• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1651-1659
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• 2017

Objective: Lao PDR's recent accession to the World Trade Organization necessitates a greater understanding of the patterns and risk of livestock production in order to better align national policy with the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This eco-health study was conducted to improve understanding of the interrelations between market chains and zoonotic infection risks at two strategic cross border points between Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam. Methods: Information gained from smallholder farmer/trader interviews was integrated with serological surveys for pig-associated zoonoses-including hepatitis E virus (HEV), Taenia solium (T. solium) and trichinella-to identify potential linkages between disease risk and pig production and slaughter in low input systems common across the country. Results: Trichinella and HEV exposure was high in both humans and pigs in both study areas, significantly associated with pig slaughter and the subsequent consumption and handling of raw pork products. T. solium demonstrated a strong geographical and ethnic association with the northern study area bordering Vietnam. With the right knowledge and accessible, affordable inputs, the majority of smallholder farmers indicated a willingness to invest more in pig production, which could simultaneously improve livelihoods and decrease exposure to HEV, Trichinella, and T. solium through increased access to formal markets and an improved slaughter processes. Conclusion: The linkages identified when assessing disease risk in the context of potential economic and cultural drivers of transmission highlight the importance of a systems-based approach for the detection and control of zoonotic disease, and contributes to an improved understanding of the Lao PDR livestock sector.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2013

The fluorescent proteins are generally denatured by heat treatment and thus lose their color. The normal reeling method includes processing by drying and cooking the cocoons near $100^{\circ}C$ before reeling. Therefore, the usual processing method cannot be used for making colored fluorescent silks. To develop a method that is applicable to producing transgenic silk without color loss, we develop reeling methods adequate for a recombinant fluorescence cocoons. It was found that the fluorescence cocoons keep their native color when dried at temperatures lower than $60^{\circ}C$ for 15 h. Also, a new cooking method to soften the fluorescent cocoons was developed: the cocoons were soaked in a solution of 0.2% sodium carbonate ($Na_2CO_3$)/0.1% nonionic surfactant (Triton X100) at $60^{\circ}C$ and then placed under vacuum. The repeated vacuum treatments enabled complete penetration of the solution into the cocoons, and the cocoons were thus homogenously softened and ready for reeling. In this state, the cooked cocoons can be reeled by an automated reeling machine. Our results suggest that drying and cooking of the cocoons at low temperature enables the subsequent reeling of the colored fluorescent silks by an automatic reeling machine without color loss and can produce silks that can be used for making higher value-added silk materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.332-332
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• 2017

Rice ratooning is the cultural practices to produce easily second rice from the stubble left behind after the main-crop harvest. The main advantage of rice ratooning is that in areas where rice is the main crop, double crop of rice can be grown for additional returns. Three early ripened rice cultivars were tested for estimation their milled rice quality and starch characteristics from main and ratoon rice. The main crop was harvested at mass maturity, after which the tillers were mowed to stubbles of about 10 cm tall. And then it left without any further input until the ratooned plant was ready for harvest. Highly significant variations were detected in the milled rice quality between main and ratoon rice. Protein and amylose contents of ratoon rice were more increased than those of main rice. The Toyo value (gloss) of cooked rice of ratoon crop was measured also higher than that of main crop. It resulted from higher air temperature during grain ripening compared with that of ratoon crop. The mean temperature during ripened period of ratoon rice was favorable for optimal maturation for early ripened rice cultivars. Normalized chromatograms of branch chain length distribution of amylopectin are demonstrated a distinct difference between main and ratoon rice flour. Ratoon rice had higher amount of short chains than that of main crop rice starches. Microscopic examination of rice flours with scanning electron microscopy shows starch granule shapes affected by the cropping types, main and ratoon rice. It showed significant differences among rice starch granule shapes and in granule size between main and ratoon rice. Starch of ratoon rice had more neat and smaller granules than that of main rice.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.329-338
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• 2019

