• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.124-133
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• 2021

The airline industry has been growing steadily since 2016 with more than 100 million air passengers, renewing the largest number of air passengers every year. Increasing air demand leads to an increase in air traffic in limited airspace, increasing the likelihood of accidents between aircraft. Due to the massive human and material damage caused by a single mistake, aviation safety is being heavily focused around the world to efficiently use limited airspace. Studies related to various human factors are underway as most of the aviation accidents are found to be caused by human factors, but research on human factors by controllers is insufficient while they are active in terms of control and operation. Given that 82% of air accidents caused by controllers are caused by human error, the importance of management of human error and changes in perception are urgently needed. This study aims to understand the seriousness of the controller's human error by analyzing the accident cases caused by the controller's human error using TEM to identify threats and errors and derive common human factors.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 1986

Motor vehicle related air pollution has become more serious because of rapid increase of number of cars, specially in the urban area. The increase trend seems to be accelerated, however, the fact is that road conditions, parking facilities and traffic control systems are far behind coping with this situation. In spite of the lack of related basic data, urban transportation planning (UPT) and air pollution dispersion models were applied to predict air pollution level. In standard UPT model, trip generation, distribution, modal split and network assignment were estimated by experimental equations and appropriate models. The air pollution level in the central business area was believed to be higher and it will increase continuously due to the increase of traffic demand. To meet this situation, air pollution problem should be considered as a part of integrated plannings of urban plans or transportation plans as well as more stringent motor vehicle emission standards, have to be enforced.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.15
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• pp.35-39
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• 2002

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.1
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• pp.9-46
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• 1989

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.3 s.49
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• pp.11-20
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• 2003

There are two ways of reducing air pollution. One is the approach of the pollutant source control and the other one is the traffic demand decreasing approach. This study is focusing on the approach of land use planning and optimal location of urban facilities because those are the basic cause to generate transportation demands. So, the purpose of this study would be to analyze the changes of NOx and CO distribution on environmental air by functional hierarchy of urban roads and to make evaluation model of 'Transportation-Land Use -Air Pollution'. It will contribute to improve the air pollution level at same actual traffic generation according to different location.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2012

As a sub-system of an air traffic control system, SDP(Surveillance Data Processor) provides with the system tracks of aircraft using the surveillance sensor data from various air traffic surveillance sensors, such as radars. Therefore, the high accuracy of tracking results is a crucial requirement for safe flights, and verification of the required system performance of SDP is an essential step in development. Moreover, the quantitative evaluation of target tracking accuracy is important for newly developed SDP, since there are several tracking methods for Multi-Sensor Multi-Target Tracking, such as MRT(Multi Radar Tracking), inevitably required as the main function of SDP. In this study, definition of required system performances, establishment of test environment, and test results for MRT performance evaluation of SDP, which is being developed in KARI(Korea Airspace Research Institute) are presented.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.243-257
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• 2005

The effects of Traffic Control Program (TCP) on the ambient urban air quality of SO$_{2}$, NO$_{2}$, O$_{3}$, and PM$_{10}$ were evaluated in Seoul metropolitan area by using the lower atmospheric vertical stability index and daily mean wind speeds. The vertical stability index; temperature lapse rate between 1000 hPa and 850 hPa geopotential height fields, were used to identify daily vertical stability index during the 2002 World Cup period where traffic amount was reportedly reduced to half the number of vehicles. The indicated air quality levels of TCP days were then compared with those of the cases observed with analogous vertical stability during the recent 3 years from 2000 to 2002. The result indicates that the effect of TCP on the primary air pollutants are found to be approximately 39$\%$, 23$\%$ and 20$\%$ lower for SO$_{2}$, NO$_{2}$ and PM$_{10}$, respectively. The secondary air pollutant; ozone, showed relatively smaller decreasing rate (13$\%$) of daily mean concentrations (even increased during the night time). The comparison of daily maximum or peak concentrations reveals that the pronounced decreasing effects of TCP on the ambient air quality for both primary and secondary air pollutants, suggesting that TCP is one of the effective strategies to control peak or higher concentrations for most urban scale air pollutants in and around the Seoul metropolitan area.

• 한국항공운항학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.25-31
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• 2006

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.542-553
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• 2018

Since many previous studies reported the health effect of air pollution and indicated traffic as a major pollution source, significant policy efforts have been made to control traffic to reduce air pollution. However, there have been few studies that evaluated such policy implementation. In Seoul, Korea, the exclusive median bus lane system was implemented in 2004, and the metropolitan government applied air pollution reduction policies such as conversion of diesel buses to compressed natural gas buses and installation of emission control devices. This paper aimed to investigate the impact of the exclusive median bus lane system on air pollution reduction. Using hourly concentrations of particulate matter ($PM_{10}$) and nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) measured at 131 regulatory monitoring sites in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do for 2001-2014, we calculated annual and daily average concentrations at each site. We assessed the impact of the policy using differences-in-differences analysis by annual and daily average models after adjusting for geographic and/or meteorological variables. This method divides population into treatment and control groups with and without policy application, and compares the difference between the two time periods before and after the policy implementation in the treatment group with the difference in the control group. We classified all monitoring sites into treatment and control groups using two definitions: 1) Seoul vs. Gyeonggi-do; 2) within vs. outside 300 meters from the median bus lane. Pre- and post-policy periods were defined as 2001-2005 and 2006-2014, and 2004 and 2014 in the annual and daily models, respectively. The decrease in $PM_{10}$ concentrations between the two periods across monitoring sites in the treatment group was larger by $1.73-5.88{\mu}g/m^3$ than in the control group. $NO_2$ also showed the decrease without statistical significance. Our findings suggest that an efficient public transport policy combined with pollution abatement policies can contribute to reduction in air pollution.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2014

This study measured and compared the variation of ventilation rate and fan energy consumption according to various control strategies after installing wireless sensor-based pilot ventilation system in order to verify the applicability of demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) strategy that was efficient ventilation control strategy for underground parking lot. The underground parking lot pilot ventilation system controlled the ventilation rate by directly or indirectly tracking the traffic load in real-time after sensing data, using vehicle detection sensors and carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) sensor. The ventilation system has operated for 9 hours per a day. It responded real-time data every 10 minutes, providing ventilation rate in conformance with the input traffic load or contaminant level at that time. A ventilation rate of pilot ventilation system can be controlled at 8 levels. The reason is that a ventilation unit consists of 8 high-speed nozzle jet fans. This study proposed vehicle detection sensor based demand-controlled ventilation (VDS-DCV) strategy that would accurately trace direct traffic load and CO sensor based demand-controlled ventilation (CO-DCV) strategy that would indirectly estimate traffic load through the concentration of contaminants. In order to apply DCV strategy based on real-time traffic load, the minimum required ventilation rate per a single vehicle was applied. It was derived through the design ventilation rate and total parking capacity in the underground parking lot. This is because current ventilation standard established per unit floor area or unit volume of the space made it difficult to apply DCV strategy according to the real-time variation of traffic load. According to the results in this study, two DCV strategies in the underground parking lot are considered to be a good alternative approach that satisfies both energy saving and healthy indoor environment in comparison with the conventional control strategies.