• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.515-522
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• 2010

The purpose of this research was to construct an efficient management system in developing and supplying a 'management standard diagnostic table' for the improvement of chestnut cultivation farmhouse. 'Chestnut management standard diagnostic table' were based from the actual condition of chestnut management in Chungcheongnam-do, selected 'appraisal factor item and by consulting 'agricultural plant standard diagnostic table' and various kinds of data which had already been developed. This research also consulted the classification systems and degree of importance. The developed 'Chestnut management diagnostic table' consisted of 3 first classified items, 19 second classified items and 2 product indicator items.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.192-195
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: The growing season (GS) has been understood as a useful indicator for climate change due to high relationship with increasing temperature. Hear this study was conducted to examine changes in the thermal GS over South Korea from 1970 to 2013 based on daily mean air temperature for assessing the temporal and spatial variability in GS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three GS parameters (starting date, ending date, and length) were determined at 19 stations throughout South Korea. The results show that the GS has been extended by 4.2 days/decade between 1970 and 2013 on average. The growing season start (GSS) has been advanced by 2.7 days/decade and the growing season end (GSE) has been delayed by 1.4 day/decade. Spatial variation in the GS parameters in Korea are shown. The GS parameters, especially GSS, of southeastern part of Korea have been changed more than that of northwestern part of Korea. The extension of GS may be more influenced on earlier onset in spring rather than later GSE. CONCLUSION: Under climate change scenarios, the GS will be more extended due to delayed GSE as well as advanced GSS. And These are more notable in the northeastern part of Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2013

In rural areas, in spite of the development projects of town and houses has been performed after the New Community Movement, due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, which lasted until the 2000s from the 1980s, out-migration to the cities, changes in the industrial structure, rapid aging was carried. As a result, the gap of housing environment between urban and rural areas became more serious. The meantime, the housing problem is recognized only to the problems of the big cities, mostly urban public housing policy oriented. However, when you check the indicator of the housing environment, such as the percentage of aging housing, rural environment has become a relatively poor compared to the city. In addition, due to a decrease in income and aging of the population living in rural areas of existing infrastructure to improve the living environment is weakened. And inside of the rural areas, changes in the housing environment and polarization phenomenon is becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, in this study, there is a purpose to be presented the improvement direction for efficient implementation of house remodeling support program for underprivileged group in rural areas and requires immediate attention improvement of housing environment. Previously, House remodeling support project in rural areas was carried out at the initiative of local governments and government mainly. For this reason, it is difficult due to limited institutional, to reflect the necessary parts directly to the real life of the residents. And, the demand for improvement of housing environment need modifications to solve the inconvenience of life of residents directly in many cases. It is considered that community-based house remodeling support project is to be carried out through the participation of local residents.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2012

In the current study, several carabid beetle species were proposed as potential biological indicators for different habitat types (levee, upland dike, hillock, and streamside) of agricultural landscapes focusing on agrobiont species. Synuchus arcuaticollis and Synuchus orbicollis were found in all habitat types, indicating that they are general species for all habitat types. Harpalus eous and Synuchus cycloderus are potential bioindicator species for the paddy levee and hillock habitats, respectively. Amara pseudosimplicidens, Anisodactylus punctatipennis, and Chlaenius ocreatus, which occurred widely, and Bembidion morawitzi, which occurred only in the streamside habitat, are potential bioindicators for the streamside habitat.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2015

Heavy metal pollution has been a critical problem in agricultural field near at the abandoned metal mines and chemical amendments are applied for remediation purpose. However, biological activity can be changed depending on chemical amendments affecting crop productivity. Main purpose of this research was to evaluate biological parameters after applying chemical amendments in heavy metal polluted agricultural field. Result showed that soil respiration (SR) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) were changed after chemical amendments were applied. Among three different amendments, lime stone (LS), steel slag (SS), and acid mine drainage sludge(AMDS), AMDS had an effect to increase SR in paddy soil. Comparing to control ($93.98-170.33mg\;kg^{-1}day^{-1}$), average of 30% increased SR was observed. In terms of MBC, SS had an increased effect in paddy soil. However, no significant difference of SR and MBC was observed in upland soil after chemical amendment application. Overall, SR can be used as an indicator of heavy metal remediation in paddy soil.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.4 s.137
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• pp.267-273
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• 2004

To select indicator insects, the abundance of which is one of the major criteria for the evaluation of agricultural environment, was designated and monitored in the three sites (Hongcheon A, B, and Yangpyeong) from 2001 to 2003. Characteristics of rice cultivation are usual cultivation with 2 or 3 times sprayed chemical agents per year in Hongcheon A site, duck cultivation with non-sprayed chemical agent, green manure and mowing in Hongcheon B site, and pond snail with non-sprayed chemical agent, green manure and mowing in Yangpyeong site. Dominant floral species are Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel., Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zuccarini) H. Gross, Echinochioa crus-galli (L.) Beauvois, and Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. in Hongcheon A site, Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel., Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zuccarini) H. Gross, and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauvois in Hongcheon B site, and Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., and Persicaria langiseta (De Btuyn) Kitagawa in Yangpyeong site. Degree of green naturality (DGN) was higher in Hongcheon B site (2.0) and Yangpyeong site (3.6) than in Hongcheon A site (1.6). Number of species and individual of insects collected in the three sites were abundant on August and September. The species diversity was higher in Hongcheon B and Yangpyeong than in Hongcheon A. And Coleoptera was dominant in the all sites. The dominance index (DI) was the lowest, but diversify index (H'), evenness index (E) and richness index (RI) were the highest in Hongcheon B site. Based on three results, indicator insects for the evaluation of agricultural environment were selected as Dolichus halensis in Hongeheon A site, as Pheropsophus. javanus and Polionemobius mikado in Hongcheon B and Yangpyeong sites.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.211-219
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• 2023

