 이용하여 대기오염측정망 데이터 중 특정 증상이 나타나는 이상 데이터를 탐지하는 방법을 제시한다. 기존 방법들은 일반적으로 시계열 데이터 내에서 기존과는 다른 특이한 패턴이 나타나는 데이터를 탐지하여 이상치로 분류하며, 이는 특정 증상만을 탐지하기에는 적합하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 주로 이미지의 전경 분리(Sementic Segmentation)에 사용되는 DeepLab V3+ 모델의 2차원 합성곱 신경망 구조를 1차원 구조로 변형하여 이미지 대신 여러 센서의 시계열 측정값을 입력받고 특정 증상이 나타나는 데이터를 탐지하도록 하는 방법을 제시한다. 또한, 데이터에 '조각별 집계 근사법(Piecewise Aggregate Approximation)'을 적용하여 잡음이 많은 대기오염측정망 데이터의 복잡도를 줄임으로써 성능을 높인다. 실험 결과를 통해 준수한 성능으로 이상치 탐지를 수행할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 설비자동화를 통한 생산성 향상 및 제품품질, 공장 환경 개선, 설비 유지 관리 상태 및 제품 불량 유무 확인 등 제품품질관리를 위해 공장현장내에서 실시간 모니터링을 실시하고, 현장 작업시 발생하는 각종 분진을 제거하고, 작업자 개인 환경을 보호하기 위한 목적으로 스마트 공장을 구축하는 사례를 연구하여 제시하였다. 해당기업은 지방에 소재하고 있는 자동차부품기업이며 주요 연구내용은 스마트공장에 필요한 오일필터 클립핑 자동화 및 모니터링 시스템 개발이다. 스마트 공장 오일 필터 클립핑 자동화는 전기에어부품, 솔레노이드밸브 및 기타와 장비부품 가공 제작 과정으로 구분하여 구현하였으며, 스마트 공장 품질검사 모니터링 시스템은 서버PC 및 S/W, 클라이언트 S/W 및 현황 디스플레이 모니터, 운영자 PC, 운영프로그램, 입력단말기 어플리케이션 등으로 구분하여 실제적으로 구현하였다. 본 연구자료는 스마트공장을 추진하는 자동차부품 벤처기업에게 매우 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 보여진다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2008

An indoor environmental monitoring system using IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless sensor network is proposed to monitor the amount of pollutant entering to the room from outside and also the amount of pollutant that is generated in indoor by the building materials itself or human activities. Small-size, low-power wireless sensor node and low power electrochemical sensor board is designed to measure the condition of indoor environment in buildings such as home, offices, commercial premises and schools. In this paper, two query models, the broadcasting query protocol and flooding query protocol, were designed and programmed as a query-based routing protocol in wireless sensor network for an environment monitoring system. The flooding query routing protocol in environment monitoring is very effective as a power saving routing protocol and reliable data transmission between sensor nodes.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.1029-1042
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• 2016

The initial and boundary conditions are important factors in regional chemical transport modeling systems. The method of generating the chemical boundary conditions for regional air quality models tends to be different from the dynamically varying boundary conditions in global chemical transport models. In this study, the impact of real time Copernicus atmosphere monitoring service (CAMS) re-analysis data from the modeling atmospheric composition and climate project interim implementation (MACC) on the regional air quality in the Korean Peninsula was carried out using the community multi-scale air quality modeling system (CMAQ). A comparison between conventional global data and CAMS for numerical assessments was also conducted. Although the horizontal resolution of the CAMS re-analysis data is not higher than the conventionally provided data, the simulated particulate matter (PM) concentrations with boundary conditions for CAMS re-analysis is more reasonable than any other data, and the estimation accuracy over the entire Korean peninsula, including the Seoul and Daegu metropolitan areas, was improved. Although an inland area such as the Daegu metropolitan area often has large uncertainty in PM prediction, the level of improvement in the prediction for the Daegu metropolitan area is higher than in the coastal area of the western part of the Korean peninsula.