• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.368-373
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• 2015

향후 박용기관의 일정 부분은 LNG 또는 합성가스를 사용한 Gas Engine으로의 이행이 예상되고 있으며 이에 대한 선행연구로서 SI기관의 시뮬레이션에 대한 연구가 요구된다. SI기관의 도시성능 예측을 위하여 상용 성능해석 소프트웨어인 GT-POWER를 이용한 모델링을 시도하였다. 이를 위해 흡 배기 계통의 모델링은 기존 연구에서 최적화된 모델링을 적용하였다. 연소과정 모델링과 열전달과정 모델링에 있어서는 현장에서 가장 적용이 용이한 모델인 SI Wiebe 연소모델과 Modified Woschni 열전달 모델을 적용하였다. 여러 운전조건에서 크랭크 각에 따른 연소실 압력 변화와 최고압력 및 도시평균유효압력 등의 계산결과를 실험결과와 비교한 결과 양자가 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1317-1324
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• 1998

In general, DI gasoline engine has the advantages of higher power output, higher thermal efficiency, higher EGR tolerance and lower emissions due to the operation characteristics of increased volumetric efficiency, compression ratio and ultra-lean combustion scheme. In order to apply the concept of stratified charge into direct injection gasoline engine, some kinds of methodologies have been adapted in various papers. In this study, a reflector was adapted around the injector nozzle to apply the concept of stratified charge combustion which leads the air-fuel mixture to be rich near spark plug. Therefore, the mixture near the spark plug is locally rich to ignite while the lean mixture is wholly introduced into the combustion chamber. The characteristics of combustion is analyzed with the variations of fuel injection pressure and load in a stratified -charge direct injection single cylinder gasoline engine. The obtained results are summarized as follows ; 1. The MBT spark timing approached to TDC with the increase of load on account of the increase of evaporation energy, but has little relation with fuel injection pressure. 2. The stratification effects are apparent with the increase of injection pressure. It is considered by the development of secondary diffusive combustion and the increase of heat release of same region, but proceed rapidly than diesel engine. Especially, in the case of high pressure injection (l70bar) and high load (3.0kgf m), the diffusive combustion parts are developed excessively and results in the decrease of peak pressure than in the case of middle load. 3. The index of engine stability, COVimep value, is drastically decreased with the increase of load. 4. To get better performance of DI gasoline engine development, staged optimizaion must be needed such as injection pressure, reflector, intake swirl, injection timing, chamber shape, ignition system and so on. In this study, the I50bar injection pressure is appeared as the optimum.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.848-853
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• 2004

Regarding to the project SUAV (Smart Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) in KARI (Korea Aerospace Research Institute), several engine configurations has been evaluated. However it's not an easy task to collect all the necessary data of each engine for the analysis. Usually, some kind of modeling technique is required in order to determine the unknown data. In the present paper a qualitative method for reverse engineering is proposed, in order to identify some design patterns and relationships between parameters. The method can be used to estimate several parameters that usually are not provided by the manufacturer. The method consists of modeling an existing engine and through a simulation, compare its transient behavior with its operating envelope. In the simulation several parameters such as thermodynamics, performance, safety and mechanics concerning to the definition of operation-envelope, have been discussed qualitatively. With the model, all engine parameters can be estimated with acceptable accuracy, making possible the study of dependencies among different parameters such as power-turbine total inertia, TIT, take-off time and part load, in order to check if the engine transient performance is within the design criteria. For more realistic approach and more detailed design requirements, it will be necessary to enhance the compressor map first, and more realistic estimated values must be taken into account for intake-loss, bleed-air and auxiliary power extraction. The relative importance of these “unknown” parameters must be evaluated using sensitivity analysis in the future evaluation. Moreover, fluid dynamics, thermal analysis and stress analysis necessary for the resulting life assessment of en engine, will not be addressed here but in a future paper. With the methodology presented in the paper was possible to infer the relationships between operation-envelope and engine parameters.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2004

