• Title/Summary/Keyword: Agricultural pesticides

Search Result 713, Processing Time 0.032 seconds

Studies on Persistence of Pesticides in Soils and Crops under Polyethylene Film Mulching Culture;III. Persistence of Soil Insecticides Endosulfan, Fonofos and Ethoprophos (폴리에틸렌 멀칭재배시(栽培時) 농약(農藥)의 토양(土壤) 및 작물체중(作物體中) 잔류(殘留)에 관한 연구(硏究);제(第)3보(報) 토양살충제 Endosulfan, Fonofos, Ethoprophos의 잔류성(殘留性))

  • Ryang, Hwan-Seung;Moon, Young-Hee;Kim, Nak-Eung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
    • /
    • v.7 no.1
    • /
    • pp.8-13
    • /
    • 1988
  • This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyethylene film(P.E.) mulching on degradation of the soil insecticides, endosulfan(6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide), fonofos(O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate), and ethorprophos(O-ethyl S, S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate) in red pepper, peanut, and sesame fields. Degradation of endosulfan, fonofos and ethoprophos in the soils under P.E. mulching and non-mulching followed first-order kinetics. The half-lives of fonofos, ethoprophos, ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-endosulfan$ were $19{\sim}21$, $25{\sim}37$, $33{\sim}39$ and $56{\sim}81$ days, respectively. There were few differences in the half-lives of fonofos in either mulching or non-mulching concitions. However, half-lives of α-endosulfan, ethoprophos, and ${\beta}-endosulfan$ were 6, 12 and 25 days longer under P.E. mulching than under non-mulching conditions, respectively. The effect of P.E. mulching on degradation was remarkable for the slower degrading insecticides. Residues of ethoprophos in the harvested sesame under P.E. mulching and non-mulching conditions were 0.024 and 0.074ppm, respectively. Residues of fonofos in the harvested peanuts under P.E. mulching and non-mulching conditions were 0.078 and 0.017ppm, respectively. However, no endosulfan was detected in the harvested red peppers under either condition.

  • PDF

Determination and Validation of an Analytical Method for Dichlobentiazox in Agricultural Products with LC-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS를 이용한 농산물 중 Dichlobentiazox 시험법 개발 및 검증)

  • Gu, Sun Young;Lee, Han Sol;Park, Ji-Su;Lee, Su Jung;Shin, Hye-Sun;Kang, Sung Eun;Chung, Yun Mi;Choi, Ha Na;Yoon, Sang Soon;Jung, Young-Hyun;Yoon, Hae Jung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
    • /
    • v.40 no.2
    • /
    • pp.108-117
    • /
    • 2021
  • BACKGROUND: Dichlobentiazox is a newly registered pesticide in Korea as a triazole fungicide and requires establishment of an official analysis method for the safety management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the residual analysis method of dichlobentiazox for the five representative agricultural products. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three QuEChERS methods were applied to establish the extraction method, and the EN method was finally selected through the recovery test. In addition, various adsorbent agents were applied to establish the clean-up method. As a result, it was found that the recovery of the tested pesticide was reduced when using the d-SPE method with PSA and GCB, but C18 showed an excellent recovery. Therefore this method was established as the final analysis method. For the analysis, LC-MS/MS was used with consideration of the selectivity and sensitivity of the target pesticide and was operated in MRM mode. The results of the recovery test using the established analysis method and inter laboratory validation showed a valid range of 70-120%, with standard deviation and coefficient of variation of less than 3.0% and 11.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Dichlobentiazox could be analyzed with a modified QuEChERS method, and the method determined would be widely available to ensure the safety of residual pesticides in Korea.

