• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1681-1689
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• 2011

The beneficial effects of tea catechins (TCs) are related not only to their antioxidant potential but also to the improvement of animal meat quality. In this study, we assessed the effects of dietary TC supplementation on plasma biochemical parameters, hormone responses, and glutathione redox status in goats. Forty Liuyang goats were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 animals/group) that were assigned to four experimental diets with TC supplementation at 4 levels (0, 2,000, 3,000 or 4,000 mg TC/kg DM feed). After a 60-day feeding trial, all goats were slaughtered and sampled. Dietary TC treatment had no significant effect on blood biochemical parameters, however, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.01), plasma urea nitrogen (p<0.01), and glucose (p<0.001) decreased and total protein (p<0.01) and albumin (p<0.05) increased with the feeding time extension, and day 20 was the turning point for most of changes. Interactions were found in glutathione (p<0.001) and the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (p<0.05) in whole blood between treatment and feeding time. Oxidized glutathione in blood was reduced (p<0.05) by 2,000 mg TC/kg feed supplementation, and a similar result was observed in longissimus dorsi muscle. Though plasma glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01) and glutathione reductase (p<0.05) activities were affected by treatment and feeding time interactions, and glutathione S-transferases activity increased with feeding day extension, no changed values appeared in longissimus dorsi muscle. In conclusion, dietary TC supplementation affected the concentrations of some blood metabolites and accelerated GSH depletion in the blood of goats. In terms of less high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the highest insulin and IGF-I concentrations, the highest ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione in plasma, the dosage of 2,000 mg TC/kg feed might be desirable for growing goats to prevent glutathione depletion and keep normal physiological metabolism.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.232-237
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• 2009

The expression of SGLT-1 mRNA has been reported in the small intestine of mammals and the rectum of chickens. However, the expression and functional significance of SGLT-1 in bovine rectum is not known. In this study, we studied the effects of fasting and grazing on SGLT-1 gene expression in biopsy epithelial tissue of bovine rectum. In Japanese Black beef cattle, i) SGLT-1 gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR in the biopsy rectal epithelia samples obtained through an endoscope, ii) SGLT-1 gene expression in the rectal epithelial tissues increased at 48 and 72 h after fasting correlating with a decrease in body weight. iii) SGLT-1 gene expression decreased after one month from the start of grazing (May to June) and then stabilized until the end of the grazing period (June to October) in the rectal epithelial tissues of grazing cattle. In conclusion, it is clear that SGLT-1 gene expression in the rectal epithelial tissue is increased by a restricted dietary condition.

• Proceedings of KHEA Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.61-61
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• 1997

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 1998

Recent identification and characterization of plant homeobox genes suggest that they play important roles in morphogenetic events. OSH1, one of the rice homeobox genes, is thought to be related to organ development since the changes of OSH1 gene expression cause morphological abnormalities of leaves by the ectopic expression and is expressed during early embryogenesis. In this experiment, the expression pattern of OSH1 was analyzedinmutants by in situ hybridization, and OSH1's potential as a molecular marker was explored. Region-specific expression of OSH1 during early embryogenesis shows that OSH1 could be used as a molecular marker for characterizing embryo mutants. Although several organless and shootless mutants showed normal expression of OSM1, some mutants exhibited abnormal expression patterns. In a minute organless cle1-1 embryo whose epidermis resembled morphologically the epithelium of scutellum, OSH1 expression was limited to a small basal region. This expression pattern suggests the gross deletion of the basal part. In a radicleless mutant, odm115, OSH1 expression was detected in a basal region instead of subcentral region of the ventral side. Together with other characteristics (short embryo and normal adventitious roots), odm115 was estimated to be derived from the deletion of basal region. Among five shootless mutants, three showed normal expression of OSH1. In the shl2 embryo, no expression of OSH1 was observed. In the shl1 embryo, however, OSH1 expression was extended to a dorsal side, indicating that SHL2 might be related to dorsoventral patterning. The above results of in situ hybrydization clearly indicate that OSH1 can be utilized as a marker for characterizing gene functions of embryo mutants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.219-233
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• 2019

Soybean cultivars susceptible to Phytophthora root and stem rot are vulnerable to seed rot and damping-off of seedlings and young plants following an infection by Phytophthora sojae. In this study, the disease responses of Japanese soybean cultivars including currently grown main cultivars during the early growth stages were investigated following infections by multiple P. sojae isolates from Japanese fields. The extent of the resistance to 17 P. sojae isolates after inoculations at 14, 21, and 28 days after seeding varied significantly among 18 Japanese and two US soybean cultivars. Moreover, the disease responses of each cultivar differed significantly depending on the P. sojae isolate and the plant age at inoculation. Additionally, the treatment of 'Nattosyo-ryu' seeds with three fungicidal agrochemicals provided significant protection from P. sojae when plants were inoculated at 14-28 days after seeding. These results indicate that none of the Japanese soybean cultivars are completely resistant to all tested P. sojae isolates during the first month after sowing. However, the severity of the disease was limited when plants were inoculated during the later growth stages. Furthermore, the protective effects of the tested agrochemicals were maintained for at least 28 days after the seed treatment. Japanese soybean cultivars susceptible to Phytophthora root and stem rot that are grown under environmental conditions favorable for P. sojae infections require the implementation of certain practices, such as seed treatments with appropriate agrochemicals, to ensure they are protected from P. sojae during the early part of the soybean growing season.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2004