In this study, we analyze consumer preferences based on the agricultural box scheme attributes, and make a suggestion for business revival. We estimate the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for box scheme attributes using a choice experiment. Attributes include the bundle method, the delivery method, and price. To select an efficient model for statistical analysis, we evaluate the conditional logit model, heteroscedastic extreme value model(HEV model), multinomial probit model, and mixed logit model under different assumptions. The results of these four models show that the bundle method, the delivery method, and price are statistically significant in explaining the probability of participation in a box scheme. The results of likelihood ratio tests show that the heteroscedastic extreme value model is the most appropriate for our survey data. The results also indicate that MWTP for a change from fixed type to selection type is KRW 7,096.6. MWTP for a change from parcel service to direct delivery and cold-chain delivery are KRW 3,497.5 and KRW 7,532.7, respectively. The results of this study may contribute to the government's local food policies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.72-72
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• 2017

We found a new stay-green mutant from 'Pyeongwon' which is an early-maturing rice variety in Korea. The mutant showed green leaves after grain ripening period and it maintained higher SPAD value than wild type rice plant and original variety 'Pyeongwon'. The stay-green trait in rice, three genes have been identified up to date. The non-yellow coloring1 (NYC1) gene encodes a chloroplast-localized short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) with three transmembrane domains. The non-yellow coloring3 (NYC3) gene encodes a plastid-localizing alpha/beta hydrolase-fold family protein with an esterase/lipase motif. The Sgr gene encodes a novel chloroplast protein and regulates the destabilization of the light-harvesting chlorophyll binding protein (LHCP) complexes of the thylakoid membranes, which is a prerequisite event for the degradation of chlorophylls and LHCPs during senescence. After sequencing the PCR products, we found a single nucleotide variation($A{\rightarrow}T$) in the NYC1 gene, which changes the amino acid lysine to methionine. The NYC1 gene encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR) protein. And we confirmed the co-segregation between SNP and stay-green trait from genotyping the progenies of the mutant.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2014

Physicochemical, pasting, and digestion properties of sweet potato starches from 11 Korean cultivars were investigated. Starch granules were variably oval, round, polygonal, spherical, and bell-shaped, and of 10.2-15.3 ${\mu}m$ in mean particle diameter. Amylose contents varied from 12.3 to 17.4%. A similar chain length distribution of amylopectin was found in each of the cultivars. The portion of $B_3$ correlated with the degree of amylose leaching. Thermal properties determined by differential scanning calorimetry showed high values of gelatinization temperatures in Shinyulmi and Jeungmi starches, but a relatively low value in Daeyumi starch. All starches exhibited a Ca-type diffraction pattern. Differing patterns were observed in swelling factors, depending on temperature. The contents of rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, and resistant starch ranged from 9.6-17.4, 31.4-45.6, and 35.7-62.8%, respectively. In Rapid Visco Analyser profiles, differences were observed in pasting parameters such as pasting temperature, peak viscosity, final viscosity, and breakdown.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.794-805
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• 2018

To identify correlation between fresh meat and processed meat products, we performed canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to predict the relationship between pork supply and meat product production in Korea. Results of CCA showed a canonical correlation of 0.8576 in the first canonical pair (p<0.01). The production of meat products showed the highest correlation with pork import but the lowest correlation with the production of domestic pork. Although Korean consumer preferred meat products produced by fresh domestic pork, inexpensively imported pork with high share in meat products was supplied in the market. Therefore, securing domestically produced raw meat is important for expanding consumption of domestic meat products. Results of this study suggest that meat processor and pig producer can achieve the $6^{th}$ industrialization by combining the production of raw pork materials, meat processing, and sales service.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the physico-chemical, microbiological and sensorial qualities of restructured steaks processed from beef trimmings (grade I and II) and frozen beef (fresh beef as control and frozen beef). Methods: Beef trimmings from commercial butcher were collected, designated into 4 treatments differing in beef trimmings grade and freezing, processed into restructured steaks with 1% microbial transglutaminase and then analyzed for product quality. Results: The results showed that all meat from different groups could be tightly bound together via cross-linking of myosin heavy chain and actin as observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Microbial counts of psychrotrophic and mesophilic bacteria were not affected by treatments (p>0.05), and no detectable of thermophilic bacteria were found. Regarding effect of beef trimmings grade, steaks made from beef trimmings grade II (16.03% fat) showed some superior sensorial qualities including higher tenderness score (p<0.05) and tendency for higher scores of juiciness and overall acceptability (p<0.07) than those made from beef trimmings grade I (2.15% fat). Moreover, a hardness value from texture profile analysis was lower in steaks processed from beef trimmings grade II than those made from grade I (p<0.05). Although some inferior qualities in terms of cooking loss and discoloration after cooking were higher in steaks made from beef trimmings grade II than those made from beef trimmings grade I (p<0.05), these differences did not affect the sensory evaluation. Frozen beef improved the soft texture and resulted in effective meat binding as considered by higher cohesiveness and springiness of the raw restructured product as compared to fresh beef (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated the most suitable raw beef for producing restructured steaks without detrimental effect on product quality was beef trimmings grade II containing up to 17% fat which positively affected the sensory quality and that frozen beef trimmings increased tenderness and meat binding of restructured beef steaks.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2022