Improvement of an Analytical Method for Fluoroimide Residue in Agricultural Products Using LC-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS를 이용한 농산물 중 Fluoroimide의 잔류농약 분석법 개선)

  • Kim, Nam Young;Park, Eun-Ji;Shim, Jae-Han;Lee, Jung Mi;Jung, Yong Hyun;Oh, Jae-Ho
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.36 no.3
    • /
    • pp.220-227
    • /
    • 2021
  • Fluoroimide is a fungicide and is also used as a pesticide for persimmons and potatoes. The established fluoroimide pesticide analysis method takes a long time to perform and uses benzene, a carcinogen. In addition, a lower limit of quantification is required due to enforcement of the Positive List System. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the analysis method for residual fluoroimide to resolve the problems associated with the current method. The analytical method was improved with reference to the increased stability of fluoroimide under acidic conditions. Fluoroimide was extracted under acidic conditions by hydrogen chloride (4 N) and acetic acid. MgSO4 and NaCl were used with acetonitrile. C18 (octadecylsilane) 500 mg and graphitized carbon black 40 mg were used in the purification process. The experiment was conducted with agricultural products (hulled rice, potato, soybean, mandarin, green pepper), and liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry was used for the instrumental analysis. Recovery of fluoroimide was 85.7-106.9% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 15.6%. This study reports an improved method for the analysis of fluoroimide that might contribute to safety by substituting the use of benzene, a harmful solvent. Furthermore, the use of QuEChERS increased the efficiency of the improved method. Finally, this research confirmed the precise limit of quantification and these results could be used to improve the analysis of other residual pesticides in agricultural products.

Low Dose Effect and Non Monotonic Dose Responses(NMDRs) and its Medical Meaning - Focusing on A New Paradigm of Dose-Response Relationship - (Low Dose Effect와 Non Monotonic Dose Responses(NMDRs) 그리고 의학적 의미 - 용량-반응관계의 새로운 패러다임을 중심으로 -)

  • Sung, Angela Dongmin;Shin, Jeeyoun;Lee, Seungeun;Park, Songmi;Oh, Yeonji;Lee, Sundong
    • Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
    • /
    • v.20 no.1
    • /
    • pp.145-159
    • /
    • 2016
  • Objectives : The aim was to investigate the characteristics of low dose effect and non monotonic dose responses(NMDRs) and to predict the influence it might have on the health and medicine, traditional Korean medicine. Methods : By investigating recently published major literatures related to low dose effect and NMDRs, the definition, mechanism, major related fields, and the influence on public health and medicine has been categorized and summarized. Results : Although there are still heated debates about the definition of low dose, it implies the biological responses in environmental exposure level and the NDMDRs means the nonlinear relationship between the dose-response in the slope sign change. Also, it implies the new form of the curve showing a U, reverse U shape, and the slop sign constantly changing showing various forms. This mechanism is because the two acceptor shows opposing effects to toxic materials and the affinity is different along with the numerical value that increase and decrease being different. These characteristics generally appear in endocrine disrupters such as bisphenol A, agricultural pesticides, metal, and radiation. The research field in the public health and medical treatment is obesity, problems in metabolism, growth hormone treatment, climacteric treatment, breast cancer, intake of Korean traditional medicine for pregnancy, menopause and phytoestrogen. Conclusions : As a result of discussing implications, NMDRs is a particular effect in low dose and heated debates surround this response, research is being conducted surrounding the field of obesity, problems in metabolism, growth hormone treatment, climacteric treatment, breast cancer, intake of Korean traditional medicine for pregnancy, menopause, and phytoestrogen. More research and interest in needed as it can have a massive influence in the public health and medicine.

Establishment of Pre-Harvest Residue Limits of Clothianidin and Thiacloprid in Ginseng (인삼 중 Clothianidin 및 Thiacloprid의 생산단계 농약잔류허용기준 설정)

  • Na, Eun-Shik;Lee, Yong-Jae;Kim, Kyoung-Ju;Kim, Seong-Soo;Lee, Kyu-Seung
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
    • /
    • v.17 no.3
    • /
    • pp.155-161
    • /
    • 2013
  • The residue patterns of clothianidin and thiacloprid, insecticides registered in the ginseng, were investigated to predict pre-harvest residues limits (PHRL). Pesticides were treated under Korea GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) with the recommended dose (single dose) and twice of recommended dose (double dose). Samples were collected 11 times over 42 days (each 0, 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 33, 42 days after treatment). Residues of clothinidin and thiacloprid were analyzed by UPLC/TQD. Biological half-life of clothinidin in single dose and double dose were 14.6 days and 10.2 days and that of thiacloprid were also 9.7 days and 11.2 days, respectively. The PHRL of ginseng on 10 days before harvest was 0.3 mg/kg in clothianidin and 0.18 mg/kg in thiacloprid.

