• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2022

From independent swab samples of the cloaca of indigenous gamecocks (CIG), anus of healthy baby goats (AHG), and vagina of goats (VG) originating from Phitsanulok, Thailand, a total of 263 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were collected. Only three isolates, designated C707, G502, and V202, isolated from CIG, AHG, and VG, respectively, exhibited an excellent inhibitory zone diameter against foodborne pathogenic bacteria when evaluated by agar spot test. Isolates C707 and G502 were identified as Enterococcus faecium, whereas V202 was identified as Pediococcus acidilactici, based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. When foodborne pathogenic bacteria were co-cultured with chosen LAB in mixed BHI-MRS broth at 39℃, their growth was suppressed. These LAB were found to be capable of surviving in simulated stomach conditions. Only the isolate G502 was able to survive in the conditions of simulated intestinal juice. This research suggests that selected LAB could be used as a food/feed supplement to reduce foodborne pathogenic bacteria and improve the safety of animal-based food or feed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Pidan and salted duck eggs are of nutritional rich alternative duck egg products which are predominantly consumed in China, Thailand, South Korea and other Chinese migrated countries. Both eggs are rich in proteins, lipids, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals. A Pidan whole egg contains 13.1% of protein, 10.7% of fat, 2.25% of carbohydrate and 2.3% of ash, whereas the salted duck egg contains 14% of protein, 16.6% of fat, 4.1% of carbohydrate and 7.5% of ash. The fresh duck egg contains a range of 9.30-11.80% of protein, 11.40-13.52% of fat, 1.50-1.74% of sugar and 1.10-1.17% of ash. Proteins, lipids, and ash contents are found to be greatly enhanced during the pickling and salting process of pidan and salted duck eggs. However, the alkaline induced aggregation of pidan leads to degradation and subsequent generation of free peptides and amino acids. Very few amino acids are found to be lost during the pickling and storage. However, no such losses of amino acids are reported in salted duck eggs during the salting process of 14 d. Phospholipids and cholesterol contents are lower in pidan oil and salted duck egg yolk oil. Thus, the pidan and salted duck eggs are nutritionally rich alternatives of duck egg products which will benefit the human health during consumption.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1242-1251
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• 2020

Objective: The 3×3 factorial arrangement was used to investigate if either high water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) cultivars or suitable time of day that the grass cut could improve nutrient values and in vitro fermentation characteristics. Methods: The 3 cultivars were mowed at 3 diurnal time points and included a benchmark WSC ryegrass cultivar 'Premium', and 2 high WSC cultivars AberAvon and AberMagic, which contained, on average, 157, 173, and 193 g/kg dry matter (DM) of WSC, and 36.0, 36.5, and 34.1 g/kg DM of N during 7th regrowth stage, respectively. The fermentation jars were run at 39℃ with gas production recorded and sampled at 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 22, 28, 36, and 48 h. The rumen liquid was collected from 3 rumen fistulated cows grazing on ryegrass pasture. Results: High WSC cultivars had significantly greater WSC content, in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) and total gas production (TGP), and lower lag time than Premium cultivar. Methane production for AberMagic cultivar containing lower N concentration was marginally lower than that for AberAvon and Premium cultivars. Grass cut at Noon or PM contained greater WSC concentration, IVDMD and TGP, and lower N and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents, but CH₄ production was also increased, compared to grass cut in AM. Meanwhile, the effects of diurnal cutting time were influenced by cultivars, such as in vitro CH₄ production for AberMagic was not affected by cutting time. The IVDMD and gas production per unit of DM incubated were positively related to WSC concentration, WSC/N and WSC/NDF, respectively, and negatively related to N and NDF concentrations. Conclusion: These results imply either grass cut in Noon or PM or high WSC cultivars could improve nutrient values, IVDMD and in vitro TGP, and that AberMagic cultivar has a slightly lower CH₄ production compared to AberAvon and Premium. Further study is necessary to determine whether the increase of CH₄ production response incurred by shifting from AM cutting to Noon and/or PM cutting could be compensated for by high daily gain from increased WSC concentration and DM digestibility.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.790-804
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• 2024