Fusarium head blight is an important disease of small grains. It is mainly caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC). Barley and wheat growers spray fungicides, especially demethylation-inhibitor fungicides, to suppress the disease. The objective of this study was to examine the changes in the sensitivity of the FGSC population to the triazole fungicide, propiconazole. A total of 124 and 350 isolates of FGSC were obtained from barley and wheat in Jeolla Province during 2010-2016 and 2020-2021, respectively. The species identity and trichothecene chemotypes of the FGSC isolates were determined based on polymerase chain reaction assays targeting translation elongation factor 1-alpha and TRI12 genes, respectively. Sensitivity to propiconazole was determined based on the effective concentration that reduced 50% of the mycelial growth (EC₅₀) using the agar dilution method. Of all isolates, F. asiaticum with the nivalenol chemotype was the most common (83.9% in 2010-2016 and 96.0% in 2020-2021), followed by F. asiaticum with the 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol chemotype (12.1% in 2010-2016 and 2.9% in 2020-2021). The EC₅₀ values of the isolates collected in 2010-2016 and 2020-2021 ranged from 0.0180 to 11.0166 ㎍/mL and 1.3104 to 17.9587 ㎍/mL, respectively. The mean EC₅₀ value of the isolates increased from 3.8648 ㎍/mL in 2010-2016 to 5.9635 ㎍/mL in 2020-2021. The baseline resistance to propiconazole was determined to be 7 ㎍/mL, based on the EC₅₀ value of isolates collected in 2010-2016, and the ratio of resistant isolates increased from 9.7% in 2010-2016 to 28.6% in 2020-2021.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.467-476
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• 2019

Objective: This research was conducted to study the genetic diversity in several Indonesian cattle breeds using microsatellite markers to classify the Indonesian cattle breeds. Methods: A total of 229 DNA samples from of 10 cattle breeds were used in this study. The polymerase chain reaction process was conducted using 12 labeled primers. The size of allele was generated using the multiplex DNA fragment analysis. The POPGEN and CERVUS programs were used to obtain the observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, observed heterozygosity value, expected heterozygosity value, allele frequency, genetic differentiation, the global heterozygote deficit among breeds, and the heterozygote deficit within the breed, gene flow, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and polymorphism information content values. The MEGA program was used to generate a dendrogram that illustrates the relationship among cattle population. Bayesian clustering assignments were analyzed using STRUCTURE program. The GENETIX program was used to perform the correspondence factorial analysis (CFA). The GENALEX program was used to perform the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and analysis of molecular variance. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using adegenet package of R program. Results: A total of 862 alleles were detected in this study. The INRA23 allele 205 is a specific allele candidate for the Sumba Ongole cattle, while the allele 219 is a specific allele candidate for Ongole Grade. This study revealed a very close genetic relationship between the Ongole Grade and Sumba Ongole cattle and between the Madura and Pasundan cattle. The results from the CFA, PCoA, and PCA analysis in this study provide scientific evidence regarding the genetic relationship between Banteng and Bali cattle. According to the genetic relationship, the Pesisir cattle were classified as Bos indicus cattle. Conclusion: All identified alleles in this study were able to classify the cattle population into three clusters i.e. Bos taurus cluster (Simmental Purebred, Simmental Crossbred, and Holstein Friesian cattle); Bos indicus cluster (Sumba Ongole, Ongole Grade, Madura, Pasundan, and Pesisir cattle); and Bos javanicus cluster (Banteng and Bali cattle).