• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.272-276
• /
• 1998

Sheep and goats in Pakistan have not been able to produce to the best of their potential. This may primarily be attributed to under feeding and malnutrition. Ranges have been depleted due to overgrazing and mismanagement and are not in position to feed the existing small ruminant population. To overcome the shortage of good quality fodder and balanced feed supply, the alternate means like cereal straws and other crop residues are being commonly used. Sunflower crop residues like stalks and heads provide a good quality forage for livestock. These crop byproducts are rich in crude protein and lower in crude fibre. Their inclusion in the diet of small ruminants at 20, 30 and 40 percent levels in ration has shown significantly (p < 0.05) increased feed intake and weight gain. Daily feed intake was 1,130, 1,180 and 1,750 g for sunflower crop residue, soybean crop residue and wheat straw, respectively, when added at the rate of 20 percent in the ration. The drymatter digestibility of sunflower, soybean crop residues and wheat straw was also comparable. The maximum performance of the animals was observed at the 20 percent level of inclusion of sunflower crop residue in the diet.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.26 no.1 s.84
• /
• pp.47-50
• /
• 1998

The cheaper and high-quality media are necessary to produce the year-round mushroom. For low input and high productivity, this experiment was carried out to screen the proper supplementary materials on media among agricultural by-products; bean-curd residues, dried orange peel, chinese drug residues and celery cabbage leaf. Judging by chemico-physicals, the used agricultural by-products was possible for an additives on mushroom media. Bean-curd residues added to media raised the amount of organic matter, nitrogen and carbon. In Pleurotus ostreatus, the conventional media yielded 20 pilus cap, 72g per a bottle, but adding 10 percent bean-curd residues produced 12 pilus cap, 77g and an increase yielded 7%, and 10 percent orange peel took 12 pilus cap and an increase yieled 11%. In Agrocybe aegerita, added to media, except chinese drug residues, increased performance compared with conventional media, produced 98g per a bottle. Especially, the bean-curd residue increase 15 percent in productivity.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.247-263
• /
• 2016

Safe animal feed is important for the health of animals, the environment and for the safety of foods of animal origin. Therefore, the aims of this study were: 1) to validate simultaneous analytical method and 2) to investigate the amount of pesticide residues in animal feed from Republic of Korea as a part of official control. A total of 126 samples were collected in 2015 and analyzed for 105 pesticides. According to pesticides monitoring result, no residue was found in 84.1% of the samples, whereas 15.9% of samples contained pesticide residues below the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Pirimiphos-methyl and cyproconazole were the two most frequently found pesticides. The results show that all commercial feed monitored in 2015 were safe under the Korean MRL and occurrence of pesticide residues in animal feed could not be considered serious threats to human and animal health. However, continuous monitoring with tighter regulation for pesticide residues in animal feed is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.570-574
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to assess $N_2O$ emissions in agricultural soils of Korea under the 1996 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) methodology. $N_2O$ emissions in agricultural soils were calculated the sum of direct emission and indirect emission by the N sources and emissions by field burning of crop residues. $N_2O$ emission was highest in animal manure as 1,547 $CO_2$-eq Gg. Indirect emissions by atmospheric deposition and leaching and runoff were 1,463 and 1,753 $CO_2$-eq Gg, respectively. $N_2O$ emission by field burning of crop residues was highest in pepper due to the residue/crop ratio and field burning ratio.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.116-121
• /
• 2000

Photosensitizing activities of some selected photosensitizers (PS) on the artificial diminution of pesticide residues on red pepper were investigated. Red peppers were sprayed 4 times with the three fungicides, dithianon, triflumizole, and triforine, according to the conventional method, followed by the application of photosensitizers once. Recoveries for the analyses of the pesticide residues were high $(90.7{\sim}98.5%)$ except for dithianon $(76.6{\sim}78.3%)$. In case of dithianon, after 1 day of the application of PS-1 (10 ppm), the residual amount was 76% of that of the control. For triflumizole, the residual amount after 3 days of the application of PS-4 (50 ppm) accounted for 48% of that of the control. In case of triforine, the residual amount after 1 day of the application of PS-3 (100 ppm) was 55% of that of the control. The results indicated that the photosensitizing activities of photosensitizers varied with chemicals and the matrices where pesticide residues are remaining.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 2010

A gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed to determine residues of captan, folpet, captafol, and chlorothalonil, known as broad-spectrum protective fungicides for the official purpose. All the fungicide residues were extracted with acetone containing 3% phosphoric acid from representative samples of five agricultural products which comprised rice, soybean, apple, pepper, and cabbage. The extract was diluted with saline, and dichloromethane partition was followed to recover the fungicides from the aqueous phase. Florisil column chromatography was additionally employed for final cleanup of the extracts. The analytes were then determined by gas chromatography using a DB-1 capillary column with electron capture detection. Reproducibility in quantitation was largely enhanced by minimization of adsorption or thermal degradation of analytes during GLC analysis. Mean recoveries generated from each crop sample fortified at two levels in triplicate ranged from 89.0~113.7%. Relative standard deviations (RSD) were all less than 10%, irrespective sample types and fortification levels. As no interference was found in any samples, limit of quantitation (LOQ) was estimated to be 0.008 mg/kg for the analytes except showing higher sensitivity of 0.002 mg/kg for chlorothalonil. GC/Mass spectrometric method using selected-ion monitoring technique was also provided to confirm the suspected residues. The proposed method was reproducible and sensitive enough to determine the residues of captan, folpet, captafol, and chlorothalonil in agricultural commodities for routine analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
• /
• 1993.05a
• /
• pp.20-32
• /
• 1993

Although the importance of agricultural sector decreased over the last several decades because of the economic growth in Korea led by the development of manufacturing sector, the biomass energy resources such as urban wastes, industrial wastes including agricultural residues emerged recently as a major target of development mainly because of environmental issues. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2010

Allelopathic activity of rotation crop residues to common weeds and selectivity of crops were studied for developing an alternative weed control strategy in upland organic farming. All rotation crop residues with various ratios suppressed weed growth, but the growth of crop species stimulated a little when those were grown with the mixture of rotation crop residues except a few crop species. Among the rotation crop residues used in this study hairy vetch was the most effective, followed by Chinese milkvetch, barley and rye in suppression of weed growth. The 90:10 (crop:soil, v/v) treatments incorporation rate of crop residues such as hairy vetch and Chinese milkvetch suppressed completely the growth of all weed species tested in this study. The effect of crop residues on suppression of weed growth reduced to 90% when the incorporation rates decreased to 60% [60:40 (crop:soil, v/v). It was noticed that broadleaf weed species were more susceptible to rotation crop residues than grass weed species. In the influence of crop residues on the crop growth, no growth inhibition was found in red pepper, lettuce and perllia at any incorporation rates, but tomato, cucumber and corn were slightly inhibited in a few cases at their highest incorporation levels. This study demonstrated that rotation crop residues especially hairy vetch and Chinese milkvetch have high herbicidal effects against weeds without inhibiting the growth of crop species.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.297-304
• /
• 1994

This study was carried out to develop bioassay for detection of pesticide residues in agricultural products by using the soil microbial isolates sensitive to pesticides. One hundred bacterial isolates and eighty five fungal isolates were obtained from soil and their sensitivity to 10 ppm of several pesticides was examined in vitro. Five bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates were found sensitive to organochloride fungicide and two fungal isolates sensitive to organocopper fungicide. Among these isolates, B46, B93 and F67 were tested to find out the difference in sensitivity according to the methods of fungicide treatment. All of the isolates were found sensitive to 10 ppm of organochloride fungicides mixed directly in PDA. But they were found insensitive to the fungicide mixed in PDA after filtering through membrane filter. In case of organocopper fungicide, the isolates were found sensitive only when it was treated in PDA. And their sensitivity showed difference among various kinds of organochloride fungicides. B46 and B93 were employed to check the possibility as the agent for detection of the pesticidal residues in twenty eight agricultural products including rice. It was found that all samples had not residues because the samples did not inhibit the growth of isolates. When organochloride fungicides were applied to the above products, it was possible to detect the residues in fruits and vegetables at the concentration of 10 ppm, but not in starch-rich grains. B46 and B93 were identified as Bacillus sp. according to their bacterial characteristics in culture.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.160-165
• /
• 2011

Monitoring of pesticide residues were conducted at three sites in the Southern Area of Seoul, Korea (Gang-nam, Gang-dong and Song-pa). We measured pesticide residues within soil samples using multi-pesticide residues analysis. Samples were collected at the three sites with 60 sampling spots. The amount of pesticide residues in the soil samples were as follows [(minimum-maximum), mg/kg] endosulfan 0.002-0.999, procymidone 0.002-1.200, diazinon 0.003-0.024, metalaxyl 0.012-0.075. In soil treated with 0.445 mg/kg of endosulfan, the pesticide absorbed by chamnamul, was 0.157 mg/kg (Absorption rate : 35.3%). However, in soil treated with 0.358 mg/kg of endosulfan, the pesticide absorbed by lettuce, was 0.004 mg/kg (Absorption rate : 1.1%).