A Study on the Development and Improvement of Simple Piped Water Supply System in Rural Area of Korea (농촌지역 간이상수도시설 개발 및 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Chung, Yong;Koo, Ja-Kon;Kim, Myung-Ho;Yun, Suk-Woo;Kim, In-Sook
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.19-25
    • /
    • 1988
  • It is very important to supply safe drinking water for rural area not only a prevention of entric diseases but also a promotion of health life. It is estimated that 6,981,000 rural inhabitants were covered by the simple piped water supply system at the end of 1987 in Korea. The programme for improvement of water supply system in rural villages was initiated by the government since 1967. But most of these systems have been operated carelessly by the hands of villagers who have no proper knowledge and experience. Since most of water sources were located nearby farmland, there might be a possibility that the sources could be contaminated by pesticides and fertilizers. For this reason, it is recommended to take underground water as a water source rather than surface water such as a pond or streamwater in rural areas. However, the system is supplied from the surface water, its water quality can be improved by using of simple sand filter and simple chlorinator inexpensively. On the basis of an on-site study, conducted during 1986-87, in San-Buk Village, Keum-Sa-Myon, Yeju-Gun, Kyong-Gi-Do, the new simple piped water supply system was designed by the Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University, and constructed by the villagers themselves in September 1987. This simple system which is protected by metal fences consists of three main parts, pump house, vertical sand filter and water tank. The pumped water from underground flows into the upper part of the sand filter, through the sand, and out the water tank which is connected to the bottom of vertical filter. And the simple plastic-bottle chlorinator was installed in the water tank for chlorination. The water quality was remarkably improved after completion of construction. The total bacterial count was not detected from the tap water in households distributed by this simple piped water supply system. The construction cost of this system which was connected 34 households in San-Buk Village, was 4,851,000 won (approximately 6,020 U.S. dollars : 1$=805.8 won) in 1987,77% of expenses was supported by the Community Development Foundation in Korea. This case study for simple piped water supply projects will be applicable to other programme for improvement of water supply system in rural areas of Korea, and other developing countries.

  • PDF

Repellent and Pesticidal Effect of Ginkgo biloba Leaves Extracts on the Tetranichus urticae, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae (점박이응애(Tetranichus urticae), 목화진딧물(Aphis gossypii)과 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)에 대한 은행잎 추출물의 살충 및 기피효과)

  • Lee, In-Hwa;Seol, Myung-Su;Park, Jong-Dae
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • v.48 no.2
    • /
    • pp.150-154
    • /
    • 2005
  • To overcome the problems associated with chemical pesticides, biological pest controls agent extracted from Ginkgo biloba was studied. Insecticidal activities components in Ginkgo biloba extracts were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This results of HPLC analysis, GG-W80 were included bilobalide $611\;{\mu}g/kg$, ginkgolide A $37\;{\mu}g/kg$ and ginkgolide B $243\;{\mu}g/kg$, while YG-W80 were included bilobalide $214\;{\mu}g/kg$ and ginkgolide B $46\;{\mu}g/kg$. The biological activity of Ginkgo biloba extracts were conducted to repellent and pesticidial effect of Tetranichus urticae, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae treated with Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts. Mortalities of adult T. urticae to green Ginkgo biloba extracts (GG-W80) and yellow Ginkgo biloba extracts (YG-W80) were shown 98.3% and 20.0%, respectively. From these results, terpenes components in Ginkgo biloba extracts could be use for biological controls for T. urticae.

Fiber-optic biosensor for the detection of organophosphorus compounds in a contaminated water (Part I. : Design and development) (오염수 내의 유기인 화합물의 측정을 위한 광섬유 바이오센서 (제 1 부 : 장치 설계 및 개발 ))

  • Choi, Jeong-Woo;Min, Jun-Hong;Lee, Won-Hong
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.3 no.2
    • /
    • pp.50-56
    • /
    • 1994
  • Fiber-optic biosensor for the detection of organophosphorus compounds in a contaminated water was developed, which was the component of pesticides and agricultural agent. The detection principle of designed sensor was the pH variance induced by a reaction of acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibited by organophosphorus compounds. The pH variance was detected by the optical system to measure the organophosphorus compounds. Litmus was selected as the pH-sensitive dye suitable to the enzyme reaction and a light source to be detected by the optical system. The enzyme entrapped in Ca-alginate gel was immobilized at the inner wall to maintain the high activity of enzyme and to be reused for a long period. The optical fiber was used to miniaturize and control remotely the sensor system. The He-Ne laser with 632 nm was selected as the light source to prevent light intensity fluctuation by the product. Cheap plastic optical fibers were used as the transmission part of the light and the phototransistor was used as the reception part of light based on the wavelength of He-Ne laser. The proposed fiber-optic biosensor has the linear analytical range of 0 ppm-1.5 ppm with response time of 5 minutes.

