• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.236-246
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• 2014

Pesticide is used to protect the crops, but also become a cause of polluting the environment. Perform a risk assessment using physical and chemical properties, environmental fate and toxicity data in order to determine the pesticide registration. The aquatic model estimates pesticide concentrations in water bodies that result from pesticide applications to rice paddies and apple orchard. The used models are the PRZM, EXAMS and AGRO shell (PA5), Rice Water Quality Model (RICEWQ) and Screening Concentration In GROund Water (SCI-GROW). The residual concentration of water body was estimated using meteorological data, crop calendar and soil series of Korea. The chosen pesticides were butachlor, carbofuran, iprobenfos and tebuconazole. It has shown the potential that the RICEWQ is possible to predict residue level in water of butachlor and iprobenfos, because the maximum value in water monitoring data is lower than the peak concentration of the model, and the minimum value is lower than the average annual concentration of the model. But RICEWQ was insufficient to predict exposure concentrations in ground water. The estimated exposure concentrations of carbofuran in ground water is very higher than in surface water because of its low soil adsorption coefficient. Although tebuconazole were not detected in the water monitoring that means very low concentration, it is possible that the PA5 can be used to predict residue level in water.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate residual organochlorine pesticides in green house soil and green perilla leaves. Extraction and clean-up method were developed using the modified QuEChERS method for residual organochlorine pesticides (ROCPs) in soil and green perilla leaves. Recovery and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of ROCPs in greenhouse soil and green perilla leaves were 76.3-113.4 and 79.4-107.3%, 0.03-0.24 and $0.33-0.50{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. Detected ROCPs in greenhouse soil were dieldrin and endosulfan sulfate, the residue were 1.6-9.2 and $22.0-87.8{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. But two pesticides in all green perilla leaf samples were not detected. These results showed that ROCPs residue in greenhouse soil was lower than the level of bioaccumulation occurring.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.236-246
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method for the determination of pyribencarb and its metabolite KIE-9749 in agricultural commodities. The experiment was performed with a range of concentrations $0.05{\sim}2.5{\mu}g/g$ in apple, green pepper, potato, hulled rice, soybean, pear, peach, grape and cucumber. Each samples were extracted with acetone and cleaned by dichloromethane/saline water partition and purified with Florisil solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and aminopropyl SPE cartridge. Pyribencarb and KIE-9749 were separated and quantified by HPLC/UVD at 265nm using acetonitrile and water as mobile phase. The recoveries of pyribencarb and KIE-9749 were within 78.3~108.4% and 73.9~113.7% with RSD below 12.2% and 15.0%, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were both $0.05{\mu}g/g$. LC/ESI-MS/MS was optimized for confirmation of residue identity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2021

In the present study, liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry was used to conduct a risk assessment of ethoxyquin and ethoxyquin dimer residues in 288 farmed fish sold in wholesale and traditional markets in Seoul. The detection range (detection rate) of ethoxyquin and ethoxyquin dimer was 0.005~0.309 mg/kg (4.9%) and 0.001~2.828 mg/kg (69.8%), respectively. Ethoxyquin was detected only in freshwater eels, loaches, catfish, and flatfish, whereas ethoxyquin dimer was present in all fish species. To estimate the dietary exposure levels of ethoxyquin and ethoxyquin dimer, the hazard index, calculated using the acceptable daily intake and estimated daily intake, ranged from 0.001 to 0.300%. Our results indicate that there is no significant exposure risk to humans from these farmed fish despite 10 farmed fish samples exceeding the maximum residue level (1.0 mg/kg as the sum of ethoxyquin and ethoxyquin dimer).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.152-157
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• 2023

This study was aimed to investigate pesticides residue levels in nuts and seeds distributed in Gyeonggi-do. We investigated nuts and seeds in 131 products, which is pumpkin seeds (n=17), sunflower (n=12), sesame (n=23), perilla (n=11), peanut (n=18), almond (n=8), chestnut (n=6), walnut (n=14), pine nut (n=3), pecan (n=4), macadamia (n=3), brazil nut (n=5), cashew nut (n=4) and ginkgo nut (n=3). As a result of evaluating 339 pesticide residues, eight out of 131 samples were detected at the range of 0.01-0.07 mg/kg. Additionally, 7 out of 8 detected samples exceeded MRLs (Maximum Residue Limits) and 85% of them were imported. Pyraclostrobin applied on the positive list system (PLS) was detected in five Chinese pumpkin seeds samples, and the range was 0.02-0.04 mg/kg. In Indian and Korean sesame seeds, pendimethalin, boscalid, and bifenthrin were detected at 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 mg/kg, respectively. The ratio of estimated daily intake (EDI) to acceptable daily intake (ADI) was 0.002-0.372%, indicating that the risk level was safe.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.310-314
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• 2011

