• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2015

Growing concerns regarding air pollution have recently increased the demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG) fueled ships. LNG-fueled ships are equipped with an explosion relief valve in the crankcase to relieve excessive pressure and stop flames from emitting from the crankcase. In this study, a finite element analysis was conducted to evaluate the crankcase relief valve disk spring design using an ANSYS Workbench, v.15. The setting pressure, leak and explosion test performed by european standard EN14797 to evaluate function and mechanical integrity of crankcase relief valve. The tests results indicate that the pressure of the crankcase relief valve is 3.05 bar, with no air leakage at 2.97 bar. Finally, the mechanical integrity of the crankcase relief valve was confirmed through an explosion test in which the valve plate assembly, flame arrester, and other parts were safe from fracturing.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2016

국제기구 및 각국의 정부는 인간의 건강 및 환경을 보호하기 위해 선박의 배기가스 규제를 엄격히 적용하고 있다. 함정은 이러한 배기가스 규제 적용 대상에서 제외되고 있지만 최근 미국, 영국 등 일부 선진국에서는 함정으로 야기되는 대기환경오염을 방지하기 위해 전기추진체계 시스템을 도입하는 등 다양한 개선 방법을 적용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 함정용 디젤엔진의 매연 발생 문제 해결을 위해 노즐 직경을 축소 변화시키고 분사압력을 증가시켜 배기가스 발생량 측정과 오염물질조사 방법론을 이용해 저부하시 매연 문제가 개선된 것을 확인하였다. 동시에 그 영향을 유량방정식과 함정시험평가서를 통해 노즐 직경 축소 결과 연료 소비량이 감소되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2008

Benzene is a very harmful and toxic compound known as human carcinogen by all routes of exposure. Owing to the risky feature of benzene, several countries such as Japan, UK and EU have established the ambient air quality standard and protect from that risk of it. Korea also has designated it as one of the criteria air pollutants and established the concentration limit ($5\;{\mu}g/m^3$) in the air and is going to apply the standard from 2010. Benzene is emitted from various sources such as combustion plants, production processes, waste treatment facilities and also automobiles. Mobile source is known as one of the major emission sources of benzene. In this study, we estimated the domestic emissions of benzene from mobile source and compared the results with those of advanced countries. Mobile source was divided into 2 categories, Le., on-road source and non-road source. The total emissions of benzene from mobile source were estimated as 3,106 tons/yr and 1,612 tons/yr was emitted from on-road source and 1,494 tons/yr was from non-road source. Emission ratio of benzene from on-road source showed that 80.0% was from passenger cars, 10.1% was from taxis, 7.2% was from light-duty vehicles, 2.5% was from heavy-duty vehicles and 0.2% was from buses. In the case of non-road source, the distribution showed that 66.3% was from construction machineries, 14.5% was from locomotives, 11.7% was from ships, 7.1% was from agriculture equipments and 0.5% was from aircrafts. The cold-start emissions were estimated as 942 tons/yr and this value was almost 1.5 times greater than that for hot engine emissions (608 tons/yr). In addition, the fuel-based distribution was 65.9%, 31.1% and 2.8% from gasoline, LPG and diesel vehicles, respectively. The emission ratio from mobile source occupied 65% and 30% of total benzene emissions in USA and UK, respectively. In case of Korea, the emission ratio of benzene from mobile source occupied 29% (15% from on-road source, 14% from non-road source) which showed similar value with UK.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2019

Recently the concentration of fine dust and ultra fine dust becomes so bad, which seriously threatens the health and even the life of people. So, government started to investigate several ways to reduce the amount of fine dust and ultra fine dust. From a few years ago it has been known that ships anchored at port emit a lot of pollution and seriously affect air quality of neighboring cities. To reduce the pollution emitted by ship AMP (Alternative Maritime Power Supply) has been proposed, which uses the electricity instead of bunker C oil or diesel. Many developed countries already installed AMP to improve air quality in port area. Korea is in the stage of planning to install AMP at port. However, there are many complicated problems to be handled before AMP installation. Due to huge initial cost and long period of construction ship owner and habour operating company are reluctant to AMP installation. And there are serious technological difficulties in constructing AMP in existing harbour. Lack of AMP core technology and operational difficulties of AMP are also big challenges to be conquered. In this study SWOT/AHP method is used to find strategic and efficient ways to handle above complicated challenges and then to vitalize the AMP installation.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.457-465
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• 2004

Environmental protection on the ocean has been interested and nowadays the International Maritime Organization(IMO) has advanced on the prevention of air pollution from ships. This study presents the performance and the emission characteristics of 4 stroke marine diesel engines for generation application in D2 cycle(IMO mode). The effects of important operating parameters, such as intake air pressure. intake air temperature and maximum combustion pressure on NOx emissions were also described. Emissions measurement and calculation are processed according to IMO Technical Code. The results show that the maximum combustion pressure by fuel injection timing control and intake air temperature has strong influence on NOx emission production. But NOx emission is not affected by intake air pressure and exhaust gas back pressure.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2001