  • PDF

Development of Habitat Suitability Index for Habitat Restoration of Narrow-mouth Frog(Kaloula borealis) (맹꽁이 서식처 복원을 위한 서식처 적합성 지수(HSI) 개발)

  • Shim, Yun-Jin;Cho, Dong-Gil;Park, Sohyun;Lee, Dong-Jin;Seo, Yun-Hee;Kim, Sang-Hyuk;Kim, Duck-Ho;Ko, Sang-Beom;Cha, Jin-Yeol;Sung, Hyun-Chan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
    • /
    • v.17 no.2
    • /
    • pp.109-123
    • /
    • 2014
  • Kaloula borealis is the species of Amphibia which belongs to Kaloula genus and it is the only species inhabiting in Korea. The population size and habitat of Kaloula borealis have been significantly decreased on a national scale due to the diversified developments and the uses of agricultural pesticides. Accordingly, the Ministry of Environment has designated and managed them as the class II of endangered species, in accordance with "Endangered Species Protection and Management Act"; however, a particular study focused on the ecological restoration of Kaloula borealis is desperately needed to prevent their extinction. This study was conducted to propose the HSI (Habit Suitability Index) of Kaloula borealis based on literature survey on ecology and habitats of Kaloula borealis, as well as their HSI. Factors to be investigated in HSI include: space, feed, cover, water(breeding) and threatening factors and the variables of each factor were also proposed. The distance from wetland, grassland, farm, stream and rice paddy, as well as the altitude of spawning pond were proposed as the variables of space, whereas the bed structure of forest and low-rise grassland were proposed as the variables of feeding. The variables of water (breeding) include the area of permanent and temporary wetlands, coverage of emerged pants (ratio of open water), water depth, water temperature, water quality, pH level, etc., whereas the presence of predator, distance from street and pollutants were proposed as the variables of threatening factor. The sub-standards by HSI factor of Kaloula borealis have been drawn from in-depth consultation with experts and based on this, the final HSI of Kaloula borealis was developed.

Functional Genomic Analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis C25 Reveals the Potential Genes Regulating Antifungal Activity against Rosellinia necatrix (Bacillus thuringiensis C25의 흰날개무늬병 Rosellinia necatrix에 대한 항진균 활성에 관여하는 유전자 특성 및 기능 유전체학적 연구)

  • Kim, Kangmin;Lee, Hwa-Yong;Bae, Wonsil;Cho, Min;Ryu, Hojin
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
    • /
    • v.47 no.4
    • /
    • pp.417-425
    • /
    • 2019
  • Biocontrol agents (BCAs) are widely used to protect plants from diverse biotic and abiotic stresses in agricultural and ecological fields. Among the various microbes, many subspecies of the gram-positive genus, Bacillus, have been successfully industrialized as eco-friendly biological pesticides and fertilizers. In the current study, we demonstrated that Bacillus thuringiensis C25 exhibited antagonistic effects on the mycelial growth of Rosellinia necatrix, a fungal phytopathogen. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that B. thuringiensis C25 degraded the cell wall structures of R. necatrix mycelia. In the functional genomic analysis of B. thuringiensis C25, we annotated 5,683 genes and selected the gene sets that potentially encoded fungal cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs). The growth inhibition effects on R. necatrix were highly correlated with the transcriptional activity of the mycelial cell wall degrading genes of B. thuringiensis C25. The transcript levels of CWDEs, including CshiA, B, and Glycos_transf_2 genes in B. thuringiensis C25, were enhanced following co-cultivation with R. necatrix. In conclusion, our study suggested that B. thuringiensis C25 could serve as a suitable candidate for controlling R. necatrix and could facilitate elucidating the mechanisms underlying the antifungal activities of BCAs against phytopathogens.