• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.205-219
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• 2019

It is more important than ever to have talent with innovative capacities for sustainable agriculture and rural areas, but adolescents's interest in and understanding of agriculture and rural areas is very low. Therefore, this study analyzed the experiences of participants in the Agriculture Career Exploration Activities Program. and suggests strategies to improve and revitalize agricultural education based on these findings. First, Institutions and facilities that run agricultural education programs need opportunities for self-checks. Second, it is necessary to develop various contents and its distribution channels to enable the experience related to it in daily life. Third, it is important to provide experience in the middle school curriculum, which requires the use of a system such as the Free Semester System. Fourth, education and promotion to parents and teachers is also important, as it has a direct impact on youth's perception of it.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.411-422
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• 2020

Background and objective: This study was conducted to find out the effects of healing farm resources and participant satisfaction on the level of stress and loyalty. Methods: The experiment was conducted on 18 subjects who participated in agro-healing activities (aged 49.5 years on average) and the concentration of cortisol, the level of stress and satisfaction with the services and program of a healing farm. The healing-agriculture activities were performed once a week, a total of 7 sessions, for 90 minutes and their saliva was collected before and after the activities. Results: The concentration of cortisol, a stress hormone, was statistically significantly reduced after the healing-agriculture activities in 5 out of 7 sessions. The total cortisol concentration showed statistically significant differences. The 6th session was comprised of different activities, compared to others, such as understanding weeds, managing a garden and making a pizza with fermentation enzymes, and the level of cortisol in the 6th session was the lowest after participating in the agro-healing activities, which indicated that the activities have the positive effect of lowering the level of stress. The level of stress was lowered from 18.39 to 16.78, which was consistent with the results of the concentration of cortisol. The level of satisfaction in the last session was below 50%, which indicated that the owner of the farm might be a little inexperienced in education and marketing on information and safety. The variables of participants including stress and satisfaction with services showed a strong influence on their loyalty. Conclusion: Satisfaction with services and loyalty to the healing farm showed a very high correlation, which was statistically significant. It also showed that participants' stress level and satisfaction with the services and program of the healing farm have a strong influence on their loyalty.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2021

This study aims to examine agricultural college students' perception of readiness and barriers towards implementation of ICT program. Data were gathered from 175 student of agricultural college in Korea. Descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA were applied to analyze the data. Results reveal that technology usefulness perception scores were high among the readiness components, but students readiness and school infrastructure readiness were low. Results also shows that policy and technology factors were also seen as the main barriers of ICT program implementation. Findings show that demographic variables did not significantly affect readiness and obstacles. The results of this study can provide guidance to the government or agricultural college organizations when considering readiness and barriers towards implementing ICT programs. In addition, this study contributes to improve the theory of adoption behavior and contributes to the foundation for future research aimed at improving our understanding of agricultural college students' behavior.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2022

NADPH oxidase (Nox) complexes are known to play essential roles in differentiation and proliferation of many filamentous fungi. However, the functions of Noxs have not been elucidated in Colletotrichum species. Therefore, we set out to characterize the roles of Nox enzymes and their regulators in Colletotrichum scovillei, which causes serious anthracnose disease on pepper fruits in temperate and subtropical and temperate region. In this study, we generated targeted deletion mutants for CsNox1, CsNox2, CsNoxR, and CsNoxD via homologous recombination. All deletion mutants were normal in mycelial growth, conidiation, conidial germination, and appressorium formation, suggesting that CsNox1, CsNox2, CsNoxR, and CsNoxD are not involved in those developmental processes. Notably, conidia of 𝜟Csnox2 and 𝜟Csnoxr, other than 𝜟Csnox1 and 𝜟Csnoxd, failed to cause anthracnose on intact pepper fruits. However, they still caused normal disease on wounded pepper fruits, suggesting that Csnox2 and CsnoxR are essential for penetration-related morphogenesis in C. scovillei. Further observation proved that 𝜟Csnox2 and 𝜟Csnoxr were unable to form penetration peg, while they fully developed appressoria, revealing that defect of anthracnose development by 𝜟Csnox2 and 𝜟Csnoxr resulted from failure in penetration peg formation. Our results suggest that CsNox2 and CsNoxR are critical for appressorium-mediated penetration in C. scovillei-pepper fruit pathosystem, which provides insight into understanding roles of Nox genes in anthracnose disease development.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 1993