This study compared the physicochemical properties of edible insect oils from silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupa (SP), sago palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) larva (PW), and bamboo caterpillar (Omphisa fuscidentalis; BC) to oils from chicken skin (CK), beef back fat (BF), pork back fat (PF), salmon belly (SB), sea bass belly (BB), coconut (C), and peanut (P). The fatty acid profiles and thermal behaviors (crystallization and melting) of the extracted oils were evaluated. PW and BC oils had more saturated fatty acids (SFAs) than CK, PF, SB, BB, and P oils. SP oil had equivalent SFA content to CK and BB oils. Insect oils exhibited similar monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations in all samples, except C oils. PW and BC oils exhibited a higher content of palmitoleic acid than the other oils. SP oils contained polyunsaturated fatty acids similar to those in SB and BB oils, which were higher than those in PW, BC, CK, BF, and PF oils. SP oil also exhibited the highest concentration of α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3). Arachidonic acid (0.01-0.02 g/100 g) in all insect oils was lower level compared to CK, BF, PF, SB, and BB oils. SP oil (0.03 g/100 g) exhibited a slightly higher level of eicosapentaenoic acid compared to PW (0.01 g/100 g) and BC (0.01 g/100 g) oils. The insect oils were liquid at ambient temperature, solid below -15℃, and required less energy (∆H_m-max) for melting than other samples. This study indicated that insects, particularly SP, could serve as an alternative source of fat to meet its growing demand.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2015

This study classifies the types of spatio-functional differentiation in Korean island areas and analyses typical characters and suggests the development directions by each type. Eup/Myeon-level island areas are classified as six types by the factor analysis and the cluster analysis. First type is the traditional rural center. This type puts emphasis on maintaining phase as the central space and has to maximize development potential of the whole of settlement zone. Second type is the specialized region in manufacturing industry and the qualitative mutual growth of regional industries is able to be suggested. Third type is the specialized region in the neighborhood service provision. This type needs to devise the plan for utilizing potential customers actively and developing into the region specialized in tourism industry. Fourth type is the specialized region in tourism-support service functions. This type has to promote differentiated policies for maintaining amenity infra or value of countryside capital and preservation and utilization of resources by regional features. Fifth type is the fishing industry-dominated region. This type has to promote sustainable fishery development through the policy reflecting regional features and condition. Finally, sixth type is the sluggish region dominated with the traditional agriculture and fishery. This type is needed to aim at developing into the new food production base having the advantage of clean environment by strengthening support in specialized agro-fishery products. The existing researches on spatio-functional differentiation were mostly discussed with respect to land development, but this study highlights the difference in deal with the island areas distinguished from the condition of industry.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2014

Purpose - The Korean government has revised the distribution industry development law to regulate large-scale retailer operations to protecting medium- and small-scale retailers and traditional markets. According to the revised law, large-scale retailers must follow regulations on operating hours and compulsory store closures two days per month. Based on the revised distribution industry development law, most local governments regulate operation hours and they have adopted compulsory closure programs for large-scale retail stores. However, it is argued that fresh food producers suffer from a decrease in sales based on the compulsory closure of stores operated by large-scale retailers. Large-scale retailers reduce their fresh food orders from agricultural and fishery producers because of the compulsory store closures. Fresh food producers also suffer from a decrease in prices because reduced orders lead to a decrease in auction prices based on the availability of excess goods in wholesale markets. This paper investigates the effects of operation regulations for large-scale retailers on agricultural producers by surveying agricultural and fishery producer organizations. Research design, data, methodology - A survey was conducted on 117 producer organizations of fruits and vegetables, cereals, fisheries, and livestock products from September 10 to October 4, 2012. Survey items are annual sales, shares of sales accounted for by large-scale retailers, reduction of orders and prices from large-scale retailers, methods to deal with the sales reduction, unfair trade practices of large-scale retailers, opinion of the large-scale retailer regulations, and so on. The average sales of the sampled producer organizations are 13.7 billion won and the average share of sales accounted for by large-scale retailers is 35.4%. Results - Survey results show that the sample producer organizations' sales decreased 10.1% because of the compulsory closures of stores operated by large-scale retailers. It is estimated that the total sales of producer organizations decreased 371.2 billion won because of the regulations on the operation of large-scale retailers. In addition to the direct effect of a sales decrease due to order reduction, agricultural and fishery producer organizations suffered from the secondary effect of price reduction in wholesale markets. When orders from large-scale retailers decreased, most agricultural and fishery producer organizations shipped redundant products to wholesale markets, decreasing auction prices. It was estimated that the price received decreased 21.9% when sold in other marketing channels. As producer organization sales decreased, it was reported that the labor force employed by producer organizations also decreased by 15.1%. Therefore, we can conclude that the regulations for large-scale retailer operations resulted in negative impacts on agricultural producers. Conclusions - Although the sales reduction due to the regulations for large-scale retailer operations are not great, the cumulative effects due to the continued compulsory closure of stores operated by large-scale retailers could be great. This paper suggests governmental programs that could help agricultural producer organizations to find new and effective marketing channels such as direct marketing, farmers' markets, exports, Internet shopping, and so on.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.473-478
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to screen and In vitro characterize the properties of bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from Vietnamese fermented pork (Nem chua). One hundred and fifty LAB were isolated from ten samples of Nem chua and screened for bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin was carried out by spot on lawn method against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. One isolate, assigned as KL-1, produced bacteriocin and showed inhibitory activity against Lactobacillus sakei, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Enterococcus faecalis. To characterize the bacteriocin-producing strain, optimum temperature, incubation period for maximum bacteriocin production and identification of bacteriocin-producing strain were determined. It was found that the optimum cultivation temperature of the strain to produce the maximum bacteriocin activity (12,800 AU/mL) was obtained at 30℃. Meanwhile, bacteriocin production at 6,400 AU/mL was found when culturing the strain at 37℃ and 42℃. The isolate KL-1 was identified as L. plantarum. Antimicrobial activity of cell-free supernatant was completely inhibited by proteolytic enzyme of trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and proteinase K. Bacteriocin activity was stable at high temperature up to 100℃ for 10 min and at 4℃ storage for 2 d. However, the longer heating at 100℃ and 4℃ storage, its activity was reduced.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.255-292
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• 2018