Environmental protection on the ocean has been interested and nowadays the International maritime organization(IMO) has advanced on the prevention of air pollution from ships. This study presents the emission characteristics of 4 stroke propulsion diesel engine in E2 cycle (constant speed) and E3 cycle (propeller curved speed). Also the effects of important operating parameters in terms of intake air pressure and temperature, and maximum combustion pressure are described on the specific emissions. Emissions measurement and calculation are processed according to IMO technical code. The results show that NOx emission level in E3 cycle is higher than E2 cycle due to lower engine speed and lower maximum combustion pressure by retarding fuel injection timing. Intake air temperature has strong influence on NOx emission production. And CO, HC emissions are not affected by maximum combustion pressure and intake air pressure and temperature.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

선박과 항만 터미널에 의한 오염에 대하여 항만 환경의 보호를 위해 강력한 규제지침을 적용해야한다. 불법적인 선박의 밸러스트수 교환으로 발생하고 연안의 항내에 들어와서 교환을 하면 식물과 동물의 외래종 침입하여 먹이 사슬을 파괴하는 원인이 된다. 질소가 풍부한 물의 교환은 미생물의 성장을 촉진시켜 연안에 적조를 유발시킨다. 또한 항만의 나쁜 영향을 미치는 것은 선박과 물동량을 수송하는 트럭에서 다량의 디젤 산화물을 대기로 배출한다. 국제해사기구 (International Maritime Organization: IMO) 에서는 선박에서 발생되는 오염물질 둥에 대한 규제강화를 위하여 최근 새로운 해사환경협약의 채택 및 발효를 강력히 추진하고 있다. 우리나라는 국제해사기구의 A 그룹 이사국으로서의 국제적인 위상과 해양환경 보호를 위하여 현재 발효되고 추진 중에 있는 협약들에 대한 연구와 대처를 효과적으로 하여야 한다. 이 논문은 해양관련 환경규제협약인 대기오염방지협약, 선박의 유해방오도료 사용규제협약, 밸러스트수 배출규제협약, 선박으로부터 오수에 의한 오염방지를 위한 협약 풍의 주요 현안을 파악하고 분석하여 이에 따른 대응책을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2019

IMO has enacted a convention that air pollution due to emissions of ships and sulfur oxides emissions should be significantly reduced by 2020. Based on the current support policies, this work intended to draw up the government support plans required by the shipping companies. Analytic Hierarchy Process analysis was done with factors derived from brainstorming and literature studies. The analysis results showed that the cost factor was generally the most important criterion and the Financial Aid was relatively more important within this cost factor. The policy implications for the regulation of sulfur oxides emissions was provided.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2015

A sunken ship often involves an oil spill. This paper was carried out to minimize environmental and cost damages stemming from oil spil of sunken shipl. Through the analysis of both the standards of the oil tank system and installation, we have identified potential oil spill sites and proposed a remedy of prevention. The result of study, the air pipes of the oil tank are a vulnerable point for oil spill. Also, the remote control devices of emergency shut-off valve have poor accessibility at abandon ship, making it difficult to shut off the emergency shut-off valve. Thus, we propose the addition of a remote quick closing valve in the air pipe and the building of a central control system.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.488-496
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• 2017

선박의 오염물질 배출에 대한 규제는 최근 IMO/MEPC(국제해사기구/해양환경보호위원회)를 통해서 진행 중이다. 선박오염원에서 배출된 오염물질은 국지적인 요인에 의해서 연안지역을 비롯하여 육지로 확산될 수 있다. 인천과 같이 선박 배출 오염물질에 노출되어 있는 항구 도시에서 선박오염원 조절은 연안지역의 대기질 관리정책을 효율적으로 고안하기 위해서 반드시 필요하다. 연안지역의 대기오염물질 중 선박에 의한 NOx와 SOx의 농도는 전체 NOx와 SOx 농도의 각각 14 %와 10 %를 차지한다(NIER, 2008). 연안도시지역의 대기질은 국지적인 순환에 의존하는 오염물질의 확산 경향과 선박의 수에 영향을 받는다. 선박오염원으로부터 배출된 오염물질의 확산을 WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting model)의 기상장을 기초로 CALPUFF(California Puff model)를 사용하여 분석하였다. 그리고 연안도시지역의 대기확산모델은 정박한 선박과 입 출항하는 선박으로 나누어 각각 점오염원과 선오염원으로 구분하여 모의하였다. 선박척수 82~84척을 기준으로 NOx의 총 평균 배출량은 입 출항시 각각 6.2 g/s, 6.8 g/s이었고, SOx의 총 평균 배출량은 입 출항시 각각 3.6 g/s, 5.1 g/s 이었다. 정박 중인 선박의 NOx와 SOx에 대한 총 평균 배출량은 각각 0.77 g/s, 1.93 g/s이었다. 육풍의 영향으로 인하여 인천항으로부터 내륙으로 진행되는 오염물질의 수송이 억제되었고, 내륙의 SOx와 NOx 농도가 일시적으로 감소하는 원인이 되었다. 해풍에 의해 NOx와 SOx가 내륙으로 확산되었고, 내륙의 NOx와 SOx의 농도가 점차 증가하였다. 인천항과 인접한 지역의 오염물질의 농도는 해륙풍의 영향보다 인천항에 정박 중인 선박오염원에 의한 영향이 더욱 크게 반영되었다. 본 연구는 연안도시지역의 대기질 정책고안과 배출기준을 정하는 것에 유용할 것으로 기대된다.