Environmental hazards of a chemical could be assessed by two different approaches : toxicity test and assessment of exposure potentials to human and environmental organisms. For the prediction of environmental fate of chemicals three available computer programs were compared each other and were verified. The results obtained by using these computer programs, PCHEM, EXAMS, and E4CHEM were summarized as follows. The estimated octanol/water partition coefficients by PCHEM were similar to the experimental values in the literature. But the other factors, water solubility and vapor pressure were different from the data in the literature. The simulation results of selected compounds by EXAMS showed similar tendency to the literature results of model field environment. Therefore, this computer program could be utilized to predict the environmental fate of chemicals. E4CHEM program is very simple and this program could predict the ultimate environmental fate of stable chemicals by input of two or three parameters. However, the validity should further be verified in the future field study using more compounds. It is suggested that these approaches could be fully utilized by understanding their limitations to predict the environmental fate of new chemicals under development, to screen the potential environmental pollutants among chemicals already-in use, and to devise measures to minimize the hazards to the environment.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.371-384
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to investigate the present of agricultural extension education implemented in agricultural colleges since 1993 and to explore the development directions for strengthening the agricultural extension education in Korea. The Advanced Agricultural Management Program (AAMP), College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University is a rural adult education program for selected young farmers as a part of university extension education. The AAMP offers classes to farmers to improve their managerial skills in farming including high-technology agriculture, farm management, communication and information, and also offers various classes in the area of social, economic, and cultural affairs to improve leadership. Since the innovative AAMP started in March 1993 at the Seoul National University, 18 local national and private universities have adopted this model within six months to a year period. The AAMPs are integration of formal education with extension education, and expected develop understanding of the problems of rural areas and a strategic model for rural development. The programs are expected to contribute to develop human resources in agriculture and rural society, activate university extension, and lead the balanced development between urban and rural sectors in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2021

To establish an infection, fungal pathogens must recognize diverse signals from host surfaces. The rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the best models studying host-pathogen interactions. This fungus recognizes physical or chemical signals from the host surfaces and initiates the development of an infection structure called appressorium. Here, we found that protein MoAfo1(appressorium formation, MGG_10422) was involved in sensing signal molecules such as cutin monomers and long chain primary alcohols required for appressorium formation. The knockout mutant (ΔMoafo1) formed a few abnormal appressoria on the onion and rice sheath surfaces. However, it produced normal appressoria on the surface of rice leaves. MoAfo1 localized to the membranes of the cytoplasm and vacuole-like organelles in conidia and appressoria. Additionally, the ΔMoafo1 mutant showed defects in appressorium morphology, appressorium penetration, invasive growth, and pathogenicity. These multiple defects might be partially due to failure to respond properly to oxidative stress. These findings broaden our understanding of the fungal mechanisms at play in the recognition of the host surface during rice blast infection.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2012

Understanding climate change is not only complex but also extensive. Humanity has never embarked on such a huge challenge of trans-national scope: a problem that began in the past continues now and will be continuing for a long time in the future. Nepalese have also significantly felt the impact of global climate change. The scenarios of climate change indicate that the increased temperatures will cause snow-melt which will result in floods, droughts, and uneven weather patterns. The impact of such unexpected climate hazards and weather patterns have already been felt and will continue to be felt in Nepal. These climate change-induced hazards and risks particularly threaten the agriculture sector, which results in food insecurity and makes poor and vulnerable people face increasingly unanticipated impacts to their lives and wellbeing. This paper explores the climate vulnerability of the Nepalese in terms of their physical, social, economic and primarily agricultural losses due to the increasing impact of climate change. The paper argues the need for a timely adaptation of measures to maintain an environment suitable for agriculture and for the well-being of the population residing in the area.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.205-233
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• 2013

이 연구는 청소년들의 농업 농촌에 대한 인식 정도를 측정하고 향후 청소년들이 농업과 농촌에 대해 긍정적인 인식을 제고하기 위한 발전적 개선방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 4-H회에서 실시하고 있는 농심함양 프로그램 중 '벼화분재배'와 '그린프로그램'에 참여한 청소년들과 일반청소년들과의 인식의 차이를 검증하였다. 프로그램 참가 청소년들은 농업의 중요성과 수입개방, 농촌이 겪고 있는 어려움에 대해 대체로 잘 이해하고 있었으며, 농업과 농촌의 다원적 기능에 대해서도 식량안보와 환경보전 등에 대해 매우 중요하게 생각하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 일반 청소년들은 농업 농촌이 당면한 문제에 대해 관심이 없거나 잘 모르고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 외국산 농산물의 수입을 제한하는 것에 대해서도 반대하는 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 조사를 바탕으로 청소년들의 농업 농촌에 대한 관심과 이해 확대와 4-H회 활동의 내실화를 위한 발전방안을 제시하면, 첫째, 일부 프로그램에 대한 이수제 확대와 제도적 정착, 둘째, 활동프로그램 활성화를 위한 네트워크 구축, 셋째, 지도교사의 전문성 향상을 위한 지원 확대, 넷째, 일반 청소년들에 대한 농심함양 프로그램 확대 시행 등이 있다.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

The Asian food market has been growing recently, due to the role played by major Asian countries, which include Korea, China, and Japan. This study is purposed to investigate the potential of the food market in these Northeast Asian countries and to suggest future direction for global food companies. For in-depth analysis, this study is limited in scope to the confectionery market and analyzes that market within two frameworks: first, the 'Market Attractiveness Matrix' which transforms the 'BCG Matrix' to fit into the food market in order to analyze the flow in the Asian confectionery market; and second, analysis of the potential growth of the market using a Category Development Index (CDI), which aids in understanding the growth potential of a market. The European food market has recently reached its capacity and is now experiencing a low growth rate (Data Monitor, 2011). It is time for food companies to find a new 'blue ocean' to avoid fierce competition in the mature markets of Europe. Therefore, this analysis of the confectionery market, using the Market Attractiveness Matrix and CDI will suggest opportune directions for global food companies.