As the environmental pollution becomes serious global problem, the regulation of emission exhausted from automobiles is strengthened. Therefore, it is very important to know how to reduce the NOx and PM simultaneously in diesel engines, which has lot of merits such as high thermal efficiency, low fuel consumption and durability. By this reason, the new concept called as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition(HCCI) engines are spotlighted because this concept reduced NOx and P.M. simultaneously. However, it is well known that HCCI engines increased HC and CO. Thus, the investigation of combustion characteristics which consists cool and hot flames for HCCI engines were needed to obtain the optimal combustion condition. In this study, combustion characteristics for direct injection type HCCI engine such as quantity of cool flame and hot flame, ignition timing and ignition delay were investigated to clarify the effects of these parameters on performance. The results revealed that diesel combustion showed the two-stage ignition of cool flame and hot flame, the rate of cool flame increase and hot flame decrease with increasing intake air temperature. On the other hand, the gasoline combustion is the single-stage ignition and ignition timing is near the TDC. In addition mixed fuel combustion showed different phenomenon, which depends on the ratio of gasoline component. Ignition timing of mixed fuel is retarded near the TDC and the ignition delay is increased according to ratio of gasoline.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2006

Currently, due to the serious world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is enforced more firmly and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become more severe. A new concept combustion technology that can reduce the NOx and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. Due to such social requirement, technologically advanced countries are making efforts to develop an environment-friendly vehicle engine at the nation-wide level in order to respond to the reinforced emission control. As a core combustion technology among new combustion technologies for the next generation engine, the homogenous charge compression ignition(HCCI) is expanding its application range by adopting multiple combustion mode, catalyst, direct fuel injection and partially premixed combustion. This study used a 2-staged injection method in order to apply the HCCI combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications in the aspect of multiple combustion mode and practicality by referring to the results of studies on the HCCI engine. In addition, this study confirmed the possibility of securing optimum fuel economy emission reduction in the IMEP 8bar range(which could not be achieved with existing partially premixed combustion) through forced charging, exhaust gas recirculation(EGR), compression ratio change and application of DOC catalyst.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.174-174
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• 2012

최근 농업용저수지의 경우 기상이변에 따른 수위조절을 위하여 다량의 수문을 일시에 개방하는 사례가 지역적으로 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 그에 따라 당초 목적인 농업용수를 위한 취수시설이 최근 홍수조절용으로 활용됨에 따른 취수시설 내 공동현상이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 공동현상으로 인해 수시설물의 안정성에 문제가 발생하고 그에 따른 2차 재해위험이 있을 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 공동현상 방지를 위해 취수시설 공기관 설계기준에 대하여 고찰하였다. 공동현상을 방지하고 홍수량을 적절하게 배제하기 위해서 유입되는 공기량산정식이 필요하다. 공기관 단면결정은 농업생산기반정비사업 설계기준(필댐)의 구조설계 부분에 정리되어 있지만 이는 이수측면에서 설계 및 시공이 진행됨에 따라서 취수에 대한 목적을 달성하기에는 어려움이 있다. 따라서 취수시설의 기능과 역할을 증대시키고자 취수시설 적정 공기관 설계를 분석하여 향후 신규, 개보수 및 현장 유지관리에 활용하기 위한 기초자료를 제시하였다. 이러한 공동현상 및 공기관 설계를 위하여 현장조사, 수치해석, 수리모형시험을 병행하여 문석하였다. 그 결과 취수탑의 형상변수와 수위에 대한 수치해석을 수행하여 변수가 소요공기량에 미치는 영향은 조절게이트 개폐율을 증가시킬수록 소요공기량이 증가하며, 약 80%의 개폐율에서 소요공기량이 최대가 되었다. 방수로 직경이 증가하면, 공기관 입구와 끝단의 압력차가 감소하여 소요공기량이 감소하고, 수위가 증가하면 소요공기량이 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 공동현상 방지를 위해 공기량 산정식은 취수터널에 연직수문이 설치되어 있는 6가지 흐름의 형태에 따라서 $/Q_w=0.04(F-1)^{0.85}$, $Q_a/Q_w=K(F-1)$, $Q_a/Q_w=0.014(F-1)^{1.4}$, $Q_a/Q_w=0.015(F-1)^{1.4}$의 관계식 중 적정한 것을 사용하여야 할 것으로 판단되며, 또한 공기관에 유입부의 허용부압은 수두로부터 1.0m이하로 하고, 공기관 내 풍속은 $45^m/s$를 기준으로 최대 $90^m/s$로 하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