Nutrient balance is an environmental indicator for assessing the potential of sustainable agriculture. Improving the use of arable land is crucial for reducing the nutrient balance. This study monitored soil water content, seepage water, crop growth, and nutrient balance in weighing lysimeters during forage barley (Hordeum vulgare L., "Yeongyang") cultivation from October to April. The study was conducted from 2020 to 2022, and the treatments included forage barley cultivation (clay loam, CL-FC; sandy loam, SL-FC) and bare soils. During the regeneration period (March to April), the soil moisture contents of bare and forage barley-cultivated soils were approximately 30-40% and 18.1-21.8%, respectively. The daily evapotranspiration of forage barley was 6.09 mm. The nitrogen balances for SL-FC and CL-FC were -0.43 to -2.93 g m^-2 and -0.79 to 0.75 g m^-2, respectively, which can be attributed to the higher nutrient uptake of forage barley in SL-FC than in CL-FC. Consequently, the forage barley cultivation in SL-FC can potentially reduce nutrient leaching during the spring rainy season. Furthermore, nutrient balance can be reduced by cultivating forage crops during the winter season.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2014

Glomalin has been suggested as an enhancer for soil stability by promoting the aggregation. In this study, we examined the concentrations of glomalin and microbial characteristics in 25 controlled horticultural soils sampled from Gyeongnam Province. Total glomalin had a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter (p < 0.01), soil microbial biomass carbon (p < 0.05), and dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05) in controlled horticultural soils. In addition, the total glomalin had a significant positive correlation with concentrations of total fatty acid methyl esters, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in controlled horticultural soils (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the concentration of total glomalin could be an indicator of microbial biomass richness for sustainable agriculture in controlled horticultural soils.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.335-341
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• 2007

The main habitats of diving beetles in agricultural ecosystems were identified as ponds, irrigation channels, and reservoirs, where the water system is maintained throughout the year. Four species, Cybister japonicus, Cybister brevis, Hyphydrus japonicus and Noterus angustulus, were selected as biological indicators which can be used to evaluate the healthiness of the agricultural ecosystem. The species number of 4 indicator species, the species number of diving beetle species, and the diversity index were used as factors for environmental evaluation. The evaluation was classified into grades $I{\sim}IV$. The non-fertilizer and non-pesticide agricultural practicing area and the sustainable agricultural practicing area were evaluated as grades $I{\sim}II$, and the general agricultural area to be relatively fine with a grade II. However, the analysis indicated the agricultural areas near a residential area and an industrial complex to be poor with a grade of IV, suggesting that immediate improvement in the agricultural environment is needed.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.245-256
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• 2021

Background and objective: The vitalization of urban agriculture has increased various forms of experience-based education using school gardens, which raised the importance of school gardens in terms of value as well as the need to develop an implementation system for education-based agricultural experience service using school gardens. Thus, we reset the evaluation indicators from the previous study to establish objective evaluation indicators that enable quantitative comparison of school garden education services. Methods: Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and direct question (DQ) surveys were conducted on 20 experts from October 12 to 19, 2020 after establishing the purpose and subjects of evaluation, and then the weights were calculated using the Expert Choice 2010 program. Results: First, we analyzed the problems of the previous indicators by categorizing the performance indicators and comparing and verifying them with six requirements of valuation. Then, we added 'welfare values' and established sub-indicators accordingly. The importance of value indicator in AHP was in the order of education values (0.544), health values (0.182), welfare values (0.164), environmental values (0.062), and economic values (0.049). The importance of environmental and economic values was relatively low, less than 0.1. The importance of sub-indicators was highest in cultivating character (0.144), followed by enhancing ecological sensitivity (0.141) > promoting mental health (0.134) > cultivating agricultural literacy (0.120) > improving social skills (0.104). And mitigating climate change in environmental values was lowest (0.009). Increase in income was the lowest (0.036). This can be regarded as the expression of change to increase the educational effect based on collective life and the connotative meaning of 'school'. In the case of DQ, the AHP weight and order were the same, but the environmental and economic values were relatively low, and the result was different from AHP weight. For sub-indicators, the importance in DQ was highest in promoting mental health (0.136), followed by promoting physical health (0.085), ]cultivating character (0.082), social integration (0.072), and enhancing ecological sensitivity (0.071). After reviewing related experts, we came up with 5 evaluation indicators and 16 sub-indicators for school garden education service, which are objective evaluation indicators that enable quantitative comparison. Conclusion: In the future, we will validate the socioeconomic values of school garden education services and contribute to revitalizing school gardens by establishing policy alternatives for effective operation and management of school gardens.