Recently, the population growth, industrial and agricultural development are rapidly undergoing in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) in Texas. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) composed of the 4 counties and three of them are interesting for Non-point and point source pollutant modeling: Starr, Cameron, and Hidalgo. Especially, the LRGV is an intensively irrigation region, and Texas A&M University Agriculture Program and the New Mexico State University College of Agriculture applied irrigation district program (Guy Fipps and Craig Pope, 1998), projects in GIS and Hydrology based agricultural water management systems and assessment of prioritized protecting stream network, water quality and rehabilitation based on water saving potential in Rio Grande River. In the LRGV region, where point and non-point sources of pollution may be a big concern, because increasing fertilizers and pesticides use and population cause. This project objective seeks to determine the accumulation of non-point and point source and discuss the main impacts of agriculture and environmental concern with water quality related to pesticides, fertilizer, and nutrients within LRGV region. The GIS technique is widely used and developed for the assessment of non-point source pollution in LRGV region. This project shows the losses in kg/$km^2$/year of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TN (total Nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) in the runoff from the surface of LRGV.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2019

Objective: Uncoupling protein 3 gene (UCP3) is a candidate gene associated with the meat quality of pigs. The aim of this study was to explore the regulation mechanism of UCP3 expression and provide a theoretical basis for the research of the function of porcine UCP3 gene in meat quality. Methods: Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) were used to analyze the methylation of UCP3 5′-flanking region and UCP3 mRNA expression in the adipose tissue or skeletal muscle of three pig breeds at different ages (1, 90, 210-day-old Putian Black pig; 90-day-old Duroc; and 90-day-old Dupu). Results: Results showed that two cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) islands are present in the promoter region of porcine UCP3 gene. The second CpG island located in the core promoter region contained 9 CpG sites. The methylation level of CpG island 2 was lower in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of 90-day-old Putian Black pigs compared with 1-day-old and 210-day-old Putian Black pigs, and the difference also existed in the skeletal muscle among the three 90-day-old pig breeds. Furthermore, the obvious changing difference of UCP3 mRNA expression was observed in the skeletal muscle of different groups. However, the difference of methylation status and expression level of UCP3 gene was not significant in the adipose tissue. Conclusion: Our data indicate that UCP3 mRNA expression level was associated with the methylation status of UCP3 promoter in the skeletal muscle of pigs.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.309-320
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• 2016

This study has systematically classified established the agricultural management risks from the agricultural company's position and analyzed their counterplan situation in order to seek measures to counteract this. The AHP & IPA technique were used as an analysis method concerning the evaluation results. The counterplan situation was deduced through an interview investigation of 112 farmers who produce cabbage, white radish, onion, garlic, chili, and 6 other such items in order to stereotype the risks. If the agricultural companies' management capacity is raised in accordance to the risk counterplan deduced from this study, and the risks of agricultural management activity are avoided ahead of time or counter means are activated, we can anticipate the stabilization of agricultural management.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare the storage and post-storage changes of Cheorwon onions and onions for each region. Onion is a perennial plant belonging to the lily family. It is native to Persia of Southwest Asia. It is cultivated much in the temperate regions of the world. Cheorwon area is inland, but it has high continental climate due to its high altitude. Therefore it is said that the onion cultivated in this region has higher sugar content and higher taste than onion grown in southern region. Although the results of onion storage experiments in Cheorwon, Muan, Buan, and Changnyeong regions did not show much difference in weight, width, and height measurements before and after storage, Brix was reduced by approximately 1-2 brix. Before and after storing in each region, Brix was the highest in Cheorwon, Changnyeong, Buan, and Muan, and after saving, onions in Cheorwon were the same order. After each region was stored, the results showed that Cheorwon (112.3g), Muan (106g), Buan (102.1g) and Changnyeong (92.6g) had the highest hardness. Cold storage tests show that onions contain the least amount of corruption in paper boxes, while Cheorwon onions have the lowest level of corruption in other areas.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2011

In order to confirm the presence of putative glucoamylase gene in Tricholoma matsutake genome, the genomic DNA was prepared from T. matsutake NBRC30773 strain and was used as template to clone the glucoamylases gene (TmGlu1). We obtained the nucleotide sequence of TmGlu1 and its franking region. The coding region (from ATG to stop codon) is 2,186 bp. The locations of exons and introns were determined from the nucleotide sequences of 3'- and 5'-RACE PCR and RT-PCR products. On the other hand, to investigate the relationship between composition of medium and glucoamylase expression, we checked the expression level of glucoamylase gene by realtime reverse transcription PCR and measurement of glucoamylase enzyme activity. It was found that enzyme activity of glucoamylase was very low in different medium. Expression of glucoamylases gene appeared to not be affected by different carbon source.