이 논문의 목적은 LPG 자동차의 전자제어에 대한 요소의 하나인 액추에이터에 대한 고장사례를 찾아 분석하고 연구하는 것이다. 차량의 연료를 저장하는 봄 내부의 LPG 긴급 차단 솔레노이드 밸브의 필터가 막혀 연료의 공급이 간헐적으로 차단되는 현상이 발생되어 엔진이 작동하는 동안 엔진의 초기시동불량이나 가속이 되지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 엔진 컨트럴 릴레이 부위의 접점부가 가공불량이나 조립불량에 의해 완전한 면접촉이 되지않아 접촉저항이 발생되어 초기 시동을 걸었을 때 시동이 걸렸으나 재시동을 걸 때 시동이 걸리지 않는 현상을 확인하였다. 공회전 조절장치의 내부에 카본이 퇴적되어 액추에이터가 고착되어 흡입공기의 공급이 감소되어 자동차의 시동이 걸려 공회전 상태일 때 엔진의 회전수가 규정 범위를 벗어나 상승과 하락을 반복하는 불안정 상태를 확인하였다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.109-114
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• 2008

This paper presents the development status of a subscale precooled turbojet engine "S-engine" for the hypersonic cruiser and space place. S-engine employs the precooled-cycle using liquid hydrogen as fuel and coolant. It has $23cm{\times}23cm$ of rectangular cross section, 2.6 m of the overall length and about 100 kg of the target weight employing composite materials for a variable-geometry rectangular air-intake and nozzle. The design thrust and specific impulse at sea-level-static(SLS) are 1.2 kN and 2,000 sec respectively. After the system design and component tests, a prototype engine made of metal was manufactured and provided for the system firing test using gaseous hydrogen in March 2007. The core engine performance could be verified in this test. The second firing test using liquid hydrogen was conducted in October 2007. The engine, fuel supplying system and control system for the next flight test were used in this test. We verified the engine start-up sequence, compressor-turbine matching and performance of system and components. A flight test of S-engine is to be conducted by the Balloon-based Operation Vehicle(BOV) at Taiki town in Hokkaido in October 2008. The vehicle is about 5 m in length, 0.55 m in diameter and 500 kg in weight. The vehicle is dropped from an altitude of 40 km by a high-altitude observation balloon. After 40 second free-fall, the vehicle pulls up and S-engine operates for 60 seconds up to Mach 2. High altitude tests of the engine components corresponding to the BOV flight condition are also conducted.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2017

We studied on improvement method of rutin content using mulberry leaf powder. Mulberry leaves were collected and then hot-air dried and powdered for experiment. As a result, we have developed a pre-treatment method that extracts mulberry leaf powder with water or fermented alcohol with reflux extractor and then increases the rutin content by improving the process. Citric acid (0.1 ~ 1%) and 1000 ml fermented alcohol (50 ~ 95%) or water (10 ~ 50 times) was extracted with 100 g of mulberry leaf powder using a reflux extraction device ($80{\sim}90^{\circ}C$, 1 hour, twice). The extracts were collected, filtered and concentrated. For the recrystallization, the concentrate was dissolved by adding distilled water and allowed to stand at a low temperature. Then, the supernatant was discarded by centrifugation, and only the residue was lyophilized to prepare a final powder. As a result, regardless of the concentration of citric acid added, the content of rutin was higher in 90% fermented alcohol extract. Whereas, in the case of extracting with water, citric acid 0.5% was added to water 25 times as much as the weight of mulberry leaf powder, and 2274.4 (mg / 100g) of rutin content was highest in the case of refluxing twice at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The powder with increased rutin content is expected to be applicable to various foods as a food additive. In addition, it can contribute to the improvement of the farm income by promoting consumption of mulberry leaf while satisfying the consumers' desire for functional food intake.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제47권9호
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• pp.629-641
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• 2019

고온, 고압의 연소가스에 의해 유입되는 많은 열을 효과적으로 차단하여 고체 로켓 노즐의 공력형상을 최대한 유지하면서 구조물의 온도 상승을 일정수준 이하로 제한하기 위해 연소가스와 접하는 위치에 내삭마성이 우수한 C/C 복합재 등의 내열재를, 그 배면에는 열확산계수가 낮은 단열재를 적용한다. 내산화성이 우수한 SiC/SiC 복합재는 가스터빈 엔진에 적용되고 있으며, 경량화와 내열성 향상으로 인해 엔진 성능 증가에 기여하고 있다. 극초음속으로 비행하는 스크램제트는 흡입 공기 온도가 매우 높아서 흡열 연료를 냉각제로 사용하는 C/SiC 구조물 개발 연구가 수행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고체 로켓 노즐, 가스터빈 엔진 및 램제트/스크램제트 추진기관에 사용되는 다양한 내열 복합재의 특성, 적용사례 및 개발 동향을 고찰하였다.