The Banna miniature pig (BNMP) is a representative miniature pig breed in China. Even though BNMP dwarfism is obvious, its underlying causative mutations remain unknown. In this study, the BNMP and Large White pig (LWP) serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels were detected by ELISA and compared. BNMP serum IGF-1 levels were significantly lower than LWP levels (P<0.05). The miniature condition may arise from mutations in the GH and GH receptor (GHR) genes. Therefore, GH and GHR cDNA from the BNMP were cloned into a pMD18-T vector by RT-PCR using the total RNA obtained from the BNMP's pituitary and liver tissues. Sequencing results indicated that the open reading frame of the BNMP GH gene is composed of a 26-residue signal peptide and a 191-residue mature peptide. The coding sequence of the BNMP GHR gene contained 639 amino acids, including a signal peptide that is 18 amino acids long. Two amino acid substitutions, A09V and R22Q, were found in the signal peptide of the GH gene. Additionally, the S104P mutation was found in the BNMP's mature GH protein. Four mutations in the cytoplasmic domain of GHR may influence the downstream signal transduction of GHR, which needs further experimental evidence.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2002

Pesticide residues in some fruits collected at Noeun wholesale market, Daejeon were surveyed and assessed its risk. In 120 samples, the detection rate of pesticide was 70.8% and the rate exceed MRL was 1.67%. Highly detection rate of commodities was apple, peach and grape. Organophosphorus, organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticide were found with similar rate relatively, but most of fungicides were procymidone(dicarboximides) and chlorothalonil(organochlorine). The order of detected pesticide were chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, procymidone, deltamethrin and EPN. In order to assess risk estimated intake amount of each pesticide was compared to ADI. Although some peach were exceed MRL the total amount and uptake pesticides was less than 1.22% comparing to ADI.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.487-491
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• 1994

Relative crystallinities, saccharification efficiency, and diazinon(pesticide) residues of rice and rice hull puffed by hot air puffer were investigated. Crystallinities of rice starch in the puffed rice were decreased as compared to those in cooked rice, and those of rice hull were slightly decreased as compared to those in raw hull. By puffing of glutinous rice, the saccharification efficiency treated with malt amylase was higher than in cooked rice, and hydrolysis ratio of rice hull by cellulase was also increased from 14% to 30% by puffing. The residual contents of diazinon of the puffed rice and rice hull were decreased to 42.7% and 47.6%, respectively. In addition, its decreasing rate in nonglutinous rice were higher than that of glutinous rice.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2009

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor has been used to detect many biochemical reactions, because this label-free sensor has high sensitivity and rapid response. The reactions are monitored by refractive index changes of the SPR biosensor. Iprovalicarb is protective, curative, and eradicative systemic fungicide introduced by Bayer AG in 1999. It has potential far control of downy mildew infesting onion, cucumber, grape and melon, late blight infesting tomato and potato, and anthracnose infesting watermelon and pepper. It is strictly limited to the maximum residue limit. In this study, the applicability of a portable SPR biosensor (Spreeta, Texas instrument, TX, USA) to detect the iprovalicarb residue was examined. The sensor chip was adopted to detect the reaction of iprovalicarb to immobilized iprovalicarb-antibody. The binding of the iprovalicarb onto the biosensor surface was measured by change of the refractive index (RI). Characteristics of the sensor chip including specificity, sensitivity, stability, and reusability were analyzed. In calibration test for seven levels of iprovalicarb concentration (0.32 to 5,000 mg/L) with three replications, a Sigmoidal model with Hill function was obtained between relative RI value and the iprovalicarb concentration with R-square of 0.998. It took 30 minutes to complete a set of detecting assay with the SPR biosensor.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.446-456
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• 2001

This study was carried out for the dietry safely based on the level of pesticide residues In 13 kinds of agricultural products consumed in Kyonggi-Do. Korea. From June to October 2000, sixteen organochlorine pesticides in 397 samples were analyzed by using GC/ECD and GC/MSD. According to the results, endosulfan were detected in 27(7.8%) samples and chlorothalonil were detected in 4(1.0%) samples. Detection ranges of endosulfan were 3.7437∼ 0.0488ppm for lettuce, 2.1902 ∼0.1423ppm for spinach, 2.4909 ∼0.0786ppm for mallow and 3.2333∼0.3997ppm for mustard leaf, respectively Chlorothalonil were 5.8097 for lettuce and 0.8962ppm for spinach. Consequently, six agricutural products were detected more than the maximum residue limits in Korea Endosulfan were detected In 5(1.8%) samples and cholrothalonil were detected in 1(0.3%) sample. Detection rates of endosulfan sulfate(45.9%) of agricultural products were more than $\alpha$-endosulfan(28.5% ) and $\beta$-endosulfan (23.9% ) .