이 논문의 목적은 1990년대 발생한 광우병 위기 이후 유럽연합이 식품안전을 강화하기 위해 도입한 정책을 사회후생 및 정치경제적 관점에서 평가하는 것이다. 2002년 일반식품법 도입 이후 입법화된 식품안전과 관련된 공동체 법규들의 주요 특징은 모든 회원국이 반드시 지켜야하는 동시에 식품산업 전반에 적용되는 수평적 규제라는 것이다. 역선택 문제를 해결하거나 식품소비 시 발생하는 부정적 외부효과를 줄이기 위한 식품안전규제는 관련 식품 분야의 구체적인 수요 및 비용 조건에 따라 미세 조정되어야한다는 이론적 연구들에 비추어 볼 때 2002년 이후 강화된 식품안전관련 공동체 법규는 사회후생의 관점에서 과규제된 것이다. 본 연구에서는 정치경제적 관점을 택하여 유럽연합 회원국 정부들뿐만 아니라 식품가공 및 유통업자, 소비자, 농축산업자 등 다양한 이해집단이 공동체 식품안전 규제들을 수용하게 된 배경을 설명하고, 이 규제들이 비회원국, 특히 개발도상국 생산자들에게 보호주의적이었다는 것을 보여준다. 유럽연합의 설립목적이 기본적으로 단일시장을 형성하여 공동의 경제적 이득을 추구하는 것이라면 지나치게 제한적인 식품안전규제의 부정적 영향을 줄이기 위한 정책적 조치가 필요하다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2018

The effects of endophytic microbial inoculation and temperature on the phenolic content of tartary buckwheat (TP) sprouts were investigated. TP seeds were inoculated with Herbaspirillum spp. at concentrations (%v/v) of 0 (control), 10, 20, and 40% at 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$ in a growth chamber for seven days. It was observed that the phenolic content (PC) including flavonoid, rutin, and tanin increased with an increase in inoculant rate at $20^{\circ}C$, whereas the PC content increased with an increase in temperature regardless of the inoculant rate. Therefore, it is suggested that increasing the inoculant rate is effective at achieving higher phenolic contents when plants are grown at lower temperatures.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2020

본 연구는 논에 타 작물(사료작물)인 콩과 이탈리안 라이그라스, 콩과 감자, 콩과 보리의 작부체계를 신규 도입한 농가를 비교 분석하여 시사점을 도출하고, 기술적 해결사항 등을 파악하였다. 콩 및 이탈리안 라이그라스(IRG) 논 작부체계 수익성으로는 콩의 10a당 수량은 325kg이고, kg당 판매단가는 3,962원으로 총수입은 1,288천원이었다. IRG의 10a당 수량은 1,584kg이고, kg당 판매단가는 125원으로 총수입은 198천원이었다. 콩 10a당 소득은 284천원으로 소득률은 22.1%였다. IRG 10a당 소득은 ▽30천원이었다. 콩과 감자, 콩과 보리의 10a당 총수입은 각각 930,000원, 375,000이었다. 작부체계의 유형으로는 소득형 작부체계, 조사료의 생산형, 식량자급률 제고형, 기후변화 대응형, 등 다양한 작부체계 유형이 개발되고 있으나 권역별로 다양한 작부체계 모형은 부족한 상태이며, 대체작목 선정과 지역에 맞는 유형별 작부체계의 재배기술을 더 체계적으로 확립하여야 한다. 경지 이용률과 곡물자급률 등 중장기 목표를 가지고 끊임없는 관련 연구를 통한 작부체계의 기술적 확립이 필요한 시점이라고 할 수 있다.