• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.683-689
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• 2003

The thermal comfort of an indoor swimming pool is different from that of general indoor space because of the characteristics of large space and the wear conditions of swimmers. Dew condensation by humid air not only makes mold on the floor, wall and roof but also decreases the durability of buildings by penetrating into their structures. In this study, the characteristics of the flow field, the temperature field and the humidity distribution in an indoor swimming pool have been examined by the numerical method to estimate the level of thermal comfort and the generation rate of dew condensation. The results showed that the dew condensation regions were spread widely at the eastern parts of the swimming pool due to the insufficient air flow rate with low velocity and temperature. To prevent the generation of dew condensation in a region, a sufficient warm air flow rate should be supplied to make an air mixing. The values of PMV at horizontal plane of 1.5 m height have the range of -1.0∼1.2, which means the suitable level for swimmers.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2009

In this paper, dynamic instability of plane membrane structures under wind action has been studied. The key to solving the governing equations of membrane structures under wind action is how to obtain the air pressure on membrane. Based on Bernoulli's theorem, fluid pressure has a certain relationship with velocity potential. Velocity potential could be solved according to thin aerofoil theory, where air around the membrane is regarded as a sheet of vortices. In this paper, we take advantage of the most commonly used three-node triangular membrane element and weighted residual-Galerkin method to obtain the determining equation for stability evaluation. Square and rectangular membrane structures are studied. The influence of initial prestressing force and wind direction towards critical wind velocity are also analyzed in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 1998

The results of study on the active control of naturally occurring combustion oscillations with a single dominant frequency in an atmospheric dump combustor are presented. Control was achieved by an oscillatory infection of secondary fuel at the dump plane. A high speed solenoid valve with a maximum frequency of 250Hz was used as the actuator and a sound level meter, located at the combustor exit, measured the pressure fluctuations which served as the feedback signal for the control loop. Instability characteristics were mapped over a range of mean mixing section velocities from 6.7 m/s-9.3 m/s and with three mixing conditions. Different fuel/air mixing conditions were investigated by introducing varying percentages of primary fuel at two locations, one at the entrance to the mixing section and one 6 mixing tube diameters upstream of the dump plane. Control studies were conducted at a mean velocity of 9.3 m/s, with an air temperature of $415^{\circ}C$, and from flame blowout to the stoichiometric condition.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2004

The developing Smart UAV in KARI supposes high speed flight as like a conventional plane, as well as vertical takeoff and landing as like a helicopter. Therefore, the air intake system should be designed to provide the sufficient air flow to the engine and the maximum possible total pressure recovery at the engine intake screen over a wide range of flight conditions. For this purpose, we designed the intake system using a pitor type intake model and plenum chamber. In this paper, we designed the intake model and analyzed the performance of designed intake system using the general-purpose commercial CFD code, CFD-ACE+. The analysis results of the total pressure variation and the velocity distribution were illustrated in this paper. The pressure recovery and distortion coefficient at a plane coincident with the compressor inlet were calculated and streamline variation through the intake system was investigated at the worst flight condition as well as the standard flight condition.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.95-99
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• 2004

The developing Smart UAV in KARI supposes high speed flight as like a conventional plane, as well as vertical takeoff and landing as like a helicopter. Therefore, the air intake system should be designed to provide the sufficient air flow to the engine and the maximum possible total pressure recovery at the engine intake screen over a wide range of flight conditions. For this purpose, we designed the intake system using a pilot type intake model and plenum chamber In this paper, we designed the intake model and analyzed the performance of designed intake system using the general-purpose commercial CFD code, CFD-ACE+ For 3-D calculation, we generated mesh using the unstructured gird and used $\kappa-\epsilon$ turbulence model. The analysis results of the total pressure variation and the velocity distribution was illustrated in this paper. The pressure recovery and distortion coefficient at a plane coincident with the compressor inlet were calculated and streamline variation through the intake system was investigated at the worst condition as well as the standard flight condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.87-91
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• 2008

The study examined fire resistance of concrete followed by change of mixed rate in PP and NY composite fiber and the results were as follows. In the event of fluidity in concrete not set, plane satisfied 600±100, its target slump flow, and fluidity was reduced as organic fiber's mixed rate was increased. Air amount satisfied 3.0±1.0, its target air amount, and didn't have distinct differences in reduction and increase according to organic fiber's kind and change of its mixed rate. However, it had a tendency that fluidity was reduced as the mixed rate was increased. In characteristics of hardening concrete, the 28th day compressive strength followed by organic fiber's kind and change of its mixed rate didn't have a lot of differences and satisfied high strength scope as about 70MPa. In spalling characteristics after fire resistance test, spalling was happened in non-mixture, plane combination, and P1N0. In other combinations, spalling resistance was happened. The relic compressive strength rate was 56%, the best condition, in P3N1(PP0.03%, NY0.01% compositeness) mixing PP fiber with NY fiber at once.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2009

The energy usage and the economical feasibility of the typical two story office building in the three urban locations of South Korea are evaluated as the eight orientations. The smallest energy consume is shown at the true south. The ranges of the low energy consume are $-3l5^{\circ}{\sim}0^{\circ}\;and\;-135^{\circ}{\sim}-180^{\circ}$. There are obvious advantages of passive solar designs such as using a fully glazed facade at the true south in the building. The General Low voltage plan is the effective way for the office building when does not required the high voltage electricity. The energy cost of KEPCO is compared to that of XCEL ENERGY. The portion of the customer charge of XCEL ENERGY is about 10% but it is about 50% of the total tariff of KEPCO. The effective way to save the energy cost is by reducing the operating energy of XCEL ENERGY plane but the most effective way is reduce the contracting energy of KEPCO plane.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.703-709
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• 2002

In order to investigate the smoke movement in three dimensional room fires, the center fire, wall fire and corner fire plume in different sized fires were studied experimentally by rectangular pool fire using methanol as a fuel. As the fire size became larger for the center fires placed at the center of the floor, the air flow rate entrained through the opening, average hot layer temperature, flame angle deflected backwards and mean flame height was observed to increase. On the other hand, as the fire size became smaller, the neutral plane height in the door and time reached steady-state was observed to decrease. The average hot layer temperature, mean flame height and doorway neutral plane height obtained from comer fire were higher than those produced by wall fires and center fires. The simple model for describing the effect of walls on the mean flame height was presented. It was shown that the model provides a good description of the present measurements, when used with the assumption by Hansell(1993), that the increase of the average flame height is equal to the ratio of the open to the total perimeters of the trays. Also the two models for predicting the effects of walls on the mean flame height were presented. These models overestimated the measured values of the mean flame height above fuel trays close to a wall and in a corner by approximately 19-26%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.4707-4712
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• 2014

Considerable fuel in cars is consumed by air resistance. The flow resistance against the air stream was analyzed by flow analysis near the passenger car body. In this study, the models were used were cars available on the real market. Two velocities entered into inlet plane of flow were 80 km/h and 110 km/h using the flow analysis of CFX. As the study method, the velocity of air flow near the car and the pressure on the rear part of car body were investigated at the driving of car. The shapes of the study models were models 1 and 2, and the flow streams were four cases of 1, 2, 3, and 4. In case 1 among the four cases, the maximum pressure ($1.017{\times}10^5Pa$) on the rear part was highest and the maximum velocity (43.81m/s) of air flow near car body was fastest. The air drag force in the case of high speed (110km/h) driving a passenger car was higher than that of a normal driving speed (80km/h). The drag force at wide section area of the car body becomes higher than the narrow section area. The shape of the car body can be effectively designed to reduce the air resistance using the study results of this analysis.

• 한국항공우주법학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

What was once known as common courtesy is rapidly disappearing in the air travel industry, and the violent behavior known as air rage is a constant threat. Once sought after by other industries for advice because of its expertise in customer service, the air travel industry has now slipped to the lowest rungs of companies with unhappy customers. As airlines cut corners in order to avoid bankruptcy, passengers' patience is tested by the stress of flight delays, crowded airports and close packed seating on airplanes. This article examines the situation, strategies used by passengers and ways the airline industry might better inspire courteous behavior in passengers. A cultural expectation of entitlement and competitiveness for limited resources has led to a breakdown in civilized behavior throughout society, both in the United States and internationally. Air travelers faced with rude and intrusive behavior from others on the flight are beginning to find their own ways of coping, such as high quality headphones to block offensive noises, and mechanical devices to keep the seat in front from reclining to the point where it hits their knees. The most potentially effective remedies will come from airlines that enlist cooperation by offering effective passenger education and possibly even incentives. Acceptable airline behaviors need to be plainly defined and stressed for passengers, both before boarding and onboard. In this paper, some methods are suggested to motivate passengers and to inspire